Syfte: Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka hur information kan hanteras med ett integrerat affärssystem till stöd för controllers och personer med ledande befattningar. Metod: Vi genomförde en fallstudie där vi intervjuade controllers och personer med ledande befattningar på WSP. Detta för att kartlägga de informationsbehov som finns utifrån deras centrala arbetsuppgifter. Med utgångspunkt från en teoretisk referensram och med vetskap om deras informationsbehov analyserade vi hur information kan hanteras med hjälp av ett integrerat affärssystem till stöd för dem. Resultat: För personer med ledande befattningar handlar det ofta om att få information för att ta sig till beslut, och de behöver oftast olika sorters information. Controllern har en central roll för att hantera och vidarebefordra information, och det är viktigt att det finns bra verktyg för att hantera och distribuera information. Ett integrerat affärssystem kan vara till stöd för hantering och spridning av information, och vid utformandet av affärssystemet är det viktigt att skapa en presentation av informationen som stimulerar användaren och ger möjlighet för användaren att förstå dess innehåll. Informationen kan få ett högre eller lägre värde beroende på huruvida informationen presenteras ihop med annan information eller inte. Det är viktigt att uppmärksamma väsentlig information och automatisera informationshantering så att controllers och chefer kan bli mer organiserade i sitt arbete och spara tid.

The idea to develop  a platform for a PID-controller came from the need to control the temperature in  an espresso machine in a more exact way than a thermostat could perform. In discussions with Syntronic AB the idea developed into PID-control for industrial use. Syntronic AB suggested that the platform should be based on a commercially available processor module to shorten the development time. The suggestion included the use of the microcomputer Raspberry Pi, which supports USB, HDMI, memory card and Ethernet. The work began with establishing a schedule for the 10 weeks of the projects duration, and after that a system specification listing all functions, implementation and limitations was made. When the foundation of the system specification was done, a preliminary system design took shape. Because of the Raspberry Pi´s lack of Analog-to-Digital converter, a circuit board containing Wheatstone bridges, differential amplifiers and a two channel Analog-to-Digital converter was fabricated. The choice of Operative System fell on Linux Raspbian Wheezy, a popular Linux distribution with good documentation. Embedded programming was made solely in C language, Nginx was used as server application making it possible to show real-time graph and receive parameter input from a webpage. The webpage was written in PHP and JavaScript for server and client side respectively. To evaluate the PID-controller it was mounted inside an espresso machine where it controlled the temperature of the boiler. Aiming for a short settling time, parameters for the PID-controller was produced by testing. / Idén till att utveckla en plattform för PID-reglering föddes ur tanken att kunna styra temperaturen i en espressomaskin på ett mer exakt sätt än vad en termostat förmår. Vid samtal med Syntronic AB utarbetades iden till att handla om PID-reglering för generella applikationer för industriellt bruk. Syntronic AB gav förslag om att basera reglersystemet på en kommersiellt tillgänglig processormodul för att minska utvecklingstiden. Förslaget innefattade mikrodatorn Raspberry Pi, som har stöd för USB, HDMI, minneskort och Ethernet.   Arbetet började med att upprätta en tidsplan för de tio veckor projektet pågick, sedan påbörjades en kravspecifikation som specificerar systemets alla funktioner, utförande och begränsningar. När grunderna i kravspecifikationen var klara togs en preliminär systemdesign fram. Eftersom nämnd mikrodator saknar en analog/digital-omvandlare konstruerades ett kretskort där kretsar för Wheatstone-bryggor, ADC, differentialförstärkare, ingångar och utgångar placerades. Val av operativsystem föll på Linux Raspbian Wheezy, då denna distribution var populär och hade en god dokumentation. All hårdvarunära programmering gjordes uteslutande i C-språk. Webbserver-applikationen Nginx installerades på mikrodatorn för att kunna visa grafer och kunna mata in parametrar via en hemsida över internet. Hemsidan skrevs i språken PHP och JavaScript för server- respektive klientsida. För att utvärdera PID-regulatorn, monterades den i en espressomaskin där den fick styra kokarens värmeelement. Parametrarna för PID-regulatorn testades fram för att om möjligt korta ner tiden tills dess att temperaturen blev stabil.

Designing a filament winding machine involves two major components. First component is the designing of the mechanism which delivers appropriate winding pattern as specified by the user (i.e. the winding angle). The second component is the realization of an effective fiber tensioning system for ensuring consistent overall consolidation. Today, there exist a variety of sophisticated methods to achieve both these parameters; however the implementation of these techniques increases the price of a winding machine, making its acquisition very difficult for small scale applications. Sophisticated winding machine includes higher number of degrees of freedom, and high end CNC controlled algorithms. However for creating axi-symetric products with constant diameter, only a 2-axis winding is sufficient. On this note a novel cost effective method for fiber winding angle control and fiber winding tension control is designed, simulated, implemented into a low cost prototype 2-axis filament winding machine, and the scope for its? further improvement has also been discussed. The system designed, uses a cost effective PLC as the centralized controller of the system for implementing both fiber winding control and tension control through PID control. A novel actuator for tension control is designed and implemented. Also a comparison between the conventional PI controller and a Mamdani type Fuzzy inference based control system for controlling the fiber tension is made. In this process a novel technique for making PI controller capable of handling known nonlinearities in the system is introduced. Experimental system responses of the designed prototype are analyzed.

No description available.

