Diss.--Fakultät für Geschichtswissenschaft--Bochum--Ruhr-Universität, Wintersemester 1997/98. / Bibliogr. p. 342-372. Index.

Submitted by Hozana Azevedo (hazevedo@ufba.br) on 2016-08-12T13:13:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Conceição, Antônio Carlos Lima da.pdf: 758683 bytes, checksum: 2c185717551079f375bff7ecc8856c94 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Hozana Azevedo (hazevedo@ufba.br) on 2016-08-12T13:15:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Conceição, Antônio Carlos Lima da.pdf: 758683 bytes, checksum: 2c185717551079f375bff7ecc8856c94 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T13:15:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Conceição, Antônio Carlos Lima da.pdf: 758683 bytes, checksum: 2c185717551079f375bff7ecc8856c94 (MD5) / Este trabalho tem a preocupação de examinar em que medida os crimes passionais ocorridos entre casais com vínculos amorosos e/ou sexuais em Salvador/Bahia entre 1890-1940, contribuíram para legitimar a desigualdade de gênero, pretende também identificar as concepções de gênero que perpassavam aquela sociedade e sua influência na prática dos crimes passionais estudados. Para alcançar os dramas passionais pesquisou os processos-crimes, selecionando-os em função dos vínculos amorosos e/ou sexuais ali presentes. Para subsidiar a fonte criminal e alargar as interpretações sobre os crimes, foram buscados textos jornalísticos que, como discursos representativos daquela sociedade, deram suporte à reconstrução das experiências cotidianas dos moradores de Salvador no episódio dos crimes passionais. Para além dessas fontes, visando compreender a posição dos agentes forenses ante os crimes passionais mencionados, foi importante consultar as obras jurídicas da época e tal investigação possibilitou a apropriação das falas nos tribunais e a relação entre eles e a sociedade em geral. Como criação jurídica de uma prática cultural, a figura do crime passional perpassou a sociedade soteropolitana, que pouco a pouco interiorizou as representações de paixão como justificativa para os atos criminosos.The aim of this Work is to examine in which ways the passional crimes related to couples with love or sexual ties in Salvador/Bahia between 1890-1940 were representative of such society. It is also to identify conceptions of gender that were intrinsic to that society and their influence on the crimes studied. In order to reach the true passional dramas, the process-crimes were selected and studied based on their love and sexual ties. Since journalistic texts are representative discourses of that society, they were used to subsidize the criminal investigation and understand the crimes themselves. These texts gave support to the reconstruction of the daily experiences of Salvador’s inhabitants by the time of the passional crimes. Juridical papers and the position of forensic agents from that time were also studied and this investigation made it possible to reorganize the speeches that occurred in court and their relation to the society in general. As a juridical creation of a cultural pratice, the passional crime in its essence was so present in Salvador‘ s society that, little by little, this society accepted passion as an excuse for these criminal acts.

155 pages / In the stratigraphic record of Camp Creek are episodes of fluvial scour and fill thousands of years old. Radiocarbon dates and the Mazama tephra, which serves as a stratigraphic time line, temporally bracket episodes of vertical aggradation and incision. Before 9000 years B.P. the valley floor was scoured to the Tertiary bedrock. Aggradation dominated since that time. Large cut-and-fill structures indicate that two periods of erosion occurred prior to incision of the modern arroyo. The first occurred before 6800 yr B.P. and the second occurred approximately 3000 years ago. The modern arroyo-channel flows at or near the Tertiary bedrock, is entrenched as much as nine meters in the valley-fill alluvium and is thought to have originated during the late 19th century.

Misty McElroy had no idea when she crafted her senior undergraduate capstone project at Portland State University in 2001 that she was starting a worldwide phenomenon—the Rock ‘n’ Roll Campfor Girls. What started as a week-long summer camp for girls ages 8 to 17 to teach them how to play rock music has since blossomed into an organization with over 40 branches worldwide, serving 3000 girls every year and affecting the lives of thousands more women and girls in the surrounding communities. The Girls Rock Camp Alliance operates as the organizing body for the dozens of Rock Camps across the globe. Together, these organizations work to build girls’ self-esteem through music creation and performance and further, to create feminist cultural change. Rock Camp, like so many other nonprofits, exists on a political continuum, with radical direct-action groups on the far left and mainstream, foundation-funded organizations on the right. Misty’s original vision for the Rock ‘n’ Roll Camp for Girls was rooted in radical feminist politics that followed in the footsteps of Riot Grrrl and made an explicit connection between girls playing music and political movement. While feminist politics continue to form the foundation of the work that every Rock Camp does, from its pedagogy and curriculum in its programming to its organizational structure, and every organizer will agree that Rock Camp is a fundamentally feminist organization, it has made a series of choices over the past decade that now places it closer to the center of the continuum.

