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Denna rapport har sitt ursprung i det kodefaktoriseringsarbete som utfärdats våren 2013 som examensarbete i dataingenjörsprogrammet vid Örebro Universitet. Arbetet utfärdades på Nethouse i Örebro, och hade stort fokus på koddesign och kodkvalitet. I rapporten diskuteras vilka faktorer som påverkar hur underhållbar och läsbar en kod är, men också hur man på ett rimligt sätt kan utvärdera och mäta kodkvalitet. Den teoretiska biten blandas med den praktiska, där läsaren introduceras för ett flertal metoder, och hur dessa sedan implementerades i det faktiska projektet som Nethouse tillhandahöll. / This report has its origins in the code refactoring work issued in spring 2013 as a Degree Project in the Computer Engineering Programme, at Örebro University. The work took place at Nethouse in Örebro, and had a major focus on code design, and code quality. The report discusses the factors that affect how maintainable and readable a code is, but also how to reasonably evaluate and measure code quality. The theory is mixed with the practical, where the reader is introduced to a variety of methods, and how these were then implemented in the actual project that Nethouse provided.

INTRODUCTION Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of an infant‟s life is recognized by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the United Nations Children‟s Fund (UNICEF) as the most effective and essential strategy for optimal growth and prevention of infant mortality. One of the factors that influences a mothers choice to exclusively breastfeed her child, is the marketing of breast milk substitutes. The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (ICMBS) was developed to promote, protect and support EBF. Although South Africa (SA) has voluntarily adopted the ICMBS in 1981 to help protect and promote EBF, the exclusive breastfeeding rates in SA remain very low (<8%). In a renewed attempt to protect and promote exclusive breastfeeding in SA, the code has been legislated in December 2012 to ensure compliance. AIM To assess the extent of ICMBS violations in health facilities in four Provinces in SA. DESIGN This was cross-sectional study. A purposive stratified cluster sample of eight to twelve health facilities was drawn in four Provinces (Gauteng, North-West, Free-State and Eastern Cape) in SA. Fixed structured interviews were conducted by trained fieldworkers with three health workers from each of the 40 health facilities to determine the extent of ICMBS violations as well as awareness of the ICMBS. The receipt of free gifts, free/low cost supplies/samples of formula milk, bottles or teats, and free materials or equipment from companies who sell breast-milk substitutes (BMS), infants foods/drinks and bottles or teats (violation of articles 6.2, 6.3, 6.6, 6.8, 7.3 and 7.4 of the ICMBS) were determined. RESULTS A total number of four violations were reported by four health workers from three of the 40 health facilities (7.5%). ICMBS violations were reported only in Gauteng Province with no violations in North West, Free State or Eastern Cape Province. All four violations involved the receipt of free gifts for personal use (including a pen, booklet, calendars and booklet/poster) from a BMS company (Nestlé), violating article 7.3 of the ICMBS. Health workers from four health facilities also reported the receipt of information materials and/or equipment for use in the facility, including leaflets, maternal and infant feeding product booklets and water bags from Nestlé. However, since the brand name of a product within the scope of the ICMBS was not visible on any of the materials or equipment, none of these gifts constituted a violation. In terms of ICMBS awareness, 46 health workers (38%), including the four health workers who received gifts, from 19 health facilities situated mainly in Eastern Cape and Gauteng Province were familiar with the ICMBS. CONCLUSIONS Violations were reported in 7.5% of health facilities, including the health facilities where health workers were aware of the code. Implementation and training of the ICBMS in health facilities is there for warranted. / MSc (Nutrition), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) contributes towards reducing infant and young child mortality however global EBF rates are sub-optimal. One of the factors that influences a mothers‟ choice to exclusively breastfeed her child, is the marketing of breast milk substitutes. The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (ICMBS) was developed to promote, protect and support EBF. Although South Africa has adopted the ICMBS, the Code was only legislated in December 2012 to ensure compliance. Aim: To do a baseline assessment of the extent of ICMBS violations in the South African advertising media including magazines, newspapers, television (TV) and radio. Methods: In this cross-sectional study data were collected on multiple occasions. Data were collected by means of recording and/or screening daily broadcasts from four TV channels (SABC 1, 2, 3 and e.tv), nine commercial radio stations, 116 different magazines and 10 different newspapers for ICMBS violations. This study was done within a period of four months between November 2012 and January 2014. Violations pertaining to advertising media include advertising or promoting infant formula, other milk products marketed for children up to 36 months of age (e.g. growing-up milk or follow-on milk), foods for infants younger than six months, any other food or beverages marketed or represented to be suitable for the use as partial or total replacements of breast milk, and feeding bottles and teats to the general public (article 5.1 of the ICMBS). Results: A total number of 30 violations were identified from 117 baby