<p>Special interest money enters politics in a number of ways: Politicians solicit contributions that help in their election campaigns; they enrich themselves while in office by accepting bribes; or, increasingly in many countries, they go through the "revolving door" and take up lucrative post-government jobs in companies that were affected by their decisions in office. The central argument I make in this dissertation is that these different types of special interest money can act as functional substitutes and that their prevalence is a strategic choice. I examine this strategic choice theoretically and empirically, and provide insights into the consequences it has for policy and voters. I focus on two main factors: First, what consequences does the legal environment have? Second, what is the effect of the political environment? </p><p>Chapter 1 lays the theoretical groundwork. I study a formal model of political competition that determines whether and how special interest money enters politics. I show that laws criminalizing bribery or restricting campaign contributions lead to substitution effects and make other types of special interest money more common, in particular the revolving door. I also study the effect of legal restrictions on equilibrium policy and demonstrate that it only moves policy towards the median voter under certain circumstances. Higher political competitiveness leads incumbents to solicit campaign contributions, whereas the absence of competitiveness provides leeway for personal enrichment.</p><p>I test the effect of the legal and the political environment on the types of special interest money empirically, using newly assembled data from the world's two largest democracies. Chapter 2 examines the effect of the degree of political competition on the choice between personal enrichment while in office and campaign spending in India. Making use of detailed mandatory asset disclosure data of state assembly members that run in consecutive elections, I show that candidates with ties to business groups increase their wealth to a higher degree when they are electorally secure. Conversely, they hold larger cash reserves, which are crucial in campaigns, the less electorally secure they are. Using a survey experiment, I show that the way special interest money is used matters to voters.</p><p>Chapter 3 asks where tougher regulations of money in politics comes from. I argue that political entrepreneurs running on an anti-corruption platform play an important role and provide a simple formal exposition of the conditions under which voters are willing to vote for them. The implications of the model are tested for one of the most successful electoral performances of an anti-corruption party of our time: the 2013 debut of the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) in state elections in Delhi in India. Analyzing three rounds of pre-election surveys with a total of more than 40,000 respondents and election outcomes at the polling-booth level, I provide empirical support for the central insights of the formal model.</p><p>Finally, in Chapter 4 I study the effect of stricter regulations of bribery and campaign contributions on the revolving door, exploiting regulatory variation among the 50 state legislatures of the United States. Using a series of multilevel regression models, I show that former legislators are more likely to go through the revolving door and become lobbyists in states that make politicians less dependent on campaign contributions from special interests and that make it harder to earn money while in office. This suggests that politicians' movement into the private sector upon exiting office can act as a substitute for other types of special interest money.</p> / Dissertation

The focus of this thesis is on the subject of social advertising. The first part of the thesis presents a theoretical base related to the subject. This part is focused on a specific type of social advertising, its characteristics, the differences between theory and practice in terms of social marketing and its objectives. Along with these topics, the history of social marketing, its methodology and implementation in the Czech Republic and United States of America will be revealed as well. There are also specified differences between social and commercial marketing, common subjects of social advertising and ethical aspects of social marketing. This part is also implicated with an evaluation of effectiveness of social marketing, non-profit organizations and societal responsibility. The practical part of this thesis is examined using the semiotic and image analysis; a sample of twenty-seven campaigns of social advertising which have appeared in the Czech media scene during the years of 2012 and 2013. The objects of this analysis are printed advertisements, outdoor campaigns and several commercial spots of social advertising. In the last part of the thesis, there are mentioned areas of social advertisements which are currently the most focused on. That is examined using the content analysis.

Title: Pilsner Urquell sponsorship of Czech ice hockey national team The Objective of the Thesis: The goal of this thesis is to create a comprehensive proposal of partnership activities between Pilsner Urquell and the Czech national ice hockey team for the 2016/2017 season. The conclusions and recommendations of this thesis are based on a thorough analysis of the same partnership in the 2014/2015 season within the frame of ICE HOCKEY campaign. Method: There were multiple methods of qualitative analysis used in the research section of the thesis. The relationship between both the sport association and Pilsner Urquell was analysed using a case study, document analysis and direct observation, with communication campaign as well. The data collection process was facilitated by a structured interview with the marketing department of both sides. Results of the thesis: The outcome of this thesis is a comprehensive proposal of a PR campaign for the 2016/2017 ice hockey season. The proposal includes concrete communication measures and initiatives that establish the partnership between the Czech National Ice Hockey Team and the Pilsner Urquell company. All individual initiatives are described in terms of their mission in the context of the overall partnership, the steps required to their realization, and...

