62 10 ABSTRACT The object of this study was the influence of abiotic elicitor on the production of rutin in suspension culture of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. The culture was cultivated in Murashigeho and Skoog nutritive medium with growth regulator: 2,4−dichlorfenoxyacetic acid (1 ml/l). The ultrasound was used as abiotic elicitor (0,1 W/cm3 , 35 kHz) for time period of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min. The samples were taken 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours after elicitation. The kontrol samples (without the influence of ultrasound) were taken 24 and 168 hours after elicitation. The amount of rutin was analyzed by HPLC. Suspension culture of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. didn't produce any rutin under the influence of ultrasound. No release of rutin into the nutritive medium was observed during this study.

Medicinal plant cultures in vitro - XVI The subject of this diploma thesis is the evaluation of secondary metabolites production in Silybum marianum, (L.) Gaertn. cultures in vitro after elicitor treatment. The aim of the study was to find if an abiotic elicitor 5-tert-butyl-N-(4- chlorbenzyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide increases the flavonolignan production Silybum marianum cultures in vitro. Experiment was carried out in callus and suspension cultures of Silybum marianum using Murashige - Skoog nutrient medium supplemented with 10 mg/l α-naphthylacetic acid. The elicitor was added in the form of solution in three different concentrations (C1 = 3. 292.10-3 mol/l, C2 = 3. 292.10-4 mol/l and C3 = 3. 292.10-5 mol/l) and it was affecting 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours. The content of flavonolignans was determined by HPLC. The maximum flavonolignan production (0. 280 mg.g-1 DW) in callus culture was observed after 24 hours of elicitor application in concentration of C2 = 3. 292.10-4 mol/l, when the highest content of silychristin was detected. The second significant increase in flavonolignan production (0. 271 mg.g-1 DW) in callus culture was noticeable after 12 hours of elicitor treatment in concentration of C3 = 3. 292.10-5 mol/l, when the highest increase in silydianin and silybin B accumulation was found. The...

Active compounds have been always originated from plants. Plants though, were able to produce only very low amounts of them and that was the reason for trying many alternative ways of production, one of them being plant tissue culture cultivation. This method is any fragment of living tissue or organ taken from an intact plant or an already existing explant culture, with the intention of growing an artificial growth medium. Even this method though, is not able to produce large amounts compared to extraction from field plants. Elicitation is considered a possible way to increase the production of secondary metabolites. This method used the plant's own defense system, in order to increase the production of secondary metabolites in vitro. The compound which is used to produce the effect is called elicitor. During our experimental work I used as an elicitor the compound Ethephon (2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid) upon callus and suspension cultures of Hypericum perforatum, with intention to observe its effect on flavonoid production. This experiment was based on three different concentrations and six different withdrawal times, being 6, 12, 24, 72, 168 hours. The maximum effect of elicitor was reached with concentration c1 (1mg/100ml) after 12 hours and with concentration c3 (100mg/100ml) after 72 hours.

The subject of this study is the evaluation of secondary metabolites production in Hypericum perforatum L. cultures in vitro after elicitor treatment. The aim was to find if orthosilicic acid as abiotic elicitor increases the flavonoid and hypericin production in Hypericum perforatum L. cultures in vitro. Experiment was carried out in callus and suspension cultures of H. perforatum using Murashige - Skoog nutrient medium78 supplemented with 10 mg. ml-1 α-naphtylacetic acid as growth regulator. The elicitor was added in the form of solution in 3 different concentrations (C1 = 10.4047∙10-3 mol l-1 , C2 = 10.4047∙10-4 mol l-1 , C3 = 10.4047∙10-5 mol l-1 ), it was affecting 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours. The content of flavonoids and hypericin was determined by HPLC. Secondary metabolites release into nutrient medium was also a part of this study. The increasing flavonoid and hypericin production in callus cultures after elicitor application at any concentrations was not observed. The maximum flavonoid content (0.04 mg g-1 DW) in suspension culture was detected after 72 h of elicitor treatment in concentration of C1 where the maximum hyperoside production was observed. The maximum hypericin production (0.21 mg g-1 DW) in suspension culture was detected after 12 h of elicitor application in...

