Nine adults with single-sided deafness previously implanted with a Baha were given a two-week trial with a CROS hearing aid and tested in unaided and aided conditions. Both devices were compared on head shadow effect reduction, speech perception measures, self-assessment questionnaires, and daily diaries. The CROS reduced the head shadow effect for more frequencies than the Baha. Participants performed well across all conditions with speech to the poor ear in quiet. The QuickSIN showed both devices adversely affected speech perception with noise to the poor ear; the CROS was more disadvantageous. Neither device improved speech perception with noise to the better ear. The BBSS and SSQ demonstrated subjective benefit and the diaries indicated frequent use of both devices. Five participants preferred the CROS for sound quality; three preferred the Baha for comfort. As both devices seem comparable, a CROS should be the first intervention option recommended before considering Baha surgery.

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La plupart des études menées sur la dimension scénique du théâtre français et européen pour la période couvrant la fin du XIXe siècle et le début du XXe siècle portent sur la scénographie (espace, décor, éclairage, liens avec la peinture et le nouveau média cinématographique). Si les éléments sonores sont souvent mentionnés et parfois analysés, c’est de façon compartimentée, selon des catégories (voix – déclamation et diction–, musique, bruitage) qui ne sont pas réinterrogées. La dimension acoustique en tant que telle n’est pas problématisée. Or, l’art du théâtre se fonde sur un dispositif où l’écoute importe autant que la vue, la première pouvant l’emportant sur la seconde, et la période étudiée constitue dans l’histoire du son un moment-charnière, avec l’apparition groupée du téléphone, du phonographe et du microphone (1875-1878), les progrès de l’acoustique scientifique et de l’otologie, la transformation des pratiques de l’écoute. Les raisons de l’oubli du sonore sont complexes : la prééminence accordée à la vision dans la pensée occidentale, l’invention de la « mise en scène », la résistance du théâtre aux nouvelles technologies sonores. Nourrie de l’apport des Sound Studies, la thèse remet le son dans le jeu : après avoir dressé un panorama de la pensée et du paysage sonore intermédial à la fin du XIXe siècle (théâtrophone, enregistrements d’acteurs, etc.), elle observe les effets plus profonds du « tournant acoustique » sur l’espace dramatique, sur la figure scénique, sur la vocalité, respectivement étudiés à travers les pratiques de trois poètes-hommes de théâtre : Maeterlinck, Jarry, Charles Cros. Ce sont les bases du théâtre qui ont été interrogées. / The majority of studies on scenic dimensions of late 19th - early 20th century French and European theatre center on scenography (space, scenery, lights, relations to painting and new cinematographic media). If certain aspects of sound are mentioned, and sometimes analyzed, the approaches are often compartmentalized into categories including voice (declamation, music, sound effects, which are never themselves questioned). The acoustical dimension is never fully problematized. However, the art of theatre is founded on a schema where listening matters as much as seeing, if not more. In the history of sound, the period on which this study comports constitutes an important turning point, with the invention of the telephone, phonograph, and microphone (1875-1878), progress in the fields of acoustical science and otology, and the transformation of listening practices. The reasons for sound’s oversight are multiple, including the pre-eminence accorded to vision in Occidental thought, the invention of the “mise en scène”, theatre’s resistance to new sound technologies. Nourished by Sound Studies, this dissertation seeks to bring sound back into play. After presenting a panorama of the activities and thought emerging from the intermedial soundscape at the end of the 19th century (théâtrophone, actor’s recordings, etc), it observes the deeper effects of these acoustical phonomena on dramatic space, the scenic figure, and vocality through respective studies of three poets-theatre creators: Maurice Maeterlinck, Alfred Jarry and Charles Cros. The very bases of theatre are interrogated.

Analytical Model of Traffic Signal Structures (TSS) is developed based on a continuous system method to observe dynamic characteristics of the structures. Conventional and basic continuous system method can show the approximate dynamic characteristics of the TSS, but the discretized continuous analytical model is proposed to get more accurate and realistic results of the TSS. In addition, the discretized continuous model can alternatively analyze the effect of the tapered cross-sectional members which are real model of TSS. For the verification of the analytical model, the dynamic characteristics of the numerical solutions by modal analysis in ABAQUS and the results of experimental measurements are provided. Compared with the numerical solutions and the experimental results, the analytical solution for each member shows its considerable accuracy. In addition, it will be also able to accurately express the effects of the linearly tapered cross-sectional member with more discretized continuous structural system. Moreover, the discretized analytical model of the TSS has the usability to observe the effects of boundary flexibility.

