• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 2
  • Tagged with
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Desenvolvimento de método para análise e identificação das propriedades de materiais biológicos / Development of a method for analyzing and identifying the properties of biological materials

Maciejewski, Narco Afonso Ravazzoli 06 March 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Wagner Junior (wagner.junior@unioeste.br) on 2018-10-30T19:51:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 referencia.pdf: 27563 bytes, checksum: 74f45da034fcc5757becd278cfad8b50 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-30T19:51:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 referencia.pdf: 27563 bytes, checksum: 74f45da034fcc5757becd278cfad8b50 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-06 / Information derived from the analysis of the mechanical behavior of biological tissues increases the efficiency of diagnosis, as well as of clinical and surgical treatments. The importance of this resides in the fact that, in many organs such as the colon, the rupture of tissues is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. In this context, several mechanical tests are used to evaluate the mechanical resistance of biological tissues. However, most of the existing tests are susceptible to criticism, since these materials have microstructures with heterogeneous and anisotropic characteristics. In this way, based on the knowledge that the majority of biological tissues present a non-linear viscoelastic mechanical behavior, a new method was proposed in this work for the analysis and identification of the properties of these materials. The proposed method aims to analyze curves generated by means of mechanical traction tests of biological tissues under constant speed. Its originality is based on the mathematical modeling of these tissues behavior and the discretization of the function in three regions, which are characterized by elastic, elastoplastic and leakage periods. This methodological process enabled to detect constants of proportionality in the elastic and elastoplastic regions, denominated as tissue elasticity (KT ) and tissue stiffness (KR). The proposed method was applied to a case study using data derived from descending colon segments of 20 rats, obtained through the Total Energy of Rupture (ETR) biomechanical test. Initially, the mathematical modeling was performed with the Boltzmann sigmoidal model for all curves. Then, with these adjustments, the coefficients of determination of each function were calculated, along with its average and respective standard deviation (R2 = 0, 9975 +/- 0; 0021). After these procedures,the curve, in its integrality, was discretized by first and second order numerical derivation for each point of the curve. Then the elastic regions were determined, and the mean relative to the remainder of the curve was calculated (6; 9120 +/- 1; 2577%), as well as the mean of the constant KT (34; 5437 +/- 3; 7547gf=cm). The same procedure was performed for the elastoplastic regions (mean = 89; 3334 +/- 5; 3974% and the KR = 87; 8945 +/- 8; 1226gf=cm). After these procedures, it was possible to construct a standard curve, with lower and upper limits, to describe the mechanical behavior of the intestinal rings of rats with the average Boltzmann model parameters for each curve. According to the criteria evaluated, the proposed method for the analysis and identification of non-linear viscoelastic materials properties showed to be accurate and reliable, as the mechanical properties of these materials were fully analyzed employing the method proposed in this work. / Informações provenientes da análise do comportamento mecânico de tecidos biológicos proporcionam o aumento da eficiência de diagnósticos e de tratamentos clínicos e cirúrgicos. A importância disso está no fato de que em muitos órgãos, como o cólon, a ruptura de seus tecidos está associada a altos índices de morbidade e mortalidade. Nesse contexto, diversos ensaios mecânicos são utilizados para avaliar a resistência mecânica de tecidos biológicos. No entanto, grande parte dos testes existentes são passíveis de críticas, pois esses materiais possuem microestruturas com características heterogêneas e anisotrópicas. Desse modo, com o conhecimento de que a maioria dos tecidos biológicos apresentam comportamento mecânico viscoelástico não linear, foi proposto um novo método para a análise e a identificação das propriedades desses materiais. O método proposto tem como objetivo analisar as curvas geradas por meio de ensaios mecânicos de tração sob velocidade constante de tecidos biológicos e a originalidade está fundamentada na modelagem matemática e na discretização da função em três regiões, caracterizadas pelos períodos elástico, elastoplástico e de escoamento do comportamento desses tecidos. Assim, foi possível detectar nas regiões elástica e elastoplástica constantes de proporcionalidade, sendo estas denominadas elasticidade tecidual (KT ) e rigidez tecidual (KR), respectivamente. Um estudo de caso foi realizado com dados provenientes de segmentos de cólon descendente de 20 ratos, obtidos por meio do ensaio biomecânico Energia Total de Ruptura (ETR). Inicialmente, a modelagem matemática foi realizada com o modelo sigmoidal de Boltzmann para todas as curvas, e, com esses ajustes, foram então calculados os coeficientes de determinação de cada função e a sua média com o respectivo desvio padrão (R2 = 0, 9975+/-0; 0021). Posteriormente, a curva, na sua integralidade, foi discretizada por meio da derivação numérica de primeira e de segunda ordem para cada ponto da mesma, e, assim, as regiões elásticas foram determinadas e a média calculada (6, 9120+/-1; 2577%) em relação ao restante da curva, assim como a média da constante KT (34, 5437 +/- 3; 7547gf=cm). O mesmo procedimento foi aplicado para as regiões elastoplásticas alcançando a média de 89, 3334 +/- 5; 3974% e o KR = 87, 8945 +/- 8; 1226gf=cm. Após, foi possível a construção de uma curva padrão, com os limites inferior e superior, para descrever o comportamento mecânico de alças intestinais de ratos com a média dos parâmetros do modelo de Boltzmann para cada curva. Sendo assim, de acordo com os critérios avaliados, o método proposto para a análise e identificação das propriedades de materiais viscoelásticos não lineares se mostrou preciso e confiável, pois as propriedades mecânicas desses materiais foram integralmente analisadas por meio do método proposto nesse trabalho.
2

?leo terminal de pacientes submetidos ? colonoscopia: aspectos endosc?picos, histol?gicos e cl?nicos.