Title: Football recruitment campaign in the Czech Republic Objectives: The main objective of this study is based on mapping and analysis of current practice and implemented recruitment campaigns in Czech football to find the flaws and the ideal model for devising measures to improve and effectiveness of these campaigns. Then identify and get to know the target group of parents of young footballers. Methods: In this work we were used methods of case studies, statistical data analysis and involved observation in the context of mapping the current practice of football recruitment campaigns in the Czech Republic. Further, a questionnaire survey among parents of current footballers to 18 years to identify the target group of football recruitment campaigns. Everything was supplemented by expert interview with a representative of the FACR. Results: In the Czech Republic there are two major football recruitment campaign, My first club and My first goal. Communication channels and tools of both campaigns were analysed in detail and presented their results. The questionnaire survey brought the identification of target groups for these recruitment campaigns. Thanks to lessons learned were proposed recommendations for researched campaigns. Keywords: football, campaign, marketing, communication, recruitment,

The diploma thesis called "The Framing of the Topic of National Indebtedness in MF DNES and Právo before the Election to the Chamber of Deputies 2010" deals with a concrete example of framing in Czech media praxis. The national indebtedness was one of the key topics during the pre-election campaign. The coverage of this topic is analyzed in two Czech newpapers - Mladá fronta DNES and Právo. The diploma thesis describes the frames used in the coverage and compares framing in both newpapers.

The atmosphere of the election campaign before the elections in October 2012 was not such fierce as during the last campaign. It was mainly due to absence of a major topic that would polarise the society, like the health fees in 2008. The ČSSD tried to find a similar controversial topic that might have been the church restitutions for a moment. The purpose of the negative campaign was to discourage people from voting the governmental parties ODS and TOP 09, but it also could weaken the KDU-ČSL that was and still is closely connected with churches, especially the catholic church. The representatives of the KDU-ČSL themselves didn't publish any opinions concerning this matter, with only few exceptions. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse and evaluate the media output of the KDU-ČSL during the election campaign that was run before the elections to the regional governments and the Senate. In the first part, the outline of the media strategy of the KDU-ČSL is introduced. The next part is devoted to a quantitative content analysis that compiles an overview of the regional media in the respective regions. The following qualitative analysis describes the media outputs devoted to the KDU-ČSL and its leaders. In the final part, the whole campaign of the KDU-ČSL is evaluated, together with the...

The subject of this thesis is to provide theoretical and knowledge basis needed for creation of communication campaign and to analyze preparation of specific communication campaign created by Vodafone Czech Republic a.s. in a time of financial crisis together with analysis of market environment and company's position at that time. The thesis depicts in detail subsequent steps of campaign preparation, from goals definition, choice of right benefits to execution of the campaign. It also evaluates the impacts of the campaign on the position of the company from the market and customer perspective.

The thesis deals with a form of modern marketing with respect to its application in a political environment. Thesis deals with the specifics of marketing in politics and issues are approached in the evolution of marketing campaigns around the last sixty years. The theoretical part also deals with the strategy of creating campaign. Political parties are classified by level of use of marketing instruments in their election campaigns, using a method of well-known political marketing expert - J. Lees-Marshment. The practical part is an analysis of selected marketing campaigns of Czech political parties according to the parameters described in the theoretical part. Based on the results of the analysis was drawn up a list of recommendations to create a campaign of a hypothetical political party.

