L’extension des systèmes de télécommunication génère de plus en plus des ondes électromagnétiques dans notre environnement aux fréquences et puissances très variées. Le temps est venu de faire une étude approfondie sur les possibilités potentielles que nous avons d’utiliser l’énergie contenue dans les ondes électromagnétiques pour alimenter des applications électroniques. L’idée est d’utiliser une ou plusieurs antennes pour récupérer les ondes électromagnétiques disponibles, suivies par un convertisseur des signaux RF/DC. / The work of this thesis is focuse on designing, measuring and testing an antenna and rectifiercircuit (RECTENNA) optimized for incoming signals of low power density (~651W/m²). The rectenna is used to harvest the ambient electric energy from the RF signals that have been radiated by communication and broadcasting systems at (1GHz-3GHz) without matching circuit and the second is a narrow band (1.8GHz-1.9GHz) with a matching circuit between the antenna and the rectifier.

My dissertation reappraises the Puritan conversion narrative's influence on early and later American literature. It centers around the accounts recorded by the Reverend Thomas Shepard, minister to Cambridge's first church, and looks at how New England's earliest settlers represented their spiritual encounters. My study argues for Puritanism's continued cultural relevance by explaining how the inter-personal, social, and expressive energies that informed Puritan spiritual confession is both sustained and evolves in the 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Chapter I accounts for the social, historical, and intellectual contexts in which the Puritan conversion narrative took place and outlines the scholarship it has received. Amid this scholarship I offer my analysis in Chapter II, pointing to the performance's formal, doctrinal, and expressive requirements to explain how believers delivered successful narratives and how they pushed the bounds of the religious doctrine that informed their accounts. Chapter III re-imagines the experience of Puritan conversion. It considers the performance from an affective framework and argues that the ambivalence endemic to spiritual assurance provoked in believers a psychogenic and narratological discord that promoted a form of self-understanding in which believers were unsure of themselves even as their spiritual communities were certain that their conversions were complete. Chapter III concludes by assessing the literary consequences of this relationship with reference to Benjamin Franklin's

Resumo: No trabalho apresentado foi realizada uma análise de eficiência energética levando em conta variáveis tais como a pressão, a temperatura, o estado físico dos componentes e a atividade de cada elemento que compõe a unidade de craqueamento em refino de petróleo. Tal análise foi realizada baseando-se na Primeira e Segunda leis da Termodinâmica. Destacou-se na análise do FCC a geração e a perda de energia com os gases, levando em conta a concentração molar de cada gás na entrada e na saída do FCC. No riser foram levadas em conta as transformações ocorridas e sua cinética com o propósito de fazer uma análise de gasto de energia no processo de formação inicial dos produtos do FCC; com isso, determinaram-se as quantidades de calor que foram utilizados no processo principal de formação. Foram realizadas análises sobre os fluxos de massas no vaso separador com a abordagem de um suposto fluxo interno, que seria a diferença entre as energias adquiridas com o vapor de retificação com os fluxos de carbono arrastados e com energia vinda do riser, e o fluxo de saída também para o processo de retificação no stripper. Verificou-se a energia gerada pelo regenerador e sua distribuição, que é feita com o aquecimento do catalisador na linha de transmissão do stripper e das perdas de energia com a troca do catalisador gasto e pela massa de catalisador que entra no riser. A energia perdida durante o processo foi associada à energia perdida na integralidade e em cada unidade. Verificou-se que uma parcela do calor gerado no processo é absorvida por gases inertes necessários ou integrados a gases reagentes; além disso, observou-se a formação de novos gases e compostos químicos que geram certas quantidades de energia, e que estão e são importantes na contabilização de toda energia que é gerada. Em tal análise levou-se em conta a energia de formação dos gases e a ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In the present study it was