Production of secondary metabolites in the explant cultures of Trichocereus pachanoi (Cactaceae) Lucie Urbanová Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Pharmacy Key words: Trichocereus pachanoi, the explant cultures, mescaline, secondary metabolites, prodrugs, elicitation, cinnamic acid, sodium cinnamate, tryptophan, ozone, methylene blue The aim of this thesis was the research of effect of selected precursors and elicitors for secondary metabolite production of mescaline in explant cultures Trichocereus pachanoi. Suspension cultures were cultivated on the Murashige and Skoog medium with addition of the growth regulators 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine. To observe changes in production these precursors: cinnamic acid, sodium cinnamate and tryptophan, and these elicitors: ozone and methylene blue, were selected. Precursors were prepared and used in concentrations of 50, 100 and 500 mg·l-1. Ozone was added in two time slots, 5 and 10 seconds. Methylene blue has been used in concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 mg·l-1. Cultivation with added compounds lasted for 24 and 168 hours. The content of mescaline was determined by HPLC analysis. A statistically significant effect on the production of mescaline in vitro culture was proved only with...

Master of Science / Department of Grain Science and Industry / Bhadriraju Subramanyam / Hulya Dogan / Stored-product insects and stored products from feed mills and swine farms contain antibiotic and potentially virulent Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus gallinarum, and Enterococcus hirae. Stored-product insects can serve as potential vectors of these enterococci which possess antibiotic resistance genes that can be spread by horizontal transfer to more serious human pathogens. In the present study, the species and concentration of enterococci from adults and larvae of key stored-product insects and insect diets and their antibiotic resistance profile were characterized. Adults of five species out of the 15 stored-product insects were tested positive for enterococci, and these included Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), Sitophilus granarius (L.), Stegobium paniceum (L.), Lasioderma serricorne (F.), and Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. Three enterococcal species (E. casseliflavus, E. faecalis, and E. faecium) were found in 53 to 97% of the 30 adults screened for each insect species, and the enterococcal concentrations ranged from 1.4 x 10³ to 3.1 x 10⁶ CFU/adult. About 10 to 100% of the mature larvae of the respective five insect species had these three enterococcal species with concentrations ranging from 0.3 x 10¹ to 1.4 x 10⁵ CFU/larvae. Only three of the eight insect diets screened had the same three enterococci species in addition to E. gallinarum and E. hirae at concentrations of 0.2 x 10¹ to 5.9 x 10³ CFU/g. The greatest enterococcal concentration was found in C. maculatus adults but not in their larvae or diet (cowpeas). In C. maculatus during a nine-day period after adult eclosion, the enterococcal concentrations increased exponentially from 0.6 x 10¹ to a maximum of 4.1 x 10⁷ CFU/adult. Enterococci were detected in the fecal material of C. maculatus during a four-day period with a maximum concentration of 3.3 x 10³ CFU/adult on the fourth day. A total of 298 enterococcal isolates from adults, larvae, and diets were represented by E. faecalis (51.7% of the total), E. faecium (19.1%), E. casseliflavus (18.8%), E. gallinarum (5.7%), and E. hirae (4.7%). Enterococci were phenotypically resistant to quinupristin (51.3% of the total), erythromycin (38.9%), tetracycline (30.1%), enrofloxacin (29.2%), doxycycline (11.5%), and tigecycline (2.7%). All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin and vancomycin.

M.Tech. (Food Technology) / Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disease triggered by the ingestion of gluten; persons suffering from coeliac disease are compelled to follow a life-long gluten-free diet. Gluten-free bread, (GFB), has poor quality attributes compared to wheat bread. The effect of mageu, a traditional beverage on quality parameters of GFB with and without selected hydrocolloids was studied. Mageu produced from maize flour and commercial starter cultures were used in GFB based on sorghum, soybean flour and maize starch. It is hypothesized that mageu with or without hydrocolloids could improve GFB quality aspects. The quality parameters measured were specific volume, loaf height, bake loss, rheological attributes, crumb firmness, firming rate, onset of mould growth and sensory attributes: texture, crumb colour, crust colour, flavour and overall acceptability.....

