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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Whole Foods: renewable energy credits, green business, and capitalist approaches to climate change

Kanofsky, Samantha January 2009 (has links)
Dedication. Acknowledgements. Preface. Chapter 1: Introduction. Chapter 2: Green Business and Carbon Offsetting. Chapter 3A: Case Study. Chapter 3B: Interview. Chapter 4: Case Study. Chapter 5: Conclusion. Bibliography.
62

Ålder och studier som bestämningsfaktorer till reflexivitet : En kvantitativ studie som undersöker huruvida ålder och antalet tagna högskolepoäng är avgörande för studenters utvecklande av reflexivt tänk

Cort, Leon, Hellström, Jonas January 2014 (has links)
No description available.
63

Pledge on Credits / Garantía Mobiliaria sobre Créditos

Mejorada Chauca, Martin 12 April 2018 (has links)
In this article, author makes a description and analysis of the performance of security interest in credits. in that sense, it is analys the credit as object of security interest. Also, it is analyze the particular process of the creation of this security interest and its opposability to third parties. Finally, there is the process of execution of the foregoing security interest. / En el presente artículo, el autor realiza una descripción y análisis del funcionamiento de la Garantía Mobiliaria sobre Créditos. e n ese sentido, se analiza al Crédito como objeto de la garantía mobiliaria. Asimismo, se ve el proceso particular de la constitución de esta garantía mobiliaria y su oponibilidad a terceros. Finalmente, se observa el proceso de ejecución de la mencionada garantía.
64

Proposta para o aproveitamento de biogás na obtenção de créditos de carbono em aterro sanitário e compostagem com aeração horizontal em camadas / Proposal for the enjoyment of biogas in obtaining carbon credits in landfill and composting with aeration horizontal layered

Gomes, Tiago Luis January 2013 (has links)
As oportunidades do processo de digestão anaeróbia, em aterros sanitários, controlados e sistemas de compostagem, são ligadas à formação de biogás através da biodegradação da matéria orgânica (MO) em ambiente predominantemente anaeróbio. O aterro da Caturrita, localizado na cidade de Santa Maria, possui cerca de 467.929 toneladas de resíduos depositados em uma de suas células. A recuperação total do CH4 desta quantidade de resíduo entre 2013 e 2033, considerando um rendimento na captação de gases de 70%, foi calculada em 17.529.657 m3. O total da receita estimada para o mesmo período, admitindo uma comercialização conservadora de créditos de carbono e energia elétrica, foi de USD 2.131.458 , isto é, um faturamento mensal de USD 8.881. No caso da compostagem, onde podem ocorrer ambientes anaeróbios, o sistema de ponteiras horizontais em camadas utilizado experimentalmente apresentou indícios de diminuição da geração de CH4 com vantagem em relação à compostagem com ponteiras verticais. Para isso, utilizaram-se taxas de aeração de 0,557 m³ ar.d-1.kg-1 de MO em peso seco (PS), com o monitoramento da temperatura interna e da umidade das leiras. As variações das perdas de cargas calculadas para as tubulações da leira experimental com ponteiras horizontais ficaram entre 1,56% e 2,56%, com a temperatura interna máxima em 70,8°C, diferentemente da leira com ponteiras verticais que atingiu uma máxima de 47,1°C, ambas para umidades superiores a 50%. O custo por metro para a implantação em escala real equivale a USD 21,22, considerando