performed an analysis of energy efficiency taking into account variables such as pressure, temperature, physical state of the components and activities of each element that makes up a cracker in petroleum refining. The First and Second Law of Thermodynamics were used for the present analysis. It was highlighted in the analysis of the FCC the generation and loss of energy with the gases, taking into account the molar concentration of each gas at the inlet and outlet of the FCC. In the riser it was taken into account the transformations and their kinetics in order to make an analysis of energy use in the process of initial formation of the products of the FCC; with these results, it was determined the amounts of heat that were used in the main proceedings training. It was analyzed the flow of masses in the separator vessel with the approach of a supposed internal flow, which would be the difference between the energy gained steam with the rectification of carbon fluxes and dragged with energy coming from the riser, and the outflow also for the grinding process in stripper. There was the energy generated by the regenerator and its distribution, which is made by heating the catalyst in the transmission line striper and loss of energy with the exchange of spent catalyst and the mass of catalyst entering the riser. The energy lost during the process was associated with the energy that disappeared in the whole and in each unit. It was found that a portion of the heat generated is absorbed by inert gases necessary or integrated reactive gases; in addition, it was observed the formation of new gases and chemicals that generate amounts of energy, and are important in accounting for all energy that is generated. In this analysis it was taken into account the energy of formation of exhaust gases and the opportunities of products formation in the conditions ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: José Antonio Perrella Balestieri / Coorientador: Rubens Alves Dias / Banca: Luiz Roberto Carrocci / Banca: Luciano Fernando dos Santos Rossi / Mestre

Orientador: Marco Antônio Bottino / Banca: Marco Antônio Bottino / Banca: Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti / Banca: Roberto Ruggiero Braga / Banca: Claudio Antonio Talge / Banca: Luiz Felipe Valandro / Resumo: Este estudo teve com objetivo analisar a capacidade de um pino translúcido transmitir luz para o interior do canal radicular, bem como analisar o efeito desta polimerização na resistência mecânica e adesiva do conjunto pino, cimento, dente. Além disso, foi avaliada a resistência adesiva de diferentes tipos de cimentos resinosos. Foram utilizados 70 dentes humanos unirradiculares. O canal foi preparado com as fresas n°3 dos sistemas de pinos Light-Post (Bisco Inc, EUA). As raízes foram pintadas com esmalte preto para evitar a passagem de luz pela lateral do dente. Todos os dentes foram tratados com o sistema adesivo All Bond 2 (Bisco) e cimentados com três tipos de cimento formando os seguintes grupos: G1) Cimento Dual Duolink (Bisco) não fotopolimerizado, G2) Cimento Dual duolink fotopolimerizado, G3) Cimento Químico (C&B - Bisco) e G4) cimento fotopolimerizável (Illusion, Bisco). Cada grupo foi subdividido segundo a execução ou não de ciclagem mecânica. Em seguida, os dentes foram cortados perpendicular ao longo eixo do dente obtendo espécimes de 2mm de espessura. Cada secção era correspondente a uma região do dente (cervical, média, apical), possibilitando observar a polimerização do cimento nas diferentes profundidades da raiz realizando a analise Raman em três dentes de cada grupo. Em seguida, foi realizado o teste de push-out.Como resultado foi observado menor grau de conversão em direção apical para os cimentos foto-ativados, enquanto o cimento dual sem foto-ativaçao apresentou maiores valores. Para a resistência adesiva foi observada semelhança estatística inicial entre o cimento Duolink foto-ativado ou não, sendo que q ciclagem mecânica diminui consideravelmente a RA do Duolink quimicamente polimerizado. O cimento fotopolimerizável apresentou valores muito baixos de resistência adesiva e o cimento químico C&B apresentou os maiores valores antes e apos ciclagem mecânica. / Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the light transmittance of a translucent post in the root canal, as well as the effects of light polymerization onto fatigue resistance and bond strengths at the post/cement/tooth joint. Moreover, the bond strengths obtained with different types of resin cement were determined. 