1 ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague Faculty of pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of pharmacognosy Student: Kateřina Šandová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Kašparová, PhD. Title of diploma thesis: Plant tissue cultures as a potential source of phenylpropanoids II. This diploma thesis deals with the monitoring of jasmonic acid biotic elicitation impact on the production of podophyllotoxin in Juniperus virginiana suspension culture. The monitoring was carried out in two varieties of J. virginiana: var. 'Glauca' (7th and 19th passage) and var. 'Hetzii' (7th passage). The elicitation of the suspension culture was performed in 4 jasmonic acid concentrations: 0.005 mmol/l, 0.05 mmol/l, 0.5 mmol/l, 5 mmol/l. Samples were taken after 6, 24, 48 and 168 hours of elicitation. The best podophyllotoxin production increase was observed in the suspension culture of Juniperus virginiana var. 'Glauca' (7th passage). To achieve this result, the concentration of elicitor was 5 mmol/l and elicitor was applied for 168 hours. The podophyllotoxin production percentage was 0.067% and production increased by 179% over the control. Keywords: Juniperus virginiana, suspension cultures, podophyllotoxin, elicitation

A thesis submitted to the School of Education, Faculty of the Humanities, of the University of the Witwatersrand in the fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education JOHANNESBURG NOVEMBER 2015 / This study provides an analysis of the role of university councils in Historically Disadvantaged Institutions (HDIs) in bringing about effective governance. It adopts a case study approach of a single institution which became a comprehensive university following the Higher Education post-1994 transformation agenda in South Africa. The study explores the role of systems, structures and cultures of university councils in promoting effective university governance. It arises from widespread concern about poor university governance which has resulted in no less 10 institutions being placed under administration in the post-1994 democratic era. This study used a range of theoretical and methodological approaches. The theoretical approaches involved the use of the following concepts as an organizing framework: “structures of university councils”, “systems of university councils”, “cultures of university councils” and “empowered individuals” or “groups of individuals”. The methodological approaches involved data collection within a sequential-exploratory mixed methods research interpretive paradigm and the positivist research paradigms. The process of data collection involved; the use of institutional documents, interviews with 19 different members of the university council and study surveys with available 17 university teaching staff, 48 university non-teaching staff and 255 university students. The process of data analysis involved the use of content analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of this study show that the institutional structures of the university council are business oriented in organization although strongly characterised by institutional stakeholder relationships. This has led to effective governance practices being tied around forms of stakeholder propositions such as increased sectoral deployment of constituency cadres to champion particular stakeholder interest at the university council. The results of this study indicate this has led to conditions and instances where the systemic due processes of the university council are prone to stakeholder control. This is due to instances of unpreparedness for general council and committee meetings an outcome of sectoral deployment of individuals who have little if not no idea of the due processes at the systems level of the university council and reliance on informal stakeholder constituent networks as a mode of trust governance. This has led to less sovereignty for critical autonomy to check on strong stakeholder configurations at the university council leading to reproduction of dormant stakeholder interests. At the cultural level of the university council the results of this study show that to respond to these conditions the university council has become stakeholder managerial driven. The university council cultural governance actions as governance role practices are strongly stakeholder enthused. The implication of governance stance has caused contestations between the less empowered institutional stakeholders represented at the university council and the university council over practices that are seen as perpetuating marginalisation of the less empowered institutional stakeholders represented at the university council. As a result it has led to adoption of partisan modes of stakeholder institutional governance practices like caucuses, stakeholder deployment, protest, and unionisation. This thesis as a recommendation makes a case through an emerging model of university governance known as the structural-systemic-cultural university governance model. This model suggests that for the university council to be able to provide effective university governance in such comprehensive institutional contexts, it should take in consideration the following: At the structural level, governance should be characterised by practices that recognise the place of the university council in decision-making process in the university institution, governance capacity-building, networked committee regimes, effective representation and utilisation of delegated institutional governance spaces. At the systemic level, governance should be characterised by practices that value stakeholder contribution, support well-informed of committees of council, well informed constituents, accountability and compliance engagement as part of the core due processes of the university council. At the cultural level, governance should be characterised by practices that appreciate accessible governance spaces, accommodativeness, negotiated positions and shared accountabilities as part of the primary bases that characterise institutional culture of the university governing council. Key words: university council, structures, systems, cultures, effective university governance, comprehensive university