Conflict in Africa remains one of the continent’s principal development challenges. The human, economic and development costs of conflict are immense. A peaceful and secure environment remains the greatest priority for ordinary Africans across the continent. However, this often remains a mirage for many as violent armed conflicts continue to take its toll on many ordinary citizens, often, displacing them as refugees. Some refugees remain in very a deplorable refugee camps that offer them no prospects of decent livelihood for many years. With fear that they would be persecuted upon return to their countries of origin and often the delays in finding solutions to political violence, refugees remain in a protracted situation. A Protracted refugee situation means that refugees have lived in exile for more than five years with no immediate prospect of finding a durable solution to their plight by means of voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement. Thousands of refugees who fled violent conflicts in the West Africa and other parts of Africa have lived for more than a decade in the Krisan and Buduburam refugee camps in Ghana. A situation that can be termed protracted. This paper investigated the perceptions of local Ghanaians, Refugees of Krisan Refugee Camp and Government Official on the integration of refugees in Ghana. Krisan Refugee Camp which was built in 1996, particularly, houses about 1,700 refugees from nine countries: The Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo Brazzaville, Côte d’Ivoire, Chad, Liberia, Sierra Leone and The Sudan. The refugees have lived with the indigenous people of Krisan village for more than a decade and thus offered the best case for the investigation. The researcher used qualitative triangulation method to collect data. That is, he observed the refugees, the local people and supervisors of the refugee camp who made up the sample population. The researcher was able to conduct a face to face in-depth interview and studied necessary documents that informed the study immensely. Thematic data analysis revealed economic and employment opportunities, security, cultural and social networking and finally good counselling on the three traditional durable solutions as the themes greatly impacting on the integration of refugees in Ghana. A number of recommendations are made to inform the management and integration of refugees in Ghana and in Africa in general.

This study has the objective of assessing the present outdoor recreation demand in a given area to justify for a local developer, private or public, the establishment of a new outdoor recreation unit. It is hypothesized that the demand exceeds the supply, making the establishment financially feasible. The case study has been limited to camping as an outdoor recreation activity for which reasonable amount of data is available. Only the present demand will be assessed and no projection will be attempted. The reason for this is that a local developer bases his action on present trends and eventually on rough short term projections which would be easy to derive from the results of this study. It is also a personal choice to study a part of the problem in depth rather than surveying a much larger piece of work including assessement of the present demand and its projection into the future. Although the term 'local' appears in the objective of the study, this does not mean that the new recreation unit will not attract a distant population. Therefore the demand is the “world demand” and in the particular case means the demand generated by a North American population. The supply of campgrounds does not have to be examined on such a scale since only the existing campgrounds competing with the new campground will be considered. In the case study, the new campground is located in the vicinity of Ladysmith at Cassidy, on Vancouver Island, and the competing supply, according to the methodology adopted, will be half of the existing campgrounds of Vancouver Island. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Zebrafish, Danio rerio, are able to survive exposure to extreme acidity (pH 4). Because previous studies demonstrated that disruption of ionic balance during exposure to acidic water is the major cause of mortality in acid-sensitive freshwater species, the focus of this thesis was to characterize the molecular mechanisms enabling zebrafish to maintain their Na+ homeostasis following exposure to acidic water. Initial findings (Chapter 2) demonstrated that branchial mRNA expression of selected isoforms of claudins, major components of tight junctions, are altered in an isoform-dependent manner, suggesting the potential regulation of epithelial permeability to minimize ion loss. Concurrently, a marked stimulation of Na+ uptake was observed in adults and larvae following acid-exposure. Because of the uniqueness of this response (increasing Na+ uptake in acidic water) among freshwater teleosts, the mechanisms related to Na+ uptake and its stimulation were investigated further (Chapters 3 - 7). Pharmacological treatments and gene knockdown approaches revealed that a functional metabolon consisting of an apically expressed Na+-H+-exchanger (NHE3b) in association with an apically expressed ammonia-conducting channel (Rhcg1), enables Na+ uptake in acidic water. During chronic (>1 day) exposure to acidic water, cortisol (via glucocorticoid receptors) and catecholamines (via β-adrenergic receptors) are involved in stimulating Na+ uptake. Although catecholamines may act on both NHE3b and Na+-Cl- co-transporter (NCC), the effects of cortisol on Na+ uptake are mediated primarily by activation of NHE3b. On the other hand, during acute (<3 h) exposure to acidic water, cortisol does not appear to affect Na+ uptake; rather, the stimulation of Na+ uptake appears to be mediated by angiotensin II and catecholamines. Cyclic AMP (cAMP), a signalling molecule synthesized following the activation of β-adrenergic receptors, is critically involved in stimulating Na+ uptake, likely via activation of NHE3b and NCC. In agreement with this idea, ionocytes that express NHE3b also express high levels of β-adrenergic receptor (propranolol binding sites) as well as trans-membrane adenylyl cyclase (forskolin binding sites). Taken together, the results of this thesis provide fresh insight into the mechanisms of osmoregulation in freshwater (FW) fish. In particular, the data reveal the presence of complex pathways regulating Na+ uptake in zebrafish exposed to acidic water. The relative importance of the various pathways depends in part on the duration of exposure; acute versus chronic.