70 human teeth were used. The root canals were prepared with Light Post drills (Bisco Inc, EUA) (size 3). Afterwards, the outer surface of each tooth was covered with black nail varnish to avoid passage of light through the root lateral walls. All teeth were treated with All Bond 2 (Bisco) bonding agent. They were divided into groups according to the resin cement: G1) non light-cured Duo-link dual-cure cement (Bisco), G2) light-cured Duo-link dual-cure cement, G3) C&B chemical-cure cement (Bisco) and G4) Illusion light-cure resin cement (Bisco). Each group was divided into subgroups, to designate the specimens subjected to mechanical cycling or not. Following that, the teeth were sectioned perpendicular to their long axis into 2mm sections. Each section corresponded to one of three study regions (cervical, middle and apical regions of the root canal preparation), allowing the determination of the degree of conversion at different levels of the root by using Raman spectroscopy in three teeth per group. Afterwards, the segments were subjected to Push-out bond strength test. The light-activated cements had the lowest degree of conversion towards the apical region whereas the dual-activated one presented the highest values. As for bond strength, the light- and non light-activated Duo-link groups were statistically similar in the beginning, but the mechanical cycling decreased the bond strength of the non light-activated group. The light-activated cement had the lowest bond strengths and the chemical cement (C&B) presented the highest bond strength values before and after mechanical cycling. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:00:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ugo_me_guara.pdf: 1310169 bytes, checksum: 03b83347690591e428c0b581f7931124 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / No trabalho apresentado foi realizada uma análise de eficiência energética levando em conta variáveis tais como a pressão, a temperatura, o estado físico dos componentes e a atividade de cada elemento que compõe a unidade de craqueamento em refino de petróleo. Tal análise foi realizada baseando-se na Primeira e Segunda leis da Termodinâmica. Destacou-se na análise do FCC a geração e a perda de energia com os gases, levando em conta a concentração molar de cada gás na entrada e na saída do FCC. No riser foram levadas em conta as transformações ocorridas e sua cinética com o propósito de fazer uma análise de gasto de energia no processo de formação inicial dos produtos do FCC; com isso, determinaram-se as quantidades de calor que foram utilizados no processo principal de formação. Foram realizadas análises sobre os fluxos de massas no vaso separador com a abordagem de um suposto fluxo interno, que seria a diferença entre as energias adquiridas com o vapor de retificação com os fluxos de carbono arrastados e com energia vinda do riser, e o fluxo de saída também para o processo de retificação no stripper. Verificou-se a energia gerada pelo regenerador e sua distribuição, que é feita com o aquecimento do catalisador na linha de transmissão do stripper e das perdas de energia com a troca do catalisador gasto e pela massa de catalisador que entra no riser. A energia perdida durante o processo foi associada à energia perdida na integralidade e em cada unidade. Verificou-se que uma parcela do calor gerado no processo é absorvida por gases inertes necessários ou integrados a gases reagentes; além disso, observou-se a formação de novos gases e compostos químicos que geram certas quantidades de energia, e que estão e são importantes na contabilização de toda energia que é gerada. Em tal análise levou-se em conta a energia de formação dos gases e a... / In the present study it was performed an analysis of energy efficiency taking into account variables such as pressure, temperature, physical state of the components and activities of each element that makes up a cracker in petroleum refining. The First and Second Law of Thermodynamics were used for the present analysis. It was highlighted in the analysis of the FCC the generation and loss of energy with the gases, taking into account the molar concentration of each gas at the inlet and outlet of the FCC. In the riser it was taken into account the transformations and their kinetics in order to make an analysis of energy use in the process of initial formation of the products of the FCC; with these results, it was determined the amounts of heat that were used in the main