Fast-paced lifestyles result in consumers replacing traditional meals with on-the-go snack foods. In general, snacks are higher in saturated fats and simple sugars, and pose health concerns for consumers, which prompts the need for healthy nutritious alternatives to common snacks. Proso millet is a nutritious, and fast growing gluten free cereal. Spent grain (SG), the main by-product of brewing and distilling, contains high amount of protein and insoluble fibers. This study utilized proso millet and spent grain in the production of an extruded expanded snack, demonstrating their appropriateness as an ingredient in food production. The first objective of this study was to determine the effect of extrusion processing conditions (moisture, barrel temperature, screw speed) on the physical, chemical, and functional properties of proso millet based extruded snack. The second objective of this research was to determine the effect of distiller’s spent grain (DSG) addition level and particle size on physicochemical and functional properties of extruded snacks. The third objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of spent grain type and particle size on the physicochemical and functional properties of extruded snacks. Samples were produced using a co-rotating twin-screw 25:1 L/D laboratory scale extruder.

Development of the swine and cattle industries has led to an increase of manure application to agricultural lands in Saskatchewan. Studies have been conducted to determine the nutrient benefits of swine manure application. However, a need was also identified for information on the effects of manure application on soil physical and chemical properties. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of repeated applications of manure on soil physical and chemical properties and to relate those effects to early plant growth and development.<p>Four experimental sites were used, representing the Dark Brown (Plenty), Brown (Riverhurst irrigated), Black (Dixon) and Gray (Melfort) Soil Zones of Saskatchewan, where liquid swine manure had been applied for four to seven years. At each site, treatments were 1) a control treatment, 2) a nitrogen based agronomic rate of manure application, 3) a high rate of manure application (2-4x the agronomic rate) and 4) a urea fertilizer treatment. At the Dixon site, the same two manure treatments with cattle manure were also examined.<p>Soil strength, as determined by penetration resistance measurements and barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) emergence were measured at two experimental sites (swine and cattle manure trials at Dixon, SK) in a field study. Penetration resistance was measured at 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm depths, 20, 39 and 123 days after seeding using a recording cone penetrograph. Twenty days after seeding, there were no significant differences among treatments at the 10, 15 and 20 cm depths. But, at the 5 cm depth, the control treatment had soil strength 0.11 MPa lower than the two manure rates. The manure treatments were not significantly different from the urea treatment. Thirty-nine days after seeding, the soil strength of the low rate manure treatment was 1.1 MPa greater than the control at the 10 cm depth, but not significantly different from the urea treatment. One hundred and twenty three days after seeding, the control treatment had greater soil strength than the high rate of manure at 5 and 10 cm depths by 0.28 and 0.71 MPa respectively. At the 20 cm depth, the high rate of manure had the greatest soil strength. Barley emergence on the two manured treatments did not differ significantly from the control. Aggregate size was measured in field samples collected from all sites. Aggregate size for the manured treatments did not differ from the control at any site.<p>Soil crust strength, flax emergence, infiltration rate, salinity, sodicity, coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE) and modulus of rupture were measured under controlled conditions in intact cores of soil removed from all five experimental sites. All soils were treated with a simulated rainfall from a Guelph Rainfall Simulator II. Following the simulated rainfall, crust strength was measured with a hand-held penetrometer. Soil crust strength was measured daily for 10 days as the cores dried. Repeated applications of liquid swine manure at either low or high rates decreased soil strength in the Plenty, Riverhurst and Melfort soils, and increased soil strength in the Dixon soil. Repeated applications of liquid swine manure at low rates caused flax emergence to decrease for the Riverhurst soil compared to its control and had no significant effect at the other sites. There were no notable differences in infiltration rates among treatments. Repeated applications of liquid swine manure caused salinity (EC) to increase slightly for the Plenty and Riverhurst soils, and sodicity (ESP) to increase slightly for the Melfort and Dixon soils relative to their control. The COLE and modulus of rupture measurements indicated no significant effects and were inconclusive due to difficulties in measurement. <p>None of the properties measured in any of the treatments exceeded threshold values for soil productivity, or where plant injury might be considered an issue. It is concluded that repeated (four to seven) annual applications of liquid swine or cattle manure would not cause any large alterations in soil strength, aggregation, infiltration, salinity, or sodicity that would affect early plant growth and development. This was supported by field and lab measurements of emergence that showed limited effect.