BACKGROUND: Children who are exposed to war are at great risk of suffering mental health and developmental problems. The care children receive from parents during and after conflict is highly important, acting as a significant protective factor. The stress and difficulties of war and displacement, often leaves parents unable to give children the care they need. By supporting families through the use of parent interventions, it may be possible to weaken the link between war and displacement, and psychological difficulties in children. AIMS: The present project had two main aims. Firstly, to examine the parenting needs and challenges of refugee families living in preresettlement contexts. Secondly, to test the feasibility of disseminating parenting information to families living in conflict zones. The project took place in Syria and Turkey with families that had experienced the conflict in Syria. METHOD: First, a systematic review was carried out to explore previous evaluations of parenting programmes in preresettlement contexts. Then, a qualitative study was carried out exploring the parenting challenges and needs of refugee families, and the coping strategies parents utilised in caring for their children in preresettlement contexts. Thematic analysis was carried out to identify key issues from the data, and parental experiences. The final study tested the feasibility of large-scale distribution of parenting information leaflets and feedback questionnaires in a conflict zone in Syria. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the sample characteristics of the respondents and t-tests were utilised to examine the usefulness of the parenting leaflet. In addition, a content analysis methodology was used to code respondent comments that had been written on feedback questionnaires. CONCLUSION: The current available evidence base on parenting interventions in preresettlement contexts is poor. However, very soon after the immediate extreme stress of displacement, parents are very keen to access information on how best to parent their children. It may be possible to design and deliver interventions for parents in this context based on theoretical parenting principles and identified needs, to inform holistic interventions and culturally appropriate policy responses. The successful delivery of parenting information to families in a conflict zone demonstrates the scope for using existing humanitarian supply routes, both to distribute information and to receive feedback directly from recipients, even in high risk settings. Further research is required to investigate the efficacy and effectiveness of such an intervention in practice.

Adenylyl Cyclases (ACs) catalyze the formation of the key universal second messenger adenosine 3’, 5’-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) from adenosine 5’- triphosphate. Cyclic AMP participates in several signal transduction pathways and is present in bacteria and higher and lower eukaryotes including higher plants. Previous studies in plants have shown a role for cAMP in signal transduction during e.g. the cell cycle, elongation of the pollen tube and stimulation of protein kinase activity. More recently cAMP has been shown to play a role in stress responses. Interestingly, cAMP has also been shown to regulate ion transport in plant cells. Here we used a similar strategy that led to the discovery of the first guanylyl cyclase in plants that was based on the alignment of conserved and functionally assigned amino acids in the catalytic centre of annotated nucleotide cyclases from lower and higher eukaryotes, to identify a novel candidate ACs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana K+ Uptake 5 and 7). ATKUP5 and 7 are homologous to K+ uptake permeases (KUPs) from bacteria and high-affinity K+ transporters (HAKs) from fungi. The AC activity was investigated by recombinantly expressing the ATKUP5 and 7 AC domain in vitro and by complementation of an E. coli AC mutant (cyaA). Furthermore, ATKUP5 was tested for its ability to functionally complement a yeast mutant deficient in Trk1 and Trk2 high affinity potassium uptake transporters. Site-mutagenesis in the AC domain was used to test the effect of both functions in each other. Furthermore, ATKUP5 was characterized electrophysiologically in HEK-293 cells to characterize the nature of this transporter. The localization of the ATKUP5 in Arabidopsis was examined using a Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) fusion with the ATKUP5 to determine whether ATKUP5 is expressed at the plasma or tonoplast membrane. Arabiodpsis thaliana of the wild type, overexpressing ATKUP5 and atkup5 mutant lines were used to examine phenotypic differences.

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