proceedings training. It was analyzed the flow of masses in the separator vessel with the approach of a supposed internal flow, which would be the difference between the energy gained steam with the rectification of carbon fluxes and dragged with energy coming from the riser, and the outflow also for the grinding process in stripper. There was the energy generated by the regenerator and its distribution, which is made by heating the catalyst in the transmission line striper and loss of energy with the exchange of spent catalyst and the mass of catalyst entering the riser. The energy lost during the process was associated with the energy that disappeared in the whole and in each unit. It was found that a portion of the heat generated is absorbed by inert gases necessary or integrated reactive gases; in addition, it was observed the formation of new gases and chemicals that generate amounts of energy, and are important in accounting for all energy that is generated. In this analysis it was taken into account the energy of formation of exhaust gases and the opportunities of products formation in the conditions ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Sociologists have been interested in how individuals in modern society are bound to each other since the inception of the discipline. The 'community question' has seen three broad paradigms in this time. The 'community lost' perspective argues that community belonging and modernity are incompatible. In contrast, 'community saved' research suggest that the nature of modernity has made the benefits of community more salient than ever. Finally, the 'community transformed' approach posits that community has metamorphosed to become more relevant to the modern world. This thesis seeks to explore the form that communities may take in contemporary urban settings, and investigate the processes that underlie their continuation. To this end, an ethnographic case study approach was employed to examine an organisation that appears to both offer and exploit community – Alpha. Alpha is an eleven-week catechetical course that seeks to integrate non-Christians into the Christian community. Identifying and employing three 'ideal type' categories of Alpha guests, I examine the methods that the organisation uses in its efforts to attract new members, keep them attending, and integrate them into the community of the church. I argue that Alpha offers three distinct forms of community, with each appealing to different ideal type guests. The first is a gateway to the larger community of the local congregation. The second is a low-commitment community-in-itself. Finally, Alpha represents a community that offers material benefits to members. Alpha suggests that communities can be successful in attracting members by creating hybridised, multifaceted forms of belonging but that fostering long-term commitment is more problematic. This supports the 'community transformed' position that argues that the forms of belonging that were dominant in pre- and early modernity are less salient today.

D.Ing. (Electrical and Electronic Engineering) / The non-linear resonant pole (NLRP) inverter is part of the family of soft switching topologies based on resonant phenomena. The sequence of commutation that occurs between the semiconductors of a conventional voltage source inverter is modified through the mechanisms of energy exchange between added passive energy storage components. The NLRP inverter, through its psuedo resonant behaviour (resonant transition), gives rise to zero voltage and zero current turn-on of the switching devices as well as soft turn-off. The switching device voltage stresses are around 1 p.u, while the current stresses are reduced to around 1.3 p.u, by feeding back a portion of the load current. The rms current flowing through the inductor and switches is greatly reduced by driving the inductor into saturation (non-linear mode of operation). The advantages of soft switching, such as high switching frequency which allows greater dynamic response and higher power densities, along with reduced EMI, are achieved with this topology. Detailed analysis at multi- and sub-cycle levels is carried out, resulting in circuit equations and the criteria for commutation success. The commutation boundaries of the inverter are defined and methods discussed on how to extend them. The modulation of the NLRP inverter and some aspects regarding its use as part of both low and high performance induction motor drives are presented.

