This research sets out to establish both the extent to which and the ways in which English Secondary schools have a school culture focusing upon sustainability. I visited three case study schools for six weeks each: these were carefully selected to represent a range of progress towards becoming sustainable schools. I visited two other ‘benchmark’ schools for two days each: these were chosen on the recommendations of school sustainability experts, and visiting them helped me judge the progress my case-study schools had made. I took an ethnographic approach to the research, conducting about 80 interviews with various members of my three case study schools, also consulting school documents and undertaking observations of lessons and other aspects of school life. I discovered that the case-study schools had generally made little progress on sustainability, with most school members unaware or uncertain of the basic principles of sustainability. The schools focused much more on students’ examination results and behaviour than sustainability. Leadership structures and formal student involvement in leadership at the case study schools were not conducive to sustainability. Links between campus operations and the taught curriculum were mostly absent, and where sustainability was included in lessons, it tended to be largely theoretical, with few references to its impact on the students and daily life. In the light of the case-study findings and a wide-ranging literature review, a series of recommendations are made, both for secondary schools and for national education policy. These relate, for example, to patterns of school leadership, to the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) of school leaders and teachers, to strengthening the role of sustainability in both the formal and informal curriculum, and to ensuring that students emerge better equipped for a world in which sustainability agendas will be of increasing importance.

This study intends to examine, discuss and compare how The Church of Sweden: Svenskakyrkan, and the co-church Evangeliska Fosterlandsstiftelsen (EFS) in north Sweden attractsmembers, especially the youth. The study rests on a hypothesis based on sociological theoriesthat EFS attracts more members due to its understanding of community, fellowship, belongingand identity.Scholars like Fredrik Modéus and Martin Modéus debates that the major transformations andchanges in The Church of Sweden in the twentieth century have affected the congregations’role and participation in the church. The view of the congregation as the centre of the churchhas shifted and the congregation have been given a more secondary role in the church. TheChurch of Sweden has developed a professionalism witch gives the congregation less space toparticipate and work voluntarily.To examine the hypothesis 10 qualitative interviews have been conducted with preachers andeducators from the two churches. The interviews were then analysed with hermeneutic andphenomenology as methods. The results show that the churches have different views on itscongregations and the participations of members; which affects the sense of fellowship andbelonging to the church. EFS view on voluntary work and fellowship can be two of thereasons EFS attracts new members.

No description available.

Estima-se que cerca de 12% dos corantes sintéticos têxteis se perdem entre os processos de produção e utilização, sendo dificil a avaliação do impacto gerado pela industria de manufatura ao meio ambiente. A benzidina, um composto reconhecidamente cancerígeno e mutagênico está presente em algumas centenas de composições de tintas listadas no color index. Apesar de muitos paises proibirem o uso da benzidina, como é o caso dos EUA que desde 1973 só permitem a sua produção para consumo próprio das empresas produtoras, países como o Brasil não possuem um controle tão eficiente da produção e uso de corantes a base de benzidina, sendo encontrada até mesmo em medicamentos de uso pediátrico. Optou-se por verificar a presença de benzidina nos córregos do Tijuco Preto e do Gregório porque em São Carlos existem duas industrias têxteis que dispõe os seus efluentes nos mesmos. Neste trabalho foi empregado o método de extração líquido-líquido em pH 9,5 para a determinação da benzidina em amostras de água. Foi utilizada a cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas para detectar e quantificar a benzidina nas amostras de água dos córregos do Tijuco Preto e do Gregório. Foi verificada a presença de benzidina nas amostras de água do córrego do Tijuco Preto e do córrego do Gregório nas concentrações da ordem de 0,0007 e 0,0006 mg L-1 respectivamente. / It is estimated that approximately 12% of synthetic textile dyes are lost between production and use, which makes the evaluation of the environmental impact of the textile industry difficult. Benzidine is a recognized carcinogen and mutagen, which can be found in a wide variety of dyes listed in the Color Index. A number of countries have banned the use of benzidines. This is true for USA (1973), which only permits production of benzidine for a companys own consumption. However, countries like Brazil do not have such an efficient control over the production and use of benzidine-based dyes, which can even be found in pediatric medicines. In this study, the presence of benzidines in the Tijuco Preto and Gregório streams (São Carlos city) was verified. These waterways were chosen due to the fact that two textile industries discharge their wastewater into these watercourses. In this study the liquid-liquid extraction method at pH 5 was employed for sample preparation and gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was used to detect and quantify benzidines in the collected water samples. The presence of benzidines was verified in both the Tijuco Preto and Gregório streams at concentrations of 0.0006 and 0.0007 mg L-1, respectively.