The High Performance Computing community is constantly facing new challenges due to the ever growing demand for processing power from scientific applications that represent diverse areas of human knowledge. Parallel and distributed systems are the key to speed up the execution of these applications as many jobs can be executed concurrently. These systems are shared by many users who submit their jobs over time and expect a fair treatment by the scheduler. The work done in this thesis lies in this context: to analyze and develop fair and efficient algorithms for managing computing resources shared among multiple users. We analyze scenarios with many submissions issued from multiple users over time. These submissions contain several jobs and the set of submissions are organized in successive campaigns. In what we define as the Campaign Scheduling model, the jobs of a campaign do not start until all the jobs from the previous campaign are completed. Each user is interested in minimizing the flow times of their own campaigns. This is motivated by the user submission behavior whereas the execution of a new campaign can be tuned by the results of the previous campaign. In the first part of this work, we define a theoretical model for Campaign Scheduling under restrictive assumptions and we show that, in the general case, it is NP-hard. For the single-user case, we show that an approximation scheduling algorithm for the (classic) parallel job scheduling problem also delivers the same approximation ratio for the Campaign Scheduling problem. For the general case with multiple users, we establish a fairness criteria inspired by time sharing. Then, we propose a scheduling algorithm called FairCamp which uses campaign deadlines to achieve fairness among users between consecutive campaigns. The second part of this work explores a more relaxed and realistic Campaign Scheduling model, provided with dynamic features. To handle this setting, we propose a new algorithm called OStrich whose principle is to maintain a virtual time-sharing schedule in which the same amount of processors is assigned to each user. The completion times in the virtual schedule determine the execution order on the physical processors. Then, the campaigns are interleaved in a fair way. For independent sequential jobs, we show that OStrich guarantees the stretch of a campaign to be proportional to campaigns size and to the total number of users. The stretch is used for measuring by what factor a workload is slowed down relatively to the time it takes to be executed on an unloaded system. Finally, the third part of this work extends the capabilities of OStrich to handle parallel jobs. This new version executes campaigns using a greedy approach and uses an event-based resizing mechanism to shape the virtual time-sharing schedule according to the system utilization ratio. / La communauté de Calcul Haute Performance est constamment confrontée à de nouveaux défis en raison de la demande toujours croissante de la puissance de traitement provenant dapplications scientifiques diverses. Les systèmes parallèles et distribués sont la clé pour accélérer lexécution de ces applications, et atteindre les défis associés car de nombreux processus peuvent être exécutés simultanément. Ces systèmes sont partagés par de nombreux utilisateurs qui soumettent des tâches sur de longues périodes au fil du temps et qui attendent un traitement équitable par lordonnanceur. Le travail effectué dans cette thèse se situe dans ce contexte: analyser et développer des algorithmes équitables et efficaces pour la gestion des ressources informatiques partagés entre plusieurs utilisateurs. Nous analysons les scénarios avec de nombreux soumissions issues de plusieurs utilisateurs. Ces soumissions contiennent un ou plusieurs processus et lensemble des soumissions sont organisées dans des campagnes successives. Dans ce que nous appelons le modèle dordonnancement des campagnes les processus dune campagne ne commencent pas avant que tous les processus de la campagne précédente soient terminés. Chaque utilisateur est intéressé à minimiser la somme des temps dexécution de ses campagnes. Cela est motivé par le comportement de lutilisateur tandis que lexécution dune campagne peut être réglé par les résultats de la campagne précédente. Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous définissons un modèle théorique pour lordonnancement des campagnes sous des hypothèses restrictives et nous montrons que, dans le cas général, il est NP-difficile. Pour le cas mono-utilisateur, nous montrons que lalgorithme dapproximation pour le problème (classique) dordonnancement de processus parallèles fournit également le même rapport dapproximation pour lordonnancement des campagnes. Pour le cas général avec plusieurs utilisateurs, nous établissons un critère déquité inspiré par une situation idéalisée de partage des ressources. Ensuite, nous proposons un algorithme dordonnancement appelé FairCamp qui impose des dates limite pour les campagnes pour assurer léquité entre les utilisateurs entre les campagnes successives. La deuxième partie de ce travail explore un modèle dordonnancement de campagnes plus relâché et réaliste, avec des caractéristiques dynamiques. Pour gérer ce cadre, nous proposons un nouveau algorithme appelé OStrich dont le principe est de maintenir un ordonnancement partagé virtuel dans lequel le même nombre de processeurs est assigné à chaque utilisateur. Les temps dachèvement dans lordonnancement virtuel déterminent lordre dexécution sur le processeurs physiques. Ensuite, les campagnes sont entrelacées de manière équitable. Pour des travaux indépendants séquentiels, nous montrons que OStrich garantit le stretch dune campagne en étant proportionnel à la taille de la campagne et le nombre total dutilisateurs. Le stretch est utilisé pour mesurer le ralentissement par rapport au temps quil prendrait dans un système dédié. Enfin, la troisième partie de ce travail étend les capacités dOStrich pour gérer des tâches parallèles rigides. Cette nouvelle version exécute les campagnes utilisant une approche gourmande et se sert aussi dun mécanisme de redimensionnement basé sur les événements pour mettre à jour lordonnancement virtuel selon le ratio dutilisation du système.

O crescimento do número de parlamentares evangélicos ao longo das últimas legislaturas acompanha o crescimento populacional de brasileiros evangélicos em todo o Brasil. Esta lógica faz sentido a partir do momento em que o eleitorado evangélico passa a buscar opções e candidatos que possam vir a representar seus interesses no Parlamento em concordância com os princípios da religião, o que ocasiona, também o crescimento de candidatos que se utilizam do discurso da religião para atrair votos dos fiéis. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar se os candidatos evangélicos possuem um perfil de financiamento de campanha eleitoral diferente de outros candidatos. Mais especificamente, analisamos o volume de arrecadação dos candidatos evangélicos; assim como, as diferentes fontes de arrecadação de recursos; como o dinheiro é gasto nas campanhas; e se a arrecadação possui um efeito diferenciado nos votos obtidos e no sucesso eleitoral. Estudaremos as eleições de 2014 para os cargos de Deputado Estadual e Federal, realizando um estudo comparativo entre candidatos evangélicos e não evangélicos. A metodologia utilizada consistirá na regressão linear multivariada e, também, na regressão logística. / The growing number of evangelical parliamentarians over the past legislatures accompanies population growth of evangelical Brazilians. This happen from the moment that evangelical electorate goes to seek options and candidates who may represent their interests in Parliament in accordance with the principles of religion, and there is also the growth of candidates who use the religion speech to attract the votes of this group. This research aims to analyze whether the evangelical candidates have a different election campaign financing profile of other candidates. Moreover, we analyze the total funds of the evangelical candidates; as well as the different sources of fundraising; how money is spent in the campaigns; and whether the total funds have a different effect on votes and electoral success. We will study the 2014 elections for Federal Deputy and State Deputy, performing a comparative study between evangelical and non-evangelical candidates. The methodology will be multivariate linear regression and logistic regression.