A tese privilegiou o estudo das trajetórias de famílias seringueiras, na entrefronteiras de áreas da Amazônia Sul-Ocidental: Estado do Acre (Brasil) e o Departamento de Pando (Bolívia). Os dados obtidos em quatro anos de pesquisa revelam um contexto de articulações entre culturas neste espaço constituindo identidades sob um eco silencioso da teia social de homens e mulheres nos interstícios latino-americanos dos Rios Abunã e Acre. Assim, a investigação sobre a experiência sociocultural destes sujeitos a partir da conjuntura do deslocamento de trabalhadores brasileiros para os seringais bolivianos como parte do processo de internacionalização dos conflitos sócio agrários do Brasil, em particular da Amazônia, mais evidente nas décadas de 1970 de 1980. Isto possibilitou uma leitura específica acerca das fronteiras brasileiras, nomeadamente, da zona fronteiriça interamericana e amazônica para além das dimensões jurídicas e políticas de Soberania Nacional, por entender que a região fronteiriça em estudo faz parte do/no universo da tradição do seringueiro, sem perder de vista que atravessar a fronteira nas condições vivenciadas por este trabalhador, resultou não apenas em ser um estrangeiro, mas, em um sem-direito. Desta forma, foi possível reconhecer as representações sobre cultura, fronteira e identidade elaboradas pelos próprios sujeitos amordaçados ou não pelos silêncios nas entre-condições do vivido em razão das implicações geopolíticas, econômicas, sociais e culturais. Para tanto, foi considerado a diversidade cultural e histórica como lócus que implicou pensar as diferenças, mas, também as trocas e negociações culturais. Isto conduziu a pesquisa aos postulados, especialmente, de Homi Bhabha que conclui a cultura como um lócus de um processo de ambiguidades histórico. Neste sentido, a tese aponta os entrelugares fronteiriços que localizam os chamados brasivianos na primeira década do século XXI como campos de possibilidades que permitiu analisar as temporalidades dos encontros e desencontros das experiências constituídas ao longo da história. Este processo é percebido no contexto do inicio do século XXI em razão do reconhecimento e da organização das comunidades de Arroyo Seco e Los Angeles, colocado em prática pelos governos: brasileiro e boliviano com a assinatura do Acodo Bilateral/2008. Portanto, estas traduzem sob o enfoque da dinâmica social, as divisões e interações de brasivianidade nas Amazônias e expõem que o Brasiviano é acima de tudo uma forma de expressar a entre-condição de homens e mulheres como sujeitos participantes de um processo de alteridade e hibridização representantes dos espaços interamericanos e amazônicos / The thesis focused the study of the trajectories of families rubber in between the borders of areas of Southwestern Amazonia: State of Acre (Brazil) and the Department of Pando (Bolivia). The data from four years of research reveal a context of connections between cultures in this space constituting identities under a silent echo of the social network of men and women in Latin American Rivers interstices of Abunã and Acre. Thus, research on the sociocultural experience of these subjects from the situation of Brazilian workers to shift Bolivian rubber as part of the internationalization of agrarian social conflicts of Brazil, particularly in the Amazon, most obvious process in the 1970s, 1980. this allowed specific about the borders of Brazil, namely, inter-American and Amazonian border area beyond the legal and political dimensions of National Sovereignty reading, understanding that the border region under study is part of the universe in the tradition of rubber, without losing view that cross the \"border\" conditions experienced by this worker, resulted not only in an alien, but a \"no-right\". Thus, it was possible to recognize the representations of culture, identity and border drawn by the subjects themselves or not muzzled by the \"silences\" in-between the living conditions because of geopolitical, economic, social and cultural implications. Therefore, it was considered the cultural and historical diversity as a locus which involved understanding the differences, but also cultural exchanges and negotiations. This research led to the postulates, especially Homi Bhabha concludes that culture as a locus of a process of historical ambiguities. In this sense, the thesis points out the border between places located so-called \"brasivianos\" in the first decade of this century as a field of possibilities that allowed us to analyze the temporalities of the comings and goings of the experiences recorded throughout history. This process is perceived in the context of the beginning of the XXI century due to recognition of the organization and the communities of Arroyo Seco and Los Angeles, put in place by governments: Brazilian and Bolivian with the signing of the Bilateral Acodo / 2008. Therefore, these translate from the standpoint of social dynamics, \"di-visions\" and interactions brasivianidade the Amazons and expose the Brasiviano is above all a way of expressing the condition between men and women as individuals participating in a process alterity of hybridization and representatives of inter-American and Amazonian areas