This dissertation is animated by an interest in the investigation required to establish whether a specific work, be it a literary work, artistic work or published edition, created prior to the enactment of the current South African Copyright Act 98 of 1978, is eligible for copyright protection today. The main objective is to outline the historical development of the transitional provisions provided in South African copyright legislation and the approach adopted by our courts when applying them. This study aims to re-interrogate the application of the transitional provisions to pre-1979 works with a specific focus on the re-evaluation of the opinion and approach set forth by O.H. Dean in the year 1988, regarding the application of the transitional provisions and how the courts should go about implementing these provisions. This re-interrogation requires investigating which provisions should be considered in establishing whether pre-1979 works are presently eligible for copyright protection, in what context and manner those provisions are applicable and how our courts have, in reported case law, gone about implementing them. In order to conduct the aforementioned investigation, the provisions should first be placed in their historical context, which requires tracing the historical development and impact of the copyright transitional provisions first provided in the 1916 Act, to those presently provided in the 1978 Act. / Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Private Law / LLM / Unrestricted

No description available.

Orientador: José Augusto Chaves Guimarães / Banca: Plácida Leopoldina Costa Santos / Banca: José Fernando Modesto da Silva / Resumo: A Internet vem modificando substancialmente os hábitos de pesquisa do ser humano, por um lado permitindo-lhe maior agilidade e eficiência na obtenção de informações, mas, por outro, multiplicando problemas de direito autoral nas obras por ela veiculadas. Desse modo, torna-se necessário analisar, no âmbito doutrinário, legislativo e jurisprudencial brasileiro, os direitos autorais (intelectuais e materiais) e sua aplicabilidade às criações dispostas na rede, ao que se aliam questões como a de controle das cópias de tais publicações e a de meios para evitar falsificações, adulterações e uso indevido das mesmas. Valendo-se de pesquisa documental em fontes do direito e em informações da própria rede, parte-se da abordagem da Internet em seu conceito, características e tipos de documentos, analisam-se os direitos autorais em termos teóricos (conceito e modalidades) e aplicados (controle e proteção no Direito Brasileiro) e discute-se a utilização de alguns elementos para a proteção dos direitos autorais na Internet: Criptografia, Assinatura Digital, Certificação Digital e Marca d'Água Digital, concluindo-se pela natureza eminentemente diplomática dos mesmos. Verifica-se que a Criptografia, enquanto código, é a linguagem por meio da qual se apresenta o documento, podendo ser caracterizada, dentro dos elementos que compõem a estrutura documental, como um elemento externo, sob a ótica diplomática. Já a Assinatura Digital caracteriza uma subscrição, ou seja, a assinatura do autor nos documentos digitais, sendo dessa forma caracterizada como um elemento de estrutura interna do documento. A Certificação Digital representa uma espécie de precação, pois é por seu intermédio que se tem a certeza da legalidade do documento. Essa ferramenta é comparada a um sinal de validação ou uma assinatura testemunhal, ficando, assim... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Internet has been substantially changing the research habits of human beings, on one hand providing them more agility and efficiency for obtaining information, but on the other hand it increases problems related to copyright in works that the net can spread. Consequently, it is necessary to analyse, in Brazilian doctrinal, legislative and jurisprudencial scopes the copyright (intellectual and material) and its apply to the creations on the net, to which are related questions such as the control of publications copies and the means to avoid falsifications, adulterations and inappropriate use of them. Based on documentary research, on law and also on information from the net, starting from the Internet approach in its concept, characteristics and types of documents, it is analysed the copyright in theoretical (concept and kinds) and applied (control and protection in Brazilian law) terms and it is discussed the use of some elements to protect copyright on the Internet: Cryptography, Digital Subscription, Digital Certification and Digital Watermark, and it is concluded with the diplomatic nature of the same. It is verified that the Cryptography, as a code, is the language through which the document is presented, and it can be characterized, among the elements that form the documentation structure, as an outer element, under the diplomatic view. The Digital Signature characterizes a subscription, that is, the author's signature on digital documents, it is therefore, featured as an element of the document inner structure. The Digital Certification represents a kind of precation because it proves the legality of the document. This tool is compared to a validating sign or to a testifying signature, being featured by diplomatic as an inner element of the documentation structure. Finally, it is verified that the Digital Watermark is compared to a special... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below) / Mestre

