Image making using Computer Graphics has become extremely popular. Great advances in computer graphics have led to an increasing number of people using this medium. But Computer Graphics on its own is not art unless art principles are applied to it, as is the case with any other art medium. Studying art principles used in traditional paintings is an invaluable way of learning how to create images that tell a story, look believable, evoke appropriate emotions, and remain aesthetically alluring too. With that motivation in mind, a visual analysis of paintings of John Register, Jules Breton and Chris Peters was conducted to better understand their styles. Two paintings by each of the three artists were then selected for an in depth study and based on those, computer generated renderings were produced. Inspired by each artist's style, digital scenes were modeled, lit and rendered using 3D authoring tools. The final rendered images exhibit the lighting style unique to each of the three artists.

The goal of this thesis is to study the lighting styles used in three selected Edward Hopper paintings: Morning Sun, Summer Evening, and Night Windows and to create an original, three-dimensional scene lit in a similar style. For a general understanding of the reference paintings, visual analyses were conducted before studying the lighting styles depicted in them. During the process of conducting this lighting study, the lighting styles in the three reference paintings were closely examined and digitally reproduced. The artistic inspiration gained from these three paintings and the lessons learned from the reproduction process are integrated into the creation of the original work which serves as the final project of this thesis. Consequently, the final project displays the lighting style represented in those of the reference paintings, refined by this researcherâ s own style. This study defines an approach to develop the digital lighting that can dramatically enhance the moods in realistic scenes referenced by lighting in the three Hopperâ s paintings.

Animé, a style of Japanese animation, has begun to evolve into more than a simple animation. The stories found in animé have reached a level of complexity similar to traditional cinema. However, lighting in animé, has been minimal. Using computers to create animé, rather than creating it traditionally by hand, has allowed greater opportunities to be creative with lighting. Color and computer-generated (CG) effects can be integrated with traditional line drawings to create beautiful images in animé. Since cinematic lighting exhibits some of the finest examples of lighting, this thesis will analyze lighting styles from three different cinematographers and adapt them to three anim??e style scenes in 3D. The scenes will be modeled, lit, and rendered using Alias/Wavefront MAYATM, and textured using Adobe PhotoshopTM. The result will be a visual CG piece that adapts the lighting style of certain distinctive cinematographers, while retaining the look of animé.

I describe a procedure for compositing digital graphics into traditional artwork based on local characteristics of the art. This is based on understanding that variations in pictorial characteristics such as perspective, lighting and color, or style naturally occur in many examples of traditional artwork. The goal of this study is to create composites that are visually believable while showing that an object composited into one section of an image requires characteristics designed speci cally for that section. In order to show this, I examine four di erent case studies. Each case is a work of traditional art which I composite di erent computer graphic elements into. These CG elements range from simple primitive objects to complex character models.

Last year evolution of interactive 3D graphics became quicken when emerged high level programming language of interactive shaders and their creation tools. In this project I found out and chose all information about interactive shaders and their practice. I explored interactive shaders creation tools, analyzed Cg-HLSL programming language and how to practice it for three-dimensional graphics system. In this project I reviewed Cg and HLSL implementation and I built few examples of interactive shaders effects.