This thesis documents the development of a novel nonlinear controller for servo pneumatic actuators that give good reference tracking at low speed motion, where friction has strong effect to the system behaviors. The design of the nonlinear controller presented in this thesis is based on the formalism of Lyapunov stability theory. The controller is constructed through a dynamical adaptive backstepping-sliding mode control algorithm. The conventional Lyapunov-based control algorithm is often limited by the order of the dynamical system; however, the backstepping design concept allows the control algorithm to be extended to higher order dynamical systems. In addition, the friction is estimated on-line via the Lyapunov-based adaptive laws embedded in the controller; meanwhile, the sliding mode control provides high robustness to the system parameter uncertainties. The simulation results clearly demonstrating the improved system performance (i.e., fast response and the reduced tracking error) are presented. Finally, the integration of the controller with a Lyapunov-based pressure observer reduces the state feedback of the servo pneumatic actuator model to only the piston displacement.

Šiais laikais sunku įsivaizduoti namus be bendram vartojimui skirto šilto vandens prieigos. Namuose, kurie nėra prijungti prie miesto vandentiekio infrastruktūros šiltas vanduo paruošiamas vietiniuose vandens šildytuvuose. Lietuvoje dažnai naudojami kombinuoti vandens šildytuvai. Šilto vandens paruošimui jie gali naudoti elektros energiją, arba centrinės šildymo sistemos šilumą. Deja tokie šildytuai dažniausiai negali automatiškai pasirinkti optimaliausio energijos šaltinio. Dėl to gaunami prasti ekonominiai rodikliai ir be reikalo švaistoma energija. Šio darbo tikslas yra kombinuoto vandens šildytuvo modernizacija sukuriant paprastą, tačiau galingą valdiklį, suteikiantį, jo vartotojui, galimybę automatizuoti šilto vandens paruošimo sistemos darbą, taip pagerinant ekonominius ir ergonominius pastato rodiklius. / In modern day it is very hard to imagine household without access to general purpose hot water. In buildings, with no access to centralized water distribution system, hot water is prepared in domestic water heaters or boilers. One of the most common types of water heaters in Lithuania is combined water heater. For hot water preparation it can use either electric power or heat from domestic heating system. However these heaters rarely have any capability to automatically choose energy source so this results in poor economy and useless energy losses. The goal of this work is modernization of combined water heater system by creation of simple yet powerful controller, capable of giving its user ability to automate control of water heating system, improve economy and comfort.

With complex systems, monolithic models become impractical and it becomes necessary to model them through subsystems and components. Unless these components and subsystems are structured, exploiting them in a methodical manner to develop a control logic for them also becomes complex. In the previous research, to characterize the input/output behavior of discrete state interacting, systems a condition language framework was defined and algorithms that can automatically generate a controller given the system model and the desired specification using this framework were presented. Though this framework and the control algorithms are ideally suited to simple systems, representation of components with large state spaces requires a more refined approach. In this thesis, we present the modelling framework namely Color condition systems, that compactly represent components with large state spaces. We also present algorithms that can automatically generate a controller that consists of a set of action type taskblocks, given the system model and the desired specification described using color condition systems. The modelling framework and the working of the algorithms are illustrated using figures and comments on the possible ways of optimizing the algorithms are also quoted. Finally, in the appendix, we also present the approach that can be taken to implement a few parts of the algorithm.

The existing research around sustainability has traditionally had a reporting focus with less attention towards the controlling of a company. As more research has directed its attention towards the controlling perspective, the human interaction has not been substantially considered. In order to increase the understanding around sustainability implementation the purpose of this study is to investigate how controllers develop management control systems in order to incorporate sustainability within the company’s controlling process. By conducting an exploratory study with interviews of seven controllers with experience from sustainability implementation, rich empirical data is collected and analysed. The study is able to show how sustainability is being implemented through a basis of three fundamental parts: the person, the package and the process. The study has several findings; controllers try to deal with sustainability proactively, controllers implement sustainability differently depending on their background and sustainability is easier implemented if being treated like regular data. The study is contributing both practically as well as academically as it is able to identify and exemplify how Swedish controllers are implementing sustainability within the controlling process.

No description available.

In this study, two new Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) techniques are developed. The two new techniques, the Objective-Based Gradient Algorithm (OBGA) and the Principal Component Grid Algorithm (PCGA), were developed with the goals of improving the accuracy and efficiency of the Pareto domain approximation relative to current MOO techniques. Both methods were compared to current MOO techniques using several test problems. It was found that both the OBGA and PCGA systematically produced a more accurate Pareto domain than current MOO techniques used for comparison, for all problems studied. The OBGA requires less computation time than the current MOO methods for relatively simple problems whereas for more complex objective functions, the computation time was larger. On the other hand, the efficiency of the PCGA was higher than the current MOO techniques for all problems tested. The new techniques were also applied to complex chemical engineering problems. The OBGA was applied to an industrial reactor producing ethylene oxide from ethylene. The optimization varied four of the reactor input parameters, and the selectivity, productivity and a safety factor related to the presence of oxygen in the reactor were maximized. From the optimization results, recommendations were made based on the ideal reactor operating conditions, and the control of key reactor parameters. The PCGA was applied to a PI controller model to develop new tuning methods based on the Pareto domain. The developed controller tuning methods were compared to several previously developed controller correlations. It was found that all previously developed controller correlations showed equal or worse performance than that based on the Pareto domain. The tuning methods were applied to a fourth order process and a process with a disturbance, and demonstrated excellent performance.