Development of the swine and cattle industries has led to an increase of manure application to agricultural lands in Saskatchewan. Studies have been conducted to determine the nutrient benefits of swine manure application. However, a need was also identified for information on the effects of manure application on soil physical and chemical properties. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of repeated applications of manure on soil physical and chemical properties and to relate those effects to early plant growth and development.<p>Four experimental sites were used, representing the Dark Brown (Plenty), Brown (Riverhurst irrigated), Black (Dixon) and Gray (Melfort) Soil Zones of Saskatchewan, where liquid swine manure had been applied for four to seven years. At each site, treatments were 1) a control treatment, 2) a nitrogen based agronomic rate of manure application, 3) a high rate of manure application (2-4x the agronomic rate) and 4) a urea fertilizer treatment. At the Dixon site, the same two manure treatments with cattle manure were also examined.<p>Soil strength, as determined by penetration resistance measurements and barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) emergence were measured at two experimental sites (swine and cattle manure trials at Dixon, SK) in a field study. Penetration resistance was measured at 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm depths, 20, 39 and 123 days after seeding using a recording cone penetrograph. Twenty days after seeding, there were no significant differences among treatments at the 10, 15 and 20 cm depths. But, at the 5 cm depth, the control treatment had soil strength 0.11 MPa lower than the two manure rates. The manure treatments were not significantly different from the urea treatment. Thirty-nine days after seeding, the soil strength of the low rate manure treatment was 1.1 MPa greater than the control at the 10 cm depth, but not significantly different from the urea treatment. One hundred and twenty three days after seeding, the control treatment had greater soil strength than the high rate of manure at 5 and 10 cm depths by 0.28 and 0.71 MPa respectively. At the 20 cm depth, the high rate of manure had the greatest soil strength. Barley emergence on the two manured treatments did not differ significantly from the control. Aggregate size was measured in field samples collected from all sites. Aggregate size for the manured treatments did not differ from the control at any site.<p>Soil crust strength, flax emergence, infiltration rate, salinity, sodicity, coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE) and modulus of rupture were measured under controlled conditions in intact cores of soil removed from all five experimental sites. All soils were treated with a simulated rainfall from a Guelph Rainfall Simulator II. Following the simulated rainfall, crust strength was measured with a hand-held penetrometer. Soil crust strength was measured daily for 10 days as the cores dried. Repeated applications of liquid swine manure at either low or high rates decreased soil strength in the Plenty, Riverhurst and Melfort soils, and increased soil strength in the Dixon soil. Repeated applications of liquid swine manure at low rates caused flax emergence to decrease for the Riverhurst soil compared to its control and had no significant effect at the other sites. There were no notable differences in infiltration rates among treatments. Repeated applications of liquid swine manure caused salinity (EC) to increase slightly for the Plenty and Riverhurst soils, and sodicity (ESP) to increase slightly for the Melfort and Dixon soils relative to their control. The COLE and modulus of rupture measurements indicated no significant effects and were inconclusive due to difficulties in measurement. <p>None of the properties measured in any of the treatments exceeded threshold values for soil productivity, or where plant injury might be considered an issue. It is concluded that repeated (four to seven) annual applications of liquid swine or cattle manure would not cause any large alterations in soil strength, aggregation, infiltration, salinity, or sodicity that would affect early plant growth and development. This was supported by field and lab measurements of emergence that showed limited effect.

Numerical descriptors, beginning with Wiener, and then named topological indices by Hosoya, have gained gradually increasing importance along with other descriptors for use in QSAR and QSPR studies. Being able to estimate the physical or chemical properties of a yet nonexistent substance as close as possible is very important due to huge consumption of time and money upon direct synthesis. In addition, one may face safety problem as in the case of explosives. There have been almost hundred topological indices so far in the chemical graph theory literature. However, there is no topological index which is generalizable to all kinds of molecules. In the present study, a novel topological index (TG Index) has been developed and applied to a wide range of organic molecules including explosives for modeling their physical, structural and molecular orbital properties. The index yielded quite successful correlation data with most of the properties considered in this study.