There are twenty standard amino acids that are the structural units of biomolecules and biomaterials such as proteins and peptide amphiphiles (PAs). The focus of this study was to develop accurate transferable coarse-grained (CG) models of those amino acids. In CG models, several atoms are represented together as a single pseudo-atom or "bead," which can allow the modeling of processes like self-assembly of biomolecules and biomaterials through reduction of degrees of freedom and corresponding increased computational speed. A 2:1 to 4:1 mapping scheme, in which a CG bead is comprised of two to four heavy atoms, respectively, and associated hydrogens, has been employed to represent functional groups in the amino acids. The amino acid backbone atoms are modeled as two beads while the side chains are modeled with one to three beads, and each terminus is modeled as one bead. The bonded parameters for the CG models were obtained from bond, angle, and dihedral distributions from all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of dipeptides. Non-bonded parameters were optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method to reproduce experimental properties (heat of vaporization, surface tension, and density) of analogues of the side chains, termini, and backbone groups of the amino acids. These CG models were used to study the self-assembly pathways and mechanisms of the PA c16-AHL3K3-CO2H in the presence of explicit CG water. / Master of Science / In this study, models of the amino acids were developed for computer simulations. In these models, the amino acids are represented as a collection of two or more “beads” bonded together rather than as a collection of atoms bonded together. The beads were created in such a way that their characteristics reflect those of the molecules and atom groups that they represent. This was accomplished in part by selecting parameters for each bead that approximately reproduce experimental properties (density, heat of vaporization, and surface tension) and structures (bonds and angles) of the molecules and atom groups of which they are representative. Amino acids can link together to form short segments, known as peptides, or longer chains that form proteins. The bead models that were developed in this study can be linked together in the same way. They can also be linked with other beads that represent other atom groups—carbon groups of a carbon chain, for example. Certain types of molecules known as peptide amphiphiles (PAs) are often composed of amino acids and a carbon chain. The amino acid bead models were created especially to study these molecules, so once the models were developed, they were used in computer simulations to represent PAs. Many types of PAs can automatically assemble into structures that resemble fibers, and it is this behavior in particular that was studied. By using these models in computer simulations, we are able to see things that cannot be seen in a lab with a microscope or other lab tools. This may help with future efforts to study and design molecules such as PAs which show promise for medical applications like drug delivery.

The GMRES method is a widely used iterative method for solving the linear systems, of the form Ax = b, especially for the solution of discretized partial differential equations. With an appropriate preconditioner, the solution of the linear system Ax = b can be achieved with less computational effort. Additive Schwarz Preconditioners have two good properties. First, they are easily parallelizable, since several smaller linear systems need to be solved: one system for each of the sub-domains, usually corresponding to the restriction of the differential operator to that subdomain. These are called local problems. Second, if a coarse problem is introduced, they are optimal in the sense that bounds on the convergence rate of the preconditioned iterative method are independent (or slowly dependent) on the finite element mesh size and the number of subproblems. We study certain cases where the same optimality can be obtained without a coarse grid correction. In another part of this thesis we consider inexact GMRES when applied to singular (or nearly singular) linear systems. This applies when instead of matrix-vector products with A, one uses A = A+E for some error matrix E which usually changes from one iteration to the next. Following a similar study by Simoncini and Szyld (2003) for nonsingular systems, we prescribe how to relax the exactness of the matrixvector product and still achieve the desired convergence. In addition, similar criteria is given to guarantee that the computed residual with the inexact method is close to the true residual. Furthermore, we give a new computable criteria to determine the inexactness of matrix-vector product using in inexact CG, and applied it onto control problems governed by parabolic partial differential equations. / Mathematics

Context. Studying the coma environment of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) is one of the primary scientific goals of the VIRTIS experiment on the ESA Rosetta mission. Aims. The distribution and variability of water vapour and carbon dioxide in the comet's coma are needed to estimate their production rate, abundances in the nucleus, and the spatial distribution of the active regions. Methods. Infrared emission lines from vibrational bands of water and carbon dioxide at 2.67 and 4.27 mu m, respectively, were observed by the VIRTIS-M imaging channel and mapped from close to the nucleus up to similar to 10 km altitude with a resolution of similar to 40 m/px. A dataset consisting of 74 observations in the 1 5 mu m spectral range acquired from 8 to 14 April 2015 when 67P was at a heliocentric distance of 1.9 AU is analysed in this work. A statistical correlation between the gas distribution and the surface's active regions was performed. Results. The maximum H2O emission is observed within 3 km from the nucleus and is mainly concentrated above two active regions, Aten-Babi and Seth-Hapi, while the CO2 distribution appears more uniform with significant emissions coming from both the "head" and southern latitude regions. In the equatorial region, the column densities of both species decrease with altitude, although CO2 decreases more rapidly than H2O. The calculated CO2/H2O column density ratios above Aten-Babi and Seth-Hapi are 2.4 +/- 0.6% and 3.0 +/- 0.7%, respectively. A value equal to 3.9 +/- 1.0% is observed at equatorial latitudes in the region encompassing Imothep. Conclusions. VIRTIS-M has mapped the distribution of water vapour and carbon dioxide around the nucleus of 67P with unprecedented spatial resolution. The different water and carbon dioxide outgassing above the surface, seen in the VIRTIS-M data, might be indicative of a different thermal history of the northern and southern hemispheres of 67P.