o uso de materiais alternativos, mas com resistência mecânica e térmica adequados. Observou-se na leira experimental com ponteiras horizontais proposta a diminuição do NH4 + concomitantemente à elevação do NO3 em menor tempo que na leira com ponteiras verticais. Além disso, com a proposta do sistema de aeração alternativo, a emissão de CH4 seria pouco significativa, pois o processo é basicamente aeróbio. Para a compostagem com ponteiras verticais utilizado na empresa, considerando apenas a emanação de CH4, estima-se o custo ambiental entre USD 2.059 e USD 75.841 por ano para uma quantidade processada de 50.000 t de resíduos agroindustriais. Para o aterro da Caturrita, o custo ambiental pode ser estimado entre USD 7.733 e USD 52.287 por ano. Com uma recuperação de 70% de CH4, através de queima ou conversão em energia elétrica, o custo ambiental máximo estimado cairia para USD 15.686 para a quantidade estimada e disposta no aterro da Caturrita entre 1999 e 2008 de 467.929 toneladas. / The anaerobic digestion process opportunities, about controlled landfills and composting systems, are related to a biogas formation process through the biodegradation of organic substances in a predominantly anaerobic environment. The Caturrita’s landfill, located in Santa Maria – RS - Brazil, has around 467,929 tons of deposited residues in one of its cells. The recovery of methane between 2013 and 2033, considering an availability of 70%, was estimated at 17,529,657 m³. Admitting the carbon credits and electric energy commercialization, during the same period, was estimated and would result in USD 2,131,438, that is, a monthly profits of USD 8,881. In a composting system, where anaerobic environments may occur, the horizontal pipelines system used showed that the CH4 production decreased with advantage in relation to vertical pipelines. For this experiment, Organic matter (OM) was aerated at a rate of 0.557 m3 air·d-1·kg-1, as determined by dry weight (DW), and the internal temperature and humidity of the windrows were monitored. The calculated variation of the pressure loss for the pipelines in the experimental widrow with horizontal pipelines proposal was between 1.56% and 2.56% at a maximum internal temperature of 70.8°C, unlike the windrow with vertical pipelines, which reached a maximum temperature of 47.1°C. In both systems, the humidity was greater than 50%. The cost per metre for commercial scale implementation is equivalent to USD 21.22, considering the use of alternative materials with the necessary mechanical and thermal resistance values. It was observed in the experimental pile with horizontal pipelines proposal the reduction of NH4 + simultaneously to the elevation of NO3 in less time than in the pile with vertical pipelines. Furthermore, with the alternative aeration system, the CH4 emission would be insignificant, because the process is essentially aerobic. For composting system with vertical pipelines used in the company, considering only the emanation of CH4, the environmental cost can be estimated between USD 2,059 and USD 75,841 per year for an amount of 50,000 t of processed agribusiness residues. For Caturrita’s landfill, the environmental cost can be estimated between USD 7,733 and USD 52,287 per year. With a CH4 recovery of 70%, by burning or conversion into electrical energy, the maximum estimated environmental cost would fall to USD 15,686 for the estimated quantity and disposed of in landfill Caturrita between 1999 and 2008 of 467,929 tons.
65