This thesis presents an interpretative study of an Australian offshore education program in educational leadership conducted at Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in China from 2002 to 2003. It is a study of the influence of international education on the conceptions of the participants in a particular context, where Chinese culture and Western cultures came into contact. The study is significant because it investigated a relatively new aspect of international education, offshore education, this time from the perspective of the participants. It explored the conceptions of learning and leadership brought by a group of Chinese educational leaders to the course and investigated the perceived influence of the course upon their conceptions and self-reported leadership practice. It employed a culturally sensitive approach which recognizes that a complex interaction between Chinese and Western cultures is occurring in the participants of this study. This interpretative study was inspired by the phenomenographic approach. Phenomenography is an approach to research that has been used to help understand the key aspects of the variations in the experiences of groups of people (Marton & Booth, 1997). The study examined the experiences and understandings about learning and leadership of Chinese leaders in an offshore program, a Master of Educational Leadership. The program was delivered in a flexible mode in three intensive teaching brackets of six subjects. The study employed a semi-structured and in-depth interview technique. Twenty participants were interviewed twice over a 12-month period. The study sought a better understanding of their conceptions by making a comparison between their perceptions prior to and after undertaking the course. Participants were from schools, universities and educational departments. Potential differences across the three sectors were also considered in the analysis. The findings showed that most participants developed more complex understandings of learning and leadership throughout the course. Comparison of conceptions prior to and after the course indicated an expanded range of conceptions. There was reportedly a movement towards more complex and diversified perspectives. Prior to the course, participants reported comparatively traditional conceptions of learning and leadership in quite a limited range. Learning experience and exposure to Western educational ideas and practices seems to have led participants to reflect on their inherited assumptions and to expand their conceptions. They generally increased their awareness of key aspects of variations in learning and leadership. This study identified a general shift from content/utilitarian-oriented learning conceptions to meaning/developmental-oriented conceptions after undertaking the course. There was also a shift from task/directiveorientated conceptions about leadership to motivation/collaborative-oriented leadership conceptions. Many participants reported that they expanded their leadership practice after the course. The findings also revealed some differences regarding conceptual and practice changes across the three sectors. The study contributes to understanding of learning and leadership in an international education context. The learning and leadership conceptions and self-reported practices are context and culture dependent. The study illustrates the tensions between different cultural forces in the process of teaching and learning. The methodology which explores the subjective understandings of participants renders more complex understandings of intercultural processes than cross-cultural comparisons which have been predominant in the educational leadership field in the past. The results highlight the need for appreciation of local contexts in designing international programs. The discussion questions the universal applicability and transferability of Western ideas, and also highlights the importance of critical reflection and adaptation on the part of educational practitioners from non-Western cultures. It highlights the potential for growth of change in both providers and recipients of international education as a result of very different cultures and traditions coming into contact. Intercultural dialogue and integration of educational ideas and practices are likely to come about when East meets West in an open and reflective dialogue.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe aptariama oro srauto greičio netolygumo aerodinaminiame vamzdyje problema ir aktualumas. Išanalizuota būdinga mokslinė literatūra ir aprašyti būdingiausi oro srauto greičio darbinės dalies skerspjūvyje nustatymo metodai. Naudojant CAD aplinkos programą sumodeliuotas trimatis aerodinaminio vamzdžio modelis ir pritaikius analizės baigtiniais elementais metodą, atliktas oro srauto greičio pasiskirstymo aerodinaminio vamzdžio darbinėje dalyje ir jos viduriniame skespjūvyje tyrimas. Tyrimo rezultatai išanalizuoti ir pateiktos išvados ir siūlymai. / In this master's thesis deals discusses the inadequacy of air flow speed in wind tunnel and the relevance of the problem. Performed analysis of the scientific literature and describe the most typical technique of air flow mesurements in wind tunnel. Using a CAD program modeled three-dimensional wind tunnel model and performed air flow velocity testing in wind tunenel test section and their midle cros area section usig CFD program. The results is evaluated and stated the conclusions and suggestions.

This essay investigates how mother tongue teachers in Sweden view cross-linguistic influence in the Spanish classroom. It focuses on three areas: the student groups’ linguistic profiles; the evaluation of described/presumed strengths and challenges within Spanish phonology, lexicon and morphosyntax; and perspectives on effective contrastive classroom practices. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers of Arabic, English, and Somali, which were analyzed phenomenographically. The results showed that the students are generally multilingual in their mother tongue, Swedish, and English, with proficiency varying according to birthplace. Whereas English was considered the main support for English-speaking students, Somali and Arabic students were deemed particularly facilitated by their mother tongue in morphosyntax and Swedish/English in lexicon, while phonology was mixed. Finally, there was consensus that Spanish classroom practices should include comparisons to mother tongues, Swedish, and English, by teachers and/or students. Having some mother tongue knowledge was thus deemed beneficial, albeit not essential, for Spanish teaching. / La presente tesina explora las perspectivas de profesores de lenguas maternas en Suecia hacia la influencia cros-lingüística en la enseñanza de español. Se enfoca en tres áreas: el perfil lingüístico de los estudiantes; la evaluación de fortalezas y desafíos descritos/ presumidos en la fonología, el lexicón y la morfosintaxis español; y las percepciones de buenas prácticas didácticas contrastivas. Se realizaron seis entrevistas con profesores del árabe, el inglés y el somalí, cuales se analizaron fenomenograficamente. Los resultados revelaron un multilingüismo estudiantil general de la lengua materna, el sueco y el inglés, con niveles variando según el país de crianza. Mientras el inglés se consideró el mejor apoyo para los estudiantes ingleses en todas áreas, los estudiantes somalíes y árabes se consideraron más facilitados por la lengua materna en asuntos morfosintácticos y el sueco/inglés en léxico, mientras la fonología resultó mezclada.  Finalmente, se concordó que la enseñanza de español debe incluir comparaciones hacia las lenguas maternas igual que el sueco y el inglés, por estudiantes o/y estudiantes. Consecuentemente, tener conocimientos básicos de lenguas maternas se consideró beneficial, si bien no imprescindible, para enseñar español.

Estimation de la fiabilité de prévision quantitative de pluie par radar, connaissant les caractéristiques des zones de précipitation et les paramètres relatifs à la stabilité de l'atmosphère. Importance du choix d'un critère de qualité. Méthodologie de vérification de la pertinence d'un critère relatif a l'utilisation ultérieure des prévisions. Application au cas de gestion automatisée du réseau d'assainissement en Seine-Saint-Denis. Définition d'un critère d'évaluation. Génération par segmentation et analyse discriminante linéaire de règles de décision utilisables en temps réel reliant caractéristiques de situation météorologique et qualité de prévisions.