Estima-se que cerca de 12% dos corantes sintéticos têxteis se perdem entre os processos de produção e utilização, sendo dificil a avaliação do impacto gerado pela industria de manufatura ao meio ambiente. A benzidina, um composto reconhecidamente cancerígeno e mutagênico está presente em algumas centenas de composições de tintas listadas no color index. Apesar de muitos paises proibirem o uso da benzidina, como é o caso dos EUA que desde 1973 só permitem a sua produção para consumo próprio das empresas produtoras, países como o Brasil não possuem um controle tão eficiente da produção e uso de corantes a base de benzidina, sendo encontrada até mesmo em medicamentos de uso pediátrico. Optou-se por verificar a presença de benzidina nos córregos do Tijuco Preto e do Gregório porque em São Carlos existem duas industrias têxteis que dispõe os seus efluentes nos mesmos. Neste trabalho foi empregado o método de extração líquido-líquido em pH 9,5 para a determinação da benzidina em amostras de água. Foi utilizada a cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas para detectar e quantificar a benzidina nas amostras de água dos córregos do Tijuco Preto e do Gregório. Foi verificada a presença de benzidina nas amostras de água do córrego do Tijuco Preto e do córrego do Gregório nas concentrações da ordem de 0,0007 e 0,0006 mg L-1 respectivamente. / It is estimated that approximately 12% of synthetic textile dyes are lost between production and use, which makes the evaluation of the environmental impact of the textile industry difficult. Benzidine is a recognized carcinogen and mutagen, which can be found in a wide variety of dyes listed in the Color Index. A number of countries have banned the use of benzidines. This is true for USA (1973), which only permits production of benzidine for a companys own consumption. However, countries like Brazil do not have such an efficient control over the production and use of benzidine-based dyes, which can even be found in pediatric medicines. In this study, the presence of benzidines in the Tijuco Preto and Gregório streams (São Carlos city) was verified. These waterways were chosen due to the fact that two textile industries discharge their wastewater into these watercourses. In this study the liquid-liquid extraction method at pH 5 was employed for sample preparation and gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was used to detect and quantify benzidines in the collected water samples. The presence of benzidines was verified in both the Tijuco Preto and Gregório streams at concentrations of 0.0006 and 0.0007 mg L-1, respectively.

Målet med denna uppsats är att undersöka två EFS-föreningar som befinner sig i väckelse under 1950-talet. Det som studeras är hur styrelserna i Hortlax och Blåsmarks föreningar uttrycker sin självbild och gudsrelation i de verksamhetsberättelser som skrivs inför och presenteras vid föreningarnas årsmöten. Materialet undersöks med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Därefter anläggs Hjalmar Sundéns rollteori för att besvara syftet. Studien kommer fram till att styrelserna ger uttryck för en negativ självbild, som kan ha att göra med synen på människan som fallen. De behöver därför en nära relation med Gud. Resultatet visar även på att bibelorden får en tydlig funktion för styrelsemedlemmarna. Det genom att de sätter sig in i olika roller för att kunna tolka sin situation religiöst.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Welding is a metal joining process widely used in many manufacturing facilities around the world. It involves the process of heating the base and filler metals to a high temperature that leads to the formation of fumes. Welding emissions consist of gaseous pollutants and micron and sub-micron particles consisting of different heavy metals. Health risks associated with exposures to weld fume is well recognized in the literature. This research evaluates emissions and emission factors applicable to gas metal arc welding (GMAW) on AH 36 (mild steel) and 316 L (stainless steel). Emission factors evaluated consisted, total fume, chromium, cobalt, lead, manganese, and nickel. A weld fume chamber is used to capture the welding fumes onto a filter and then further analyzed to quantify the total fume and heavy metal emissions. Critical operating parameters such as current, voltage, shielding gas, welding speed, and contact tube to work distance (CTWD) were considered while evaluating emissions and emission factors. The parameters with greater influence on emissions are selected, and then the heavy metal emissions are quantified by varying those parameters using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and portable XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) analyzer. The heavy metal results from the ICP-AES and XRF are compared to explore the feasibility of using XRF analyzer in quantifying the heavy metals in welding fumes. Using the heavy metal emissions, the lifetime carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks are evaluated for the GMAW process. The mild steel (MS) and stainless steel (SS) statistical analysis results indicate current and voltage are most influencing parameters in generating the fumes in GMAW. This research found a significant linear relationship between ICP-AES and XRF heavy metal results. The lifetime carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks results indicate high potential health risks if not properly managed.