Available via the Australian National University Library Electronic Pre and Post Print Repository. Title from title screen (viewed Mar. 28, 2003) Includes bibliographical references. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:49:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sola_jem_me_mar.pdf: 951554 bytes, checksum: f760cf493cdc27e21faa47420f41e7d5 (MD5) / A Internet vem modificando substancialmente os hábitos de pesquisa do ser humano, por um lado permitindo-lhe maior agilidade e eficiência na obtenção de informações, mas, por outro, multiplicando problemas de direito autoral nas obras por ela veiculadas. Desse modo, torna-se necessário analisar, no âmbito doutrinário, legislativo e jurisprudencial brasileiro, os direitos autorais (intelectuais e materiais) e sua aplicabilidade às criações dispostas na rede, ao que se aliam questões como a de controle das cópias de tais publicações e a de meios para evitar falsificações, adulterações e uso indevido das mesmas. Valendo-se de pesquisa documental em fontes do direito e em informações da própria rede, parte-se da abordagem da Internet em seu conceito, características e tipos de documentos, analisam-se os direitos autorais em termos teóricos (conceito e modalidades) e aplicados (controle e proteção no Direito Brasileiro) e discute-se a utilização de alguns elementos para a proteção dos direitos autorais na Internet: Criptografia, Assinatura Digital, Certificação Digital e Marca d'Água Digital, concluindo-se pela natureza eminentemente diplomática dos mesmos. Verifica-se que a Criptografia, enquanto código, é a linguagem por meio da qual se apresenta o documento, podendo ser caracterizada, dentro dos elementos que compõem a estrutura documental, como um elemento externo, sob a ótica diplomática. Já a Assinatura Digital caracteriza uma subscrição, ou seja, a assinatura do autor nos documentos digitais, sendo dessa forma caracterizada como um elemento de estrutura interna do documento. A Certificação Digital representa uma espécie de precação, pois é por seu intermédio que se tem a certeza da legalidade do documento. Essa ferramenta é comparada a um sinal de validação ou uma assinatura testemunhal, ficando, assim... / The Internet has been substantially changing the research habits of human beings, on one hand providing them more agility and efficiency for obtaining information, but on the other hand it increases problems related to copyright in works that the net can spread. Consequently, it is necessary to analyse, in Brazilian doctrinal, legislative and jurisprudencial scopes the copyright (intellectual and material) and its apply to the creations on the net, to which are related questions such as the control of publications copies and the means to avoid falsifications, adulterations and inappropriate use of them. Based on documentary research, on law and also on information from the net, starting from the Internet approach in its concept, characteristics and types of documents, it is analysed the copyright in theoretical (concept and kinds) and applied (control and protection in Brazilian law) terms and it is discussed the use of some elements to protect copyright on the Internet: Cryptography, Digital Subscription, Digital Certification and Digital Watermark, and it is concluded with the diplomatic nature of the same. It is verified that the Cryptography, as a code, is the language through which the document is presented, and it can be characterized, among the elements that form the documentation structure, as an outer element, under the diplomatic view. The Digital Signature characterizes a subscription, that is, the author's signature on digital documents, it is therefore, featured as an element of the document inner structure. The Digital Certification represents a kind of precation because it proves the legality of the document. This tool is compared to a validating sign or to a testifying signature, being featured by diplomatic as an inner element of the documentation structure. Finally, it is verified that the Digital Watermark is compared to a special... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

Magister Legum - LLM

LL.M. (Commercial Law) / This research will consider to what extent fictional characters may be protected by copyright law. The discussion will concentrate on the position in the United States of America, the United Kingdom and South Africa. It appears that the reluctance to afford copyright protection to fictional characters stems from their dichotomic nature. As such, the impact of the idea/expression dichotomy will be examined as it is the key issue in determining whether a fictional character will be protected by copyright.

Copyright law, in general, is a multi-faceted and sometimes difficult to understand process. Although it is law, it is often not straight-forward and cannot be applied universally. While the concepts of copyright infringement and plagiarism may sometimes overlap, many confuse one for the other or think they are the same offense. This thesis is intended to serve as a primer to some basic aspects of copyright law for technical communicators, including issues surrounding public domain works, the fair use doctrine, the copyright clearance process, as well as why we should be concerned about our current copyright laws. Over the past few decades, Congress has increased the number of copyright extensions, and these extensions are pushing out works that were to expire into the public domain. This thesis provides details about the growing copyright reform movement to explore the possibilities of making our culture more egalitarian and democratic when it comes to the exchange of ideas and information. Those who support copyright reform believe current copyright laws increasingly favor corporations and special interest groups rather than the public, and insist on a balance in copyright laws to loosen some of the restrictions. This thesis illustrates the importance of the knowledge of copyright and its associated laws for technical communicators especially in these current times. With the growth of the Internet within the last 20 years, some of the core concepts of how copyright works for the analog age present some challenges when translated into our digital age. Young professionals - particularly those working in web-based media - are faced with some contradicting ideas on copyright, sharing, and piracy, especially when surrounded by peers who perpetuate incorrect notions about these topics. Technical communicators also need to be aware of the risks they run if they choose to ignore the law (or choose to remain ignorant of it), but, on a deeper level, they also need be prepared to deal with the philosophical and ethical inquiries that tie into the concept of copyright. This thesis also provides practical applications of the knowledge of copyright laws for technical communicators.

Arguably one of the most prevalent issues in the field of Intellectual Property law, both international and domestic, is that of the emerging orphan works problem. Orphan works are any original literary, pictorial or graphic illustrations, and photographs whereas the prospective user cannot readily identify and/or locate the owner(s) of the copyrighted material. This poses a legal risk of liability upon the prospective user for copyright infringement. This thesis focuses on the legal topic of copyright with an emphasis on orphan works legislation. This study compared and contrasted the experiences in the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia which have all enacted legislation to mitigate the issue of liability to prospective users of orphaned works, to the United States which has been reluctant to do the same. Each country has used its own legislative model to mitigate the liability of orphan works. This study sought out to analyze each model as well as compare the legal, political, and economic similarities of each country to test the viability of a particular model being successful in the United States.