product advertisements that were published in eight of the 169 screened magazines. No violations were found from advertisements on TV, radio or in newspapers. The majority of advertisements that violated article 5.1 of the ICMBS, were advertisements of feeding bottles (60%), followed by advertisements of growing-up milk (20%) and feeding teats (16.7%). Only one violation (3.3%) was an advertisement of infant food for infants younger than six months. Advertisements with violations were advertising baby products from 11 different companies. More than half of the violations (56.7%) were published in two editions from the same magazine, or inserts within that magazine, who‟s target group was pregnant women. Eight advertisements with violations (26.6%) were published in family magazines, three (10%) were published in baby magazines, and two (6.7%) were published in lifestyle magazines. Conclusion: According to the present baseline study, ICMBS violations were only found in a small percentage (4.7%) of magazines targeted mainly at pregnant women. However, although the present study included the majority of available South African magazines distributed in South Africa, not all the available newspapers, TV channels and radio stations were included in the sample size. The true extent of ICMBS violations in the South African advertising media may therefore be higher. It can also not be concluded that BMS companies use only magazines to advertise products pertaining to the scope of the ICMBS. A follow-up study need to determine the impact of legislating the Code on ICMBS violations in advertising media. / MSc (Nutrition), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

INTRODUCTION Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of an infant‟s life is recognized by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the United Nations Children‟s Fund (UNICEF) as the most effective and essential strategy for optimal growth and prevention of infant mortality. One of the factors that influences a mothers choice to exclusively breastfeed her child, is the marketing of breast milk substitutes. The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (ICMBS) was developed to promote, protect and support EBF. Although South Africa (SA) has voluntarily adopted the ICMBS in 1981 to help protect and promote EBF, the exclusive breastfeeding rates in SA remain very low (<8%). In a renewed attempt to protect and promote exclusive breastfeeding in SA, the code has been legislated in December 2012 to ensure compliance. AIM To assess the extent of ICMBS violations in health facilities in four Provinces in SA. DESIGN This was cross-sectional study. A purposive stratified cluster sample of eight to twelve health facilities was drawn in four Provinces (Gauteng, North-West, Free-State and Eastern Cape) in SA. Fixed structured interviews were conducted by trained fieldworkers with three health workers from each of the 40 health facilities to determine the extent of ICMBS violations as well as awareness of the ICMBS. The receipt of free gifts, free/low cost supplies/samples of formula milk, bottles or teats, and free materials or equipment from companies who sell breast-milk substitutes (BMS), infants foods/drinks and bottles or teats (violation of articles 6.2, 6.3, 6.6, 6.8, 7.3 and 7.4 of the ICMBS) were determined. RESULTS A total number of four violations were reported by four health workers from three of the 40 health facilities (7.5%). ICMBS violations were reported only in Gauteng Province with no violations in North West, Free State or Eastern Cape Province. All four violations involved the receipt of free gifts for personal use (including a pen, booklet, calendars and booklet/poster) from a BMS company (Nestlé), violating article 7.3 of the ICMBS. Health workers from four health facilities also reported the receipt of information materials and/or equipment for use in the facility, including leaflets, maternal and infant feeding product booklets and water bags from Nestlé. However, since the brand name of a product within the scope of the ICMBS was not visible on any of the materials or equipment, none of these gifts constituted a violation. In terms of ICMBS awareness, 46 health workers (38%), including the four health workers who received gifts, from 19 health facilities situated mainly in Eastern Cape and Gauteng Province were familiar with the ICMBS. CONCLUSIONS Violations were reported in 7.5% of health facilities, including the health facilities where health workers were aware of the code. Implementation and training of the ICBMS in health facilities is there for warranted. / MSc (Nutrition), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) contributes towards reducing infant and young child mortality however global EBF rates are sub-optimal. One of the factors that influences a mothers‟ choice to exclusively breastfeed her child, is the marketing of breast milk substitutes. The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (ICMBS) was developed to promote, protect and support EBF. Although South Africa has adopted the ICMBS, the Code was only legislated in December 2012 to ensure compliance. Aim: To do a baseline assessment of the extent of ICMBS violations in the South African advertising media including magazines, newspapers, television (TV) and radio. Methods: In this cross-sectional study data were collected on multiple occasions. Data were collected by means of recording and/or screening daily broadcasts from four TV channels (SABC 1, 2, 3 and e.tv), nine commercial radio stations, 116 different magazines and 10 different newspapers for ICMBS violations. This study was done within a period of four months between November 2012 and January 2014. Violations pertaining to advertising media include advertising or