Analýza úvěrů a půjček - požadavky poskytovatelů na finanční účetnictví podniku / Analysis of credits and loans - requirements for financial accounting of the selected entity

STANĚK, Milan January 2013 (has links)
The main goal of the theoretical part of this thesis is to describe the possible sources of funding, extra forms of funding, operation of financial markets and define financial intermediary. Further depict the banking business and its principles. This thesis analyses confrontational relations between financial institutions and companies in the sphere of foreign funds. The main aim of the practical part of this thesis is to use initiate analysis of selected accounting entity. In the first part I concentrate on the details of the project, which it will be carry out and the details of the funding options. In the second part I analyse the different perspective of clients and financial providers.
66

Geração de créditos de carbono através da transesterificação de óleos e gorduras residuais

Gustavo Henrique Raposo de Macêdo 30 September 2016 (has links)
A preocupação com o meio ambiente, atrelada ao crescimento econômico torna cada vez mais competitivo o desafio energético no mundo. É neste panorama que o óleo de fritura usado, bem como as demais oleaginosas, começa a aparecer como forte fonte de geração de biodiesel no setor da produção nacional. A produção de um biocombustível a partir deste resíduo trás inúmeros benefícios para a sociedade, com significativa diminuição de problemas relacionados ao seu descarte. Com a implantação deste combustível na matriz energética brasileira resultará em um impacto ambiental positivo porque, além de dar um destino adequado aos óleos residuais, sua utilização na frota de veículos reduzirá drasticamente a emissão de gases poluentes, como o dióxido de carbono, responsável pelo efeito estufa, além de eliminar completamente o enxofre, um dos principais vilões da chuva ácida. Neste sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a viabilidade da produção de biodiesel através da transesterificação de óleo de fritura usado na geração de créditos de carbono. A metodologia utilizada para avaliar a viabilidade econômica do processo foi a de custo nivelado de combustível, elaborada utilizando-se o Índice de Custo Benefício (ICB), onde foi possível avaliar a sensibilidade à variação de parâmetros centrais (investimento e custeio da operação). Utilizou-se a planilha eletrônica Excel da Microsoft que serviu de base para a plataforma de cálculos do processo e dos resultados em créditos de carbono. O estudo mostrou a viabilidade do processo de produção de biodiesel, onde a grande vantagem é no setor ambiental, pois a redução das emissões de material particulado e de enxofre na atmosfera, trás benefícios a saúde pública e divisas ao país através da geração de créditos de carbono. / Concern for the environment, linked to economic growth becomes increasingly competitive energy challenge in the world. It is this backdrop that the used frying oil and other oil begin to appear as a strong source of biodiesel in the generation sector of the national production. The production of biofuel from waste this brings many benefits to society, with significant reduction of problems related to disposal. With the implementation of this fuel in the Brazilian energy matrix will result in a positive environmental impact because, in addition to providing a suitable target for waste oil, its use in fleet vehicles will drastically reduce the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, responsible for the effect emissions, and completely eliminate the sulfur, one of the worst culprits of acid rain. In this sense, the objective of this work was to study the feasibility of producing biodiesel by transesterification of used frying oil in the generation of carbon credits. The methodology used to assess the economic viability of the process was the cost of fuel level, prepared using the Cost Index - Benefit (ICB), where it was possible to assess the sensitivity to variations in key parameters (investment and operation cost) . We used the spreadsheet Microsoft Excel that formed the basis for calculations of the platform of the process and results in carbon credits. The study showed the feasibility of biodiesel production process, where the great advantage is in the environmental sector, for reducing emissions of particulate matter and sulfur in the atmosphere, brings benefits to public health and the foreign country through the generation of credits carbon.
67

Feasibility Study of Use of Renewable Energy to Power Greenfield Eco-Industrial Park

January 2014 (has links)
abstract: An eco-industrial park (EIP) is an industrial ecosystem in which a group of co-located firms are involved in collective resource optimization with each other and with the local community through physical exchanges of energy, water, materials, byproducts and services - referenced in the industrial ecology literature as "industrial symbiosis". EIPs, when compared with standard industrial resource sharing networks, prove to be of greater public advantage as they offer improved environmental and economic benefits, and higher operational efficiencies both upstream and downstream in their supply chain. Although there have been many attempts to adapt EIP methodology to existing industrial sharing networks, most of them have failed for various factors: geographic restrictions by governmental organizations on use of technology, cost of technology, the inability of industries to effectively communicate their upstream and downstream resource usage, and to diminishing natural resources such as water, land and non-renewable energy (NRE) sources for energy production. This paper presents a feasibility study conducted to evaluate the comparative environmental, economic, and geographic impacts arising from the use of renewable energy (RE) and NRE to power EIPs. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, which is used in a variety of sectors to evaluate the environmental merits and demerits of different kinds of products and processes, was employed for comparison between these two energy production methods based on factors such as greenhouse gas emission, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, human toxicity potential, fresh water usage and land usage. To complement the environmental LCA analysis, levelized cost of electricity was used to evaluate the economic impact. This model was analyzed for two different geographic locations; United States and Europe, for 12 different energy production technologies. The outcome of this study points out the environmental, economic and geographic superiority of one energy source over the other, including the total carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, which can then be related to the total number of carbon credits that can be earned or used to mitigate the overall carbon emission and move closer towards a net zero carbon footprint goal thus making the EIPs truly sustainable. / Dissertation/Thesis / LCOE calculation charts / Gabi Life-cycle analysis / Masters Thesis Mechanical Engineering 2014
68

Avaliação de créditos de carbono na fase agrícola do setor sucroalcooleiro: um estudo de caso na Paraíba