Ocean Data Acquisition System (ODAS) buoys are deployed in many seas around the world, a subset of these are wave monitoring buoys. Most are powered by solar panels. Many of these buoys are subjected to movement from waves, and could benefit from a wave energy converter specifically designed for ODAS buoys (WECO). A particular buoy that could benefit from this technology is the TriAXYS wave buoy [1]. This thesis discusses the development of a self-contained WECO that would replace one of the buoys four on board batteries, and harvest energy from the buoy motion to charge the remaining three batteries. A major constraint on the WECO is that it can’t affect buoy motion and jeopardize wave data that is derived from the motion. Rather than follow a traditional approach to simulating the motion of the buoy / WECO system, using hydrodynamic modelling and theoretical wave profiles, existing motion data from a buoy installation was analyzed to find the loads that were applied to the buoy to cause the motion. The complete set of mass properties of the TriAXYS buoy were derived from the 3D model provided by AXYS Technologies. These mass properties were compared to the linear and rotational accelerations to find the loads that were applied at the buoy center of gravity (CG) to cause the recorded motion. An installation off the coast of Ucluelet, BC was selected for this investigation because it is subjected to open ocean swells, and data from the winter months of November to March of 2014 to 2016 is available. Winter data was used since there is more wave action to power the WECO during the winter months, and there is sufficient solar irradiation to power the buoy in summer months. Accurate buoy motion data at a 4 Hz sampling rate was available from three rotational rate gyros and three linear accelerometers installed in the buoy. Each dataset of samples represented a 20 minute window that was recorded once every hour. Five conceptual WECO designs were developed, each of which focused on the extraction of power from a different degree of freedom (DOF) of buoy motion (surge, sway, heave, roll, and iv pitch). Three designs used a sliding (linear) oscillating mass, and one was aligned with each of the surge, sway, and heave axis of the buoy. Two designs used a rotating oscillating mass, and the axis of rotation of each device was aligned with either the roll or pitch axis of the buoy. All proposed WECO configurations were modeled as articulated mass, spring, and damper systems in MATLAB using the Lagrange method. Each WECO/buoy assembly formed an articulated body. Mass properties for each configuration were derived from the 3D models. The equations of motion for the original buoy no longer applied, but the environmental forces applied to the hull would still be valid as long as the WECO didn’t alter motion significantly. The power take off (PTO) was modeled following standard convention as a viscous dashpot. The damping effect of the dashpot was included in the models using Rayleigh’s dissipation function that estimated the energy dissipated by the PTO. A subset of load datasets was selected for evaluating the maximum power potential of each WECO. Each WECO was tuned to each dataset of loads using the spring rate, and the damping coefficient was optimized to find the maximum power while avoiding end stop collisions. A second subset of data was selected to evaluate the average power that would be generated throughout the winter months for the two most promising designs. This evaluation was performed for static spring and damping coefficients, and the coefficients that resulted in the highest power output were discovered. The motion of the WECO oscillating mass with respect to the buoy was used in conjunction with the damping ratio to form an estimate of the ideal (i.e. with no mechanical or electrical losses) power generation potential of each WECO configuration during the winter months. The two leading WECO designs both had sliding (linear) oscillating masses, one was aligned with the surge axis and produced theoretical average of just over 0.5 W, the other was aligned with the heave axis and produced theoretical average of just under 0.5 W. / Graduate

This dissertation describes the process of converting an application from Visual Basic to a .NET programming language. This work was carried out on behalf of The Prevas Company based in Karlstad, Sweden. Prevas provides IT solutions and industrial systems for several world leading companies such as Ericsson, Nokia, Siemens and many others. The objective behind the conversion of this application was to facilitate a more compatible and flexible option suitable for the other products using the .NET environment. In addition, Prevas felt that the Visual Basic 6 environment had grown rather old and outdated. The task was therefore to convert the source code from Visual basic 6 to .NET language and to determine the most efficient method for the conversion. The outcome of this project was to achieve a fully converted application using the .NET framework with its original functionality intact.

M. Ing. / Southern Africa faces an increasingly serious shortage of potable water and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Desalination is a process whereby dissolved solids are removed out of a contaminated water source to produce potable water. However, desalination carries an unavoidable energy cost per unit of potable water produced. Minimising this energy cost is an important goal towards making desalination a practical technology for widespread use. A desalination process is proposed by the author which is based on the injection of a brine spray into vacuum conditions. Although a complete desalination process is proposed, only the core components of the desalination process are investigated in the present study. The physical processes taking place in the core components are complex. Computational fluid dynamics is the numerical tool used to investigate the processes taking place in the core components. A commercial computational fluid dynamics code, augmented with user-programming, provides a simulation model for the core components. Due to the complexity of the investigated desalination process not all of its physical aspects are accounted for in the simulation. An analytical as opposed to experimental verification of the simulation is performed. The simulation model is used to perform a number of parametric tests. These tests are used to numerically investigate the effects of a number of process variables on the core components. The results of these parametric tests are presented and discussed