Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1983. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-124).

The United States Department of Health and Human Services wrote Healthy People 2000 National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives. One major goal is to reduce the mortality rate for infants by reducing low birthweight. The disparities have been great when goals and objectives are applied to poor and minority populations. Objectives have been set to reduce risk factors associated with low infant birthweight. These include addressing inappropriate health practices, and appropriate nutrition for mother and infant. Forty-eight Asian and 50 Caucasian participants were compared for maternal diet, health practices, breastfeeding initiation and duration, and infant growth parameters. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results showed 39 (81.3%) of the Asians and 43 (86.0%) of the Caucasians were breastfeeding at least once a day. There was no significant difference in the reasons for cessation of breastfeeding between ethnicities. Diets were compared for kilocalories, protein, iron, calcium, vitamins A and C, and folate. Asian mothers had greater iron (13.13 mg) and vitamin A (2606.18 µg) intakes, along with a more nutrient dense diet overall. Caucasian mothers reported a greater calcium intake (1087.08 mg). ANOVA (one-way analysis of variance) revealed no significant differences in nutrient intakes. However, Multiple Range Test Analysis identified calcium intake of Asian breastfeeding women (767.40 mg) as significantly lower than that of Caucasian nonbreastfeeding women (1094.89 mg). Vitamin A intake was higher in nonbreastfeeding Asian women (2788.46 µg) than in nonbreastfeeding (1740.44 µg) and breastfeeding (845.75 µg) Caucasian women. Bivariate analysis revealed positive correlation between the Asian group and tobacco use during pregnancy. Mean height for age and mean weight for age were significantly greater in breastfed babies. Weight for height was not greater, indicating they are not proportionally different from their nonbreastfed peers.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 82 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-82). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

This study reports the findings of an investigation of ten polymorphic autosomal tetranucleotide short tandem repeat loci and Y chromosome haplotype diversity among the genetically diverse populations of UK Leicestershire caucasians, New Zealand Maori and other Polynesian Islanders. The ten autosomal loci were initially isolated and sequenced by the Utah Marker Development group. This present study optimised the methodology for use with unlabelled primers and submarine gel electrophoresis technology. Little or no previous population or forensic genetic research had been carried out incorporating the ten loci presented in this study.

Ce travail est une description du dialecte laze d’Arhavi, suivie de textes. Le laze appartient à la famille des langues caucasiques du sud (ou « kartvèles »), comme le mingrélien, le géorgien et le svane. Il est parlé dans le nord-est de la Turquie. Dans le recensement turc de 1965, qui représente la dernière statistique officielle, 85.108 personnes déclaraient parler cette langue.Le laze est une langue non écrite et en danger. Tous les locuteurs sont bilingues laze-turc ; les jeunes comprennent encore la langue mais ne la parlent pas.Jusqu’à présent, le laze nous était connu principalement à travers des descriptions soit anciennes, soit incomplètes. Le présent travail est la première étude approfondie d’un dialecte laze qui ne se limite pas à un aspect particulier de la grammaire.Dans la première partie, les points suivants sont successivement développés : la phonologie, les processus phonologiques et morphophonologiques, le syntagme nominal, les pronoms interlocutifs, démonstratifs et emphatique-réfléchi, les interrogatifs et indéfinis, les postpositions, les adverbes, le verbe fini, le verbe non fini, la phrase simple et la phrase complexe (relatives, circonstancielles, complétives et conditionnelles). Dans le chapitre sur le verbe fini, j’étudie en particulier le système des indices pronominaux, les tiroirs verbaux, les préverbes spatiaux et affirmatifs, les opérations sur la valence (moyen, applicatif, potentiel-déagentif, causatif), les verbes irréguliers et la formation des lexèmes verbaux, et je présente une classification morphologique des verbes. Une hypothèse est proposée pour expliquer l’origine de certains indices pronominaux suffixés. Dans le chapitre sur la phrase simple sont observées les propriétés syntaxiques des arguments nucléaires, en particulier des sujets non canoniques.Dans la seconde partie, je présente dix textes récoltés lors de voyages de terrain.Je situe mon analyse dans le cadre des grammaires à orientation typologique. En conséquence, je m’écarte de la tradition de description des langues caucasiques du sud, calquée sur la grammaire du géorgien, lorsque cela permet de mieux comparer les faits du laze à ce qui a pu être observé dans d’autres langues. / The present work is a grammatical description of the Arhavi dialect of Laz, together with texts. Laz belongs to the South Caucasian (or ‘Kartvelian’) language family, alongside Mingrelian, Georgian and Svan. It is spoken in north-east Turkey. In the 1965 Turkish census, the last official statistic, 85,108 persons identified themselves as speakers of Laz.Laz is an endangered and unwritten language. All speakers are bilingual in Turkish; young people still understand the language, but do not speak it.Up until now, the grammar of Laz has only been known from older or incomplete works. The present study is the first comprehensive description of a Laz dialect.In the first part of this study, the following topics are discussed: the phonology, the phonological and morphophonological processes, the noun phrase, the interlocutive (1st and 2nd person), demonstrative and emphatic-reflexive pronouns, the interrogative and indefinite pronouns, the postpositions, the adverbs, the finite verb, the non-finite verb, the simple sentence and the complex sentence (relative clauses, adverbial clauses, complement clauses and conditional clauses). In the chapter on finite verbs, particular attention is devoted to cross-referencing affixes, tenses, spatial and affirmative preverbs, valency-changing operations (middle, applicative, potential-deagentive, causative), irregular verbs and the formation of verbal lexemes, and a morphological classification of verbs is put forward. A hypothesis is proposed to explain the origin of some cross-referencing suffixes. In the chapter on simple sentences, I examine the syntactic characteristics of core arguments, in particular of non-canonical (dative) subjects.In the second part, I present ten texts which I collected during fieldwork.This study is typologically oriented. As a consequence, it sometimes departs from other works on South Caucasian languages, which are commonly based on traditional Georgian grammar, when it is helpful to compare Laz with what has been observed in other languages.