Due to the rapid economic growth and industrial development in China, the constantly soaring upGDP has made many people believe that the golden age of China has come. But along with the boomingdevelopment, the neglect and violation of the natural environment has brought intensive discussion and criticism.Moreover, during past decades, frequent natural disasters and extreme weathers resulting from human activitieshave made local dwellers suffer from economical loss, as well as physical harm. Thus more attention fromwithin the country has been drawn to the environmental issues; media reports, national debates and researcheshave been going on for years. Among which, the problem of air pollution has caught a large public concern,especially when the PM 2.5 in Chinese metropolises like Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xi’an etc. exceeded900 micrograms per cubic meter. In previous analysis of PM 2.5 pollutants in developing countries, it has beenfound that most of those aerosol particles are from the burning of fossil fuels and biomass, and in China’s case,coal burning has been blamed largely, due to the fact that the use of coal takes up about 70% of total energyconsumption. Based on data analysis and chemical ratio examination, this thesis is to find out the connectionbetween PM 2.5 and Coal burning in China’s capital city Beijing.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-22T14:14:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alailson Dantas.pdf: 1207742 bytes, checksum: dd96111e79eb0488c462e0a90329ca1a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-22T14:14:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alailson Dantas.pdf: 1207742 bytes, checksum: dd96111e79eb0488c462e0a90329ca1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / O presente trabalho propõe o estudo da utilização da cuproína na separação, preconcentração e determinação de cobre por espectrofotometria de absorção molecular em solução e espectrofotometria de absorção molecular em fase sólida. Em uma primeira etapa, estudou-se um sistema para espectrofotometria em solução, sendo que o cátion cobre (I) reage com a cuproína em pH 4,8 formando um complexo rosa, estável por cerca de 48 horas, com absorvância máxima em 545 nm e absortividade molar e = 6,25x103 L.mol-1.cm-1, contra um branco do reagente. A reação de complexação ocorre na presença de hidroxilamina, etanol, do tensoativo Triton-X100 e de EDTA. A determinação do cobre é possível numa faixa linear dinâmica que vai de 0,2 a até 5,0 mg.L-1, com um limite de detecção de 0,05 mg.L-1. A principal vantagem do procedimento sugerido é à eliminação da etapa de extração líquido ? líquido ou a eliminação da utilização de solventes orgânicos tóxicos, como dimetilformamida (DMF), para dissolução da cuproína. Em uma segunda etapa, estudaram-se três sistemas para separação, preconcentração e determinação de cobre por espectrofotometria em fase sólida, utilizando sílica funcionalizada C18 modificada com cuproína para retenção do quelato Cu(biq)2+, na presença de hidroxilamina e tampão acetato pH 4,8. As três metodologias propostas envolvem sistemas de análise por injeção em fluxo (FIA) com injetores e celas de fluxo artesanais, tornando os procedimentos rápidos, sensíveis, baratos e com baixo consumo de reagentes e baixa produção de resíduos. Estes estudos envolveram a comparação entre uma cela axial e uma cela plana, onde a primeira mostrou-se mais sensível, porém com muitos problemas de vazamento em função da alta impedância hidrodinâmica. Houve também a comparação das soluções de tiouréia/tampão acetato e Fe(III) / HCl como eluentes do Cu(I) retido na fase sólida modificada cuproína-C18 em uma cela plana. A solução ácida de Fe(III) mostrou-se mais eficiente que a tiouréia, pois não deixava resíduos e aumentava a vida útil da fase sólida modificada. / Salvador