Vilar, Bruno Lopes 29 April 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:53:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3750089 bytes, checksum: c2fea8671d9f3d4188be1c6fdac1c40f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The growing use of fossil fuels has resulted in increased greenhouse gas emissions, generating the "Greenhouse Effect" that contribute to global warming. In 1997, several world leaders signed the "Kyoto Protocol" which foresaw a reduction of about 5.2% in the levels of greenhouse gas emissions in 1990. Among various advances made, there is the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which proposes that developed countries that are unwilling or unable to reduce their emissions can buy from other countries known titles as "Carbon Credits", setting up a new market for the countries of the treaty grantors. In this scenario, the ethanol industry stands out among the rest of the energy sector due to its production matrix is grounded in a bioenergy source that is sugar cane. This sector is distributed throughout Brazil. However, in the northeastern states, especially in Paraíba mainly operates more consistently in the economy, due to its character plaintiff in volume of labor and its location near major cities. The aim of this study was to describe how is the agricultural phase in Monte Alegre mill / PB, describing the possibilities for projects in Carbon Credits that can be developed at this stage of the productive sector and monetise the generation of these credits within the revenue structure of plant. Through the method of production function, one can measure the economic potential generator of credits, from literature surveys, interviews and analysis of the production process employed. The results indicate a great potential monetary contribution from the sale of carbon credits, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases as well as expanding the possibilities of revenue for the sugar industry. / O crescimento do uso de combustíveis fósseis resultou no aumento da emissão de gases poluentes, geradores do "Efeito Estufa" que contribuem para o aquecimento global. Em 1997, vários governantes mundiais assinaram o "Protocolo de Kyoto" que previa uma redução de cerca de 5,2% nos níveis de emissão de gases poluentes registrados em 1990. Entre vários avanços conseguidos, destaca-se o Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL), o qual propõe que os países desenvolvidos, que não queiram ou não consigam reduzir suas emissões, possam comprar de outros países títulos conhecidos como "Créditos de Carbono", configurando-se um novo mercado para os países outorgantes do tratado. Neste cenário, a indústria sucroalcooleira se sobressai entre as demais do setor energético devido a sua matriz produtiva se alicerça em uma fonte bioenergética que é a cana-de-açúcar. Este setor distribui-se por todo o Brasil. Contudo, nos estados nordestinos, sobretudo na Paraíba, principalmente, atua de forma mais consistente na economia, devido ao seu caráter demandante em volume de mão de obra e sua localização perto das grandes cidades. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever como se processa a fase agrícola na usina Monte Alegre/PB, apresentar as possibilidades de projetos em Créditos de Carbono que possam ser desenvolvidos nesta etapa do setor produtivo e quantificar monetariamente a geração destes créditos dentro da estrutura de receitas da usina. Através do método da Função Produção, pode-se mensurar economicamente o potencial gerador de créditos, partindo de levantamentos bibliográficos, entrevistas e análise do processo produtivo empregado. Os resultados apontam para um grande potencial de contribuição monetária com a venda dos Créditos de Carbono, contribuindo para a redução dos gases do efeito estufa bem como ampliando as possibilidades de receita para a indústria sucroalcooleira.
69

Proposta para o aproveitamento de biogás na obtenção de créditos de carbono em aterro sanitário e compostagem com aeração horizontal em camadas / Proposal for the enjoyment of biogas in obtaining carbon credits in landfill and composting with aeration horizontal layered