Melo, Marcelo Maia Caixeta de 26 October 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelomaiacaixetamelo_dissert.pdf: 1810009 bytes, checksum: 1014c04abf9e0627459b0eaa88a963d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-26 / The ileum is approximately the most distal three-fifths of the small intestine and is responsible for digestion and the absorption of foods. The diagnosis of diseases that affect this segment can be achieved by clinical evaluation and complementary examinations. Colonoscopy, not only allows macroscopical analysis, but also enables biopsies to be carried out for histological evaluation. Objective: The objective of this research was to study the terminal ileum of patients submitted to colonoscopy in respect to: 1) correlation of endoscopic and histological parameters; 2) compatibility between the initial histological results evaluation and a review of slides; 3) the chance of individuals with normal ileoscopy and abdominal pain and/or chronic diarrhea presenting with histological alterations. Casuistic and Method: Patients submitted to colonoscopy for varying reasons were prospectively studied. During this examination 47 (42.3%) male and 64 (57.7%) female patients, with ages ranging between 14 and 82 years old (mean 51.6 ? 15 years), were selected with the terminal ileum mucous smooth and without enanthema at endoscopic examinations. Biopsies of the ileal mucosa were obtained for these individuals with the slides being routinely examined during data collection and later reviewed. Results: The correlation between patients with normal xiii ileoscopy and histologically normal ileum was 34.2%. When patients with histologically normal ileum and mild ileitis were analyzed, the correlation was 99.1%. The agreement between the initial histological evaluation and review of slides in respect to normal ileum and mild or moderate ileitis according to the Kappa test was 0.10 (poor agreement). Considering the normal ileum together with mild ileitis and moderate ileitis Groups, the agreement was 0.21 (fair agreement). In patients with normal ileoscopy and abdominal pain and/or chronic diarrhea, the chance of presenting histological alterations by Odds Ratio calculation, was 2.5 times higher than for asymptomatic individuals or those with other symptoms. Conclusions: In patients with the terminal ileum mucosa smooth without enanthema, the correlation between endoscopic and histological findings was high. The concordance between the initial histological results evaluation and the review of slides was not good. The chance of individuals with normal ileoscopy and abdominal pain and/or chronic diarrhea, presenting histological alterations was greater than for asymptomatic individuals or those with other symptoms. / ?leo compreende cerca de 3/5 distais do intestino delgado, sendo respons?vel pela digest?o e absor??o de alimentos. O diagn?stico de doen?as que afetam esse segmento pode ser feito por meio de avalia??o cl?nica e exames complementares. A colonoscopia, al?m da possibilidade de an?lise macrosc?pica, permite realiza??o de bi?psias para avalia??o histol?gica. Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar o ?leo terminal de pacientes submetidos ? colonoscopia considerando: 1) correla??o endosc?pica e histol?gica; 2) concord?ncia entre resultados da avalia??o histol?gica inicial e revis?o de l?minas; 3) chance de indiv?duos com ileoscopia normal, portadores de dor abdominal e ou diarr?ia cr?nica apresentarem altera??es histol?gicas. Casu?stica e M?todo: Foram estudados prospectivamente pacientes submetidos ? colonoscopia por diversas indica??es. Durante esse exame foram selecionados 111 pacientes, sendo 47 (42,3%) do sexo masculino e 64 (57,7%) do feminino, com idade entre 14 e 82 anos (51,6 ? 15 anos), que apresentaram ao exame endosc?pico do ?leo terminal mucosa lisa, sem enantema. Foram realizadas bi?psias da mucosa ileal nesses indiv?duos, sendo as l?minas examinadas rotineiramente durante coleta de dados e revisadas posteriormente. Resultados: A correla??o entre pacientes com ileoscopia normal e ?leo histologicamente normal foi 34,2%. Quando a somat?ria dos pacientes com xi ?leo histologicamente normal e ile?te leve foi analisada, constatou-se correla??o de 99,1%. A concord?ncia entre avalia??o histol?gica inicial e revis?o de l?minas considerando-se ?leo normal, ile?te leve e ile?te moderada pelo teste de Kappa foi 0,10 (concord?ncia pobre). Considerando os grupos ?leo normal-ile?te leve e ile?te moderada, a concord?ncia foi 0,21 (concord?ncia razo?vel). Nos pacientes com ileoscopia normal, portadores de dor abdominal e ou diarr?ia cr?nica, a chance de apresentarem altera??es histol?gicas, pelo c?lculo da Odds Ratio, foi 2,5 vezes maior em rela??o ?queles assintom?ticos e ou com outros sintomas. Conclus?es: Nos pacientes com mucosa do ?leo terminal lisa, sem enantema, a correla??o entre achados endosc?picos e histol?gicos foi elevada. A concord?ncia entre resultados da avalia??o histol?gica inicial e revis?o de l?minas n?o foi satisfat?ria. A chance de indiv?duos com ileoscopia normal, portadores de dor abdominal e ou diarr?ia cr?nica, apresentarem altera??es histol?gicas foi maior em rela??o ?queles assintom?ticos e ou com outros sintomas.

Page generated in 0.1029 seconds