In vielen technischen Anwendungen werden Faserverbundwerkstoffe mit Hochleistungsfasern aus Carbon und AR-Glas eingesetzt, die aufgrund ihrer physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften ein hohes Festigkeitspotential aufweisen. Damit eröffnen sich neue Anwendungsgebiete, z. B. als textile Bewehrungen für Betonbauteile. Die Garnmaterialien müssen hohe sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen erfüllen. Dazu gehören u. a. eine ausreichende Tragfähigkeit unter Dauerlastbeanspruchung und eine hohe Temperaturbeständigkeit im Brandfall. Zur Spezifizierung dieser Eigenschaften wurden experimentelle Untersuchungen durchgeführt, deren Ergebnisse nachfolgend vorgestellt werden. / Due to their strong mechanical and chemical properties, fiber composite materials composed of high performance carbon and AR-glass fibers lend themselves to many technical applications. Potentially new and innovative application fields should be considered, such as textile reinforcements for concrete components. The yarn materials must meet high technical and safety standards, specifically sufficient load-bearing capabilities under long-term conditions and acceptable strength at high temperatures should fire occur. Research was conducted to document these characteristics. The results are presented in this paper.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:58:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 paleari_ag_me_arafo.pdf: 793753 bytes, checksum: 23f0598b1ea98fd46f7b8f717a6e8c30 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Muitas tentativas de incorporar agentes antimicrobianos a resinas acrilicas para base protetica tem sido realizadas visando prevenir inflamacoes nos tecidos orais de usuarios de proteses. Entretanto, essas substancias podem ser liberadas da resina acrilica e afetar suas propriedades mecanicas. O metacrilato 2-ter-butilaminoetilo (TBAEMA) e uma substancia policationica que pode apresentar atividade antimicrobiana a partir de grupos amina presentes em sua composicao. Objetivos: 1) investigar uma possivel uniao quimica entre o TBAEMA e a matriz de uma resina acrilica e avaliar a presenca de grupos amina na superficie dos especimes; 2) verificar os efeitos causados pela incorporacao de TBAEMA sobre a resistencia flexural e a temperatura de transicao vitrea (Tg) da resina acrilica. Material e Método: Foram confeccionados especimes a partir de uma resina acrilica termopolimerizavel (Lucitone 550) contendo diferentes concentracoes de TBAEMA (0%, 0,5%, 1%, 1,50%, 1,75% e 2%) e posteriormente foram submetidos a avaliacoes em Espectroscopia de Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), Espalhamento Superficial de Eletrons com Analise Quimica (ESCA) e Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC). A avaliacao de resistencia a flexao foi realizada de acordo com as normas ISO/FDIS 1567. Resultados: Atraves de FTIR, observou-se bandas de absorcao na regiao 1300-1320 cm-1 do espectro dos grupos de resina acrilica modificada. Diferentes indices de Nitrogenio foram observados na superficie dos especimes atraves de analises em ESCA. A Tg diminuiu de acordo com a incorporacao de TBAEMA. A resistencia a flexao foi avaliada por meio de analise de variancia a um fator (ANOVA) seguida pelo teste de Tukey (α= 0,05). Observou-se que a resistencia a flexao diminuiu significativamente apos a adicao de TBAEMA em concentracoes de 1%, 1,5%, 1,75% e 2% (p<0,05). Conclusão: Pode ser concluido que: 1) Houve evidencias... / Several attempts to incorporate antimicrobials agents into denture base resins have been reported in order to prevent inflammation of oral tissues in denture wearers. However, these substances may be released from acrylic resins and affect their mechanical properties. The 2-tertbutylaminoethyl methacrylate (TBAEMA) is a polycationic substance that may displays antimicrobial activity from pendant amino groups. Objectives: 1) to investigate the possible chemical bound of TBAEMA to the matrix of acrylic resin and to analyze the presence of amino groups on the specimen surface; 2) to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of TBAEMA on flexural strength and glass transition temperature (Tg) of an acrylic resin. Material and Methods: Specimens were prepared from a heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Lucitone 550) mixed to different concentrations of TBAEMA (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.50%, 1.75% and 2%) and were submitted to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analyses. Flexural strength tests were performed according to ISO/FDIS 1567 specifications. Results: FTIR analysis showed absorbance bands at 1300-1320 cm-1 in the spectrum of TBAEMA-modified acrylic resin groups. Different nitrogen ratios were observed on specimens surfaces by ESCA measurements. The Tg decreased with incorporation of TBAEMA. Flexural strength data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (α= .05). The flexural strength decreased with the addition of 1%, 1.5%, 1.75% e 2% of TBAEMA (p<0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that: 1) There was an evidence of copolymerization between acrylic resin and TBAEMA and the presence of nitrogen indicate that amine groups were found on the specimens surfaces; 2) Flexural strength and glass transition temperature were affected after... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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The content of this thesis is to compare the soil erodobility in conventional (CT) and soil protection tillage (minimum tillage-MT) in relation to soil organic matter (SOM) in the location of interest - Studená. The soil protection tillage has been used there since 1994 together with conventional. In 2009, the two variants of soil samples were taken from soil depths 0.05, 0.15 and 0.25 m. All soil properties, which may affect erosion or which are affected by it, were analyzed from these soil samples. In particular, this thesis focuses on the relationship between tillage and soil organic matter. There were studied some chosen physical properties as specific gravity and size fraction less than 0.01 mm just in relation to fractions of SOM and soil aggregations stability. Physical-chemical properties have been analyzed more deeply. Of these, special attention was paid to the soil organic matter by establishing a number of parametres and comparing them.