Gomes, Tiago Luis January 2013 (has links)
As oportunidades do processo de digestão anaeróbia, em aterros sanitários, controlados e sistemas de compostagem, são ligadas à formação de biogás através da biodegradação da matéria orgânica (MO) em ambiente predominantemente anaeróbio. O aterro da Caturrita, localizado na cidade de Santa Maria, possui cerca de 467.929 toneladas de resíduos depositados em uma de suas células. A recuperação total do CH4 desta quantidade de resíduo entre 2013 e 2033, considerando um rendimento na captação de gases de 70%, foi calculada em 17.529.657 m3. O total da receita estimada para o mesmo período, admitindo uma comercialização conservadora de créditos de carbono e energia elétrica, foi de USD 2.131.458 , isto é, um faturamento mensal de USD 8.881. No caso da compostagem, onde podem ocorrer ambientes anaeróbios, o sistema de ponteiras horizontais em camadas utilizado experimentalmente apresentou indícios de diminuição da geração de CH4 com vantagem em relação à compostagem com ponteiras verticais. Para isso, utilizaram-se taxas de aeração de 0,557 m³ ar.d-1.kg-1 de MO em peso seco (PS), com o monitoramento da temperatura interna e da umidade das leiras. As variações das perdas de cargas calculadas para as tubulações da leira experimental com ponteiras horizontais ficaram entre 1,56% e 2,56%, com a temperatura interna máxima em 70,8°C, diferentemente da leira com ponteiras verticais que atingiu uma máxima de 47,1°C, ambas para umidades superiores a 50%. O custo por metro para a implantação em escala real equivale a USD 21,22, considerando o uso de materiais alternativos, mas com resistência mecânica e térmica adequados. Observou-se na leira experimental com ponteiras horizontais proposta a diminuição do NH4 + concomitantemente à elevação do NO3 em menor tempo que na leira com ponteiras verticais. Além disso, com a proposta do sistema de aeração alternativo, a emissão de CH4 seria pouco significativa, pois o processo é basicamente aeróbio. Para a compostagem com ponteiras verticais utilizado na empresa, considerando apenas a emanação de CH4, estima-se o custo ambiental entre USD 2.059 e USD 75.841 por ano para uma quantidade processada de 50.000 t de resíduos agroindustriais. Para o aterro da Caturrita, o custo ambiental pode ser estimado entre USD 7.733 e USD 52.287 por ano. Com uma recuperação de 70% de CH4, através de queima ou conversão em energia elétrica, o custo ambiental máximo estimado cairia para USD 15.686 para a quantidade estimada e disposta no aterro da Caturrita entre 1999 e 2008 de 467.929 toneladas. / The anaerobic digestion process opportunities, about controlled landfills and composting systems, are related to a biogas formation process through the biodegradation of organic substances in a predominantly anaerobic environment. The Caturrita’s landfill, located in Santa Maria – RS - Brazil, has around 467,929 tons of deposited residues in one of its cells. The recovery of methane between 2013 and 2033, considering an availability of 70%, was estimated at 17,529,657 m³. Admitting the carbon credits and electric energy commercialization, during the same period, was estimated and would result in USD 2,131,438, that is, a monthly profits of USD 8,881. In a composting system, where anaerobic environments may occur, the horizontal pipelines system used showed that the CH4 production decreased with advantage in relation to vertical pipelines. For this experiment, Organic matter (OM) was aerated at a rate of 0.557 m3 air·d-1·kg-1, as determined by dry weight (DW), and the internal temperature and humidity of the windrows were monitored. The calculated variation of the pressure loss for the pipelines in the experimental widrow with horizontal pipelines proposal was between 1.56% and 2.56% at a maximum internal temperature of 70.8°C, unlike the windrow with vertical pipelines, which reached a maximum temperature of 47.1°C. In both systems, the humidity was greater than 50%. The cost per metre for commercial scale implementation is equivalent to USD 21.22, considering the use of alternative materials with the necessary mechanical and thermal resistance values. It was observed in the experimental pile with horizontal pipelines proposal the reduction of NH4 + simultaneously to the elevation of NO3 in less time than in the pile with vertical pipelines. Furthermore, with the alternative aeration system, the CH4 emission would be insignificant, because the process is essentially aerobic. For composting system with vertical pipelines used in the company, considering only the emanation of CH4, the environmental cost can be estimated between USD 2,059 and USD 75,841 per year for an amount of 50,000 t of processed agribusiness residues. For Caturrita’s landfill, the environmental cost can be estimated between USD 7,733 and USD 52,287 per year. With a CH4 recovery of 70%, by burning or conversion into electrical energy, the maximum estimated environmental cost would fall to USD 15,686 for the estimated quantity and disposed of in landfill Caturrita between 1999 and 2008 of 467,929 tons.
70

Analýza produktu v sektoru bankovnictví a jeho perspektiva / Product analysis in bank sector and its perspective

PĚKNÁ, Jana January 2008 (has links)
The aim of this work is an analysis and classification of product in chosen banking house and its usage and gain for consumers and costumers inclusive point of view. The interrogatory was using to analyze of mortgage credits. This work informs readers about issue of mortgage credit in Czech market including forecasts to expectations. In the following is an adumbration and development in European market. Chosen banking house is Česká spořitelna, a. s., because this bank is considered the greatest provider of mortgage credits in Czech republic. Majority shareholder of this bank is financial group Erste Bank.

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