Estima-se que cerca de 12% dos corantes sintéticos têxteis se perdem entre os processos de produção e utilização, sendo dificil a avaliação do impacto gerado pela industria de manufatura ao meio ambiente. A benzidina, um composto reconhecidamente cancerígeno e mutagênico está presente em algumas centenas de composições de tintas listadas no color index. Apesar de muitos paises proibirem o uso da benzidina, como é o caso dos EUA que desde 1973 só permitem a sua produção para consumo próprio das empresas produtoras, países como o Brasil não possuem um controle tão eficiente da produção e uso de corantes a base de benzidina, sendo encontrada até mesmo em medicamentos de uso pediátrico. Optou-se por verificar a presença de benzidina nos córregos do Tijuco Preto e do Gregório porque em São Carlos existem duas industrias têxteis que dispõe os seus efluentes nos mesmos. Neste trabalho foi empregado o método de extração líquido-líquido em pH 9,5 para a determinação da benzidina em amostras de água. Foi utilizada a cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas para detectar e quantificar a benzidina nas amostras de água dos córregos do Tijuco Preto e do Gregório. Foi verificada a presença de benzidina nas amostras de água do córrego do Tijuco Preto e do córrego do Gregório nas concentrações da ordem de 0,0007 e 0,0006 mg L-1 respectivamente. / It is estimated that approximately 12% of synthetic textile dyes are lost between production and use, which makes the evaluation of the environmental impact of the textile industry difficult. Benzidine is a recognized carcinogen and mutagen, which can be found in a wide variety of dyes listed in the Color Index. A number of countries have banned the use of benzidines. This is true for USA (1973), which only permits production of benzidine for a companys own consumption. However, countries like Brazil do not have such an efficient control over the production and use of benzidine-based dyes, which can even be found in pediatric medicines. In this study, the presence of benzidines in the Tijuco Preto and Gregório streams (São Carlos city) was verified. These waterways were chosen due to the fact that two textile industries discharge their wastewater into these watercourses. In this study the liquid-liquid extraction method at pH 5 was employed for sample preparation and gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was used to detect and quantify benzidines in the collected water samples. The presence of benzidines was verified in both the Tijuco Preto and Gregório streams at concentrations of 0.0006 and 0.0007 mg L-1, respectively.

This thesis will go over the typical structure of a pipeline for a VFX company. The report will then compare this structure against a real VFX company’s own pipeline and discuss the choices that may push a company make unique changes to the typical pipeline structure. The goal of this thesis is to understand how a typical VFX pipeline is structured and to gain an understanding of the choices that leads to unique situations. • What does a typical VFX pipeline look like? • What can a real-world example look like? • What affects the structuring of a pipeline? / Denna rapport kommer att gå igenom den typiska strukturen av en pipeline hos ett VFX företag. Rapporten kommer sedan att jämföra denna strukturen emot ett riktigt VFX företags egna pipeline och diskutera dom val som leder till att företag ibland gör unika förändringar av den typiska pipelinen. Målet är att ta reda på hur en typisk VFX pipeline ser ut och få förståelse för dom val som leder till unika situationer • Hur ser en typisk VFX pipeline ut? • Hur kan en implementering av en pipeline se ut? • Vad är det som påverkar struktureringen av en pipeline? / <p>The VFX company and its employees which I had contact with wanted to remain anonymous.</p>