The air that humans exhale contains various chemical markers whose levels have been associated with various respiratory disorders. Therefore, measurement of these markers offers a potential method of examining airway disease status. Furthermore, exhaled breath offers the advantage of being easy to collect and non-invasive. Hence, these exhaled breath markers are potentially of significant clinical use in examining airways. Therefore, examination of exhaled breath has become the subject of intense study. Current research is targeting the development of methods and parameters for looking at these markers. The goal of this cross-sectional pilot study was to consider the variability in the measurement of these exhaled breath markers between members of different ethnic populations. Specifically, measurements of the exhaled breath marker Nitric Oxide (NO) were compared between two ethnic groups (Caucasian men versus men of African descent). Ten healthy men in each group were studied to examine whether baseline NO measurements differed between them. In this study, a cross-sectional design was used. The study sample consisted of young, healthy men with no history of environmental allergies, asthma, or lung diseases and no significant smoking history. A total of twenty-five men volunteered for the study, including fourteen men of Caucasian descent and eleven men of African descent. Because four men were excluded and one withdrew, ten men in each ethnic group were included in the final analysis. The source population from which the sample was drawn included students and workers. All participants were residing in Florida at the time of study. Ideally, the target population for this study was young, healthy, working men. Large inter-measurement variation was seen between the participants of each ethnic group. This was hypothesized to be attributed to a tri-modal distribution due to the existence of 3 populations of subjects: (1) asymptomatic with normal airways, where NO levels were under 30 parts per billion (ppb); (2) asymptomatic with airway pathology, where NO levels were over 30 ppb; and (3) asymptomatic just before the onset of an upper respiratory tract infection, where NO levels were over 60 ppb. This pilot study did not find statistically significant evidence that there is a difference in the baseline exhaled breath NO measurements between the two ethnic groups studied. Nonetheless, in participants with NO levels under 30 ppb the mean of the African group was found to be 7.6 ppb lower than the mean of the Caucasian group when attempts were made to exclude individuals with underlying airway pathology or imminent upper respiratory tract infection. In order to find statistical significance in the results, a power analysis using the standard deviation of 7.7 ppb that was found in this study indicates that at least thirty-two eligible participants with NO levels under 30 ppb would be required. Only 13 such participants were examined in this study, Thus, at least fifty eligible participants would be required to find significant results. The implication is that even though statistical significance was not achieved, the crude mean averages differed between the two groups in participants with NO levels under 30 ppb. This implies that a larger-scale well-designed study is warranted before NO is used in clinical settings in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients.

There is a general assumption that permanent teeth in children are emerging into the oral cavity earlier than the dates given in published scientific studies conducted many years ago. In the course of this research a rigorous experimental protocol was devised to provide reliable data collection and analysis methods and give contemporary emergence rate estimations with a strong scientific basis. In addition equations are presented to predict the chronological age of children using only the sex of the child and the number of permanent teeth present. Data was collected between April 1998 and July 2001 from 12,395 children between 4 and 15 years of age, in the Colchester area of the UK. The results show that the ages of emergence of the permanent teeth are later than previously assumed. This research also confirms previous research showing that girl's teeth emerge before boy's teeth, that there is no statistical difference in the age of emergence contra-lateral teeth in the same arch and that there is a statistical difference in the age of emergence of ipsi-lateral teeth in opposing arches.

Thesis (doctoral)--Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, 1984. / Errata slip: [1] leaf inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 480-490).

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MSc (Chemical Pathology))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Chemical Pathology / unrestricted

The problem of this study is to determine the relationship that may exist among the variables of racial status, puberty status, anthropometric measurements, and physical fitness. Particularly of interest are the anthropometric differences that may exist among Negroes and Caucasians and the effect that these differences may have upon physical fitness as measured by the AAHPER Physical Fitness Battery. Differences among racial groups and puberty groups will be determined by analysis of variance technique and relations among anthropometric measures and physical fitness components will be compared and determined by correlational techniques.