promoting infant formula, other milk products marketed for children up to 36 months of age (e.g. growing-up milk or follow-on milk), foods for infants younger than six months, any other food or beverages marketed or represented to be suitable for the use as partial or total replacements of breast milk, and feeding bottles and teats to the general public (article 5.1 of the ICMBS). Results: A total number of 30 violations were identified from 117 baby product advertisements that were published in eight of the 169 screened magazines. No violations were found from advertisements on TV, radio or in newspapers. The majority of advertisements that violated article 5.1 of the ICMBS, were advertisements of feeding bottles (60%), followed by advertisements of growing-up milk (20%) and feeding teats (16.7%). Only one violation (3.3%) was an advertisement of infant food for infants younger than six months. Advertisements with violations were advertising baby products from 11 different companies. More than half of the violations (56.7%) were published in two editions from the same magazine, or inserts within that magazine, who‟s target group was pregnant women. Eight advertisements with violations (26.6%) were published in family magazines, three (10%) were published in baby magazines, and two (6.7%) were published in lifestyle magazines. Conclusion: According to the present baseline study, ICMBS violations were only found in a small percentage (4.7%) of magazines targeted mainly at pregnant women. However, although the present study included the majority of available South African magazines distributed in South Africa, not all the available newspapers, TV channels and radio stations were included in the sample size. The true extent of ICMBS violations in the South African advertising media may therefore be higher. It can also not be concluded that BMS companies use only magazines to advertise products pertaining to the scope of the ICMBS. A follow-up study need to determine the impact of legislating the Code on ICMBS violations in advertising media. / MSc (Nutrition), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / A radiolocation problem using DS-CDMA waveforms with array-based receivers is considered. It is assumed that M snapshots of N(s) Nyquist sample long data are available, with a P element antenna array. In the handshaking radiolocation protocol assumed here, data training sequences are available for all K users. As a result, the received spatial-temporal matrix R ∈ C^(MN(s)x P) is approximated by a sum of deterministic signal matrices S(k)^b ∈ C^(MN(s) N(s)) multiplied by unconstrained array response matrices A(k) ∈ C^(N(s)x P). The unknown delays are not estimated directly. Rather, the delays are implicitly approximated as part of the symbol-length long channel, and solutions sparse in the rows of A are thus sought. The resulting ML cost function is J = ||R - ∑(k=1)^K S(k)^bA(k)||(F). The Generalized Successive Interference Cancellation (GSIC) algorithm is employed to iteratively estimate and cancel multiuser interference. Thus, at the k-th GSIC iteration, the index p(k) = arg min(l ≠ p(1),...,p(k-1)) {min(A(l)) ||R^k-S(l)^bA(l)||(F)} is computed, where R^k = ∑(l=1)^(k-1) S(pl)^bÂ(pl). Matching pursuits is embedded in the GSIC iterations to compute sparse channel/steering vector solutions Â(l). Simulations are presented for DS-CDMA signals received over channels computed using a ray-tracing propagation model.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / GLONASS is similar to GPS in many aspects such as system configuration, navigation mechanism, signal structure, etc.. There exists the possibility of receiving and processing GLONASS signals with GPS technology. The frequency plan of the GLONASS system is different from that of GPS. This makes the front-end of GLONASS receiver more complicated. The work here manifests our initial effort in GLONASS receiving. A design scheme is proposed of a C/A code GLONASS receiver.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / In this paper, a new coherent correlation-loop architecture for tracking direct-sequence spread-spectrum signals is proposed. In the proposed correlation loop model, the mean-square tracking error is minimized by varying the cross-correlation function between the received signal and the locally generated signal. The locally generated signal is produced by passing a replica of the transmitted signal through a linear time-invariant filter, which is termed the VCC filter. The issue of bandwidth of a correlation loop is addressed and a bandwidth definition for comparative purposes is introduced. The filter characteristics to minimize the tracking errors are determined using numerical optimization algorithms. This work demonstrates that the amplitude response of the VCC filter is a function of the input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In particular, the optimum filter does not replicate a differentiator at finite signal-to-noise ratio as is sometimes assumed. The optimal filter characteristics and the knowledge of the input SNR can be combined to produce a device that has very low probability of loosing lock.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper proposes a problem that the error tolerance property of spread spectrum sequence influences the performance of spread spectrum system. Then the relation is analyzed between the error tolerance property and the correlation property of binary sequence when correlation detection is proceeded, and the theoretical limitation of error tolerance is given. Finally, we investigate the relationship between the determination of the output decision threshold of correlation, the probability of correlation peak detection and the error tolerance of the spread spectrum sequence.