O protocolo International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)-61850 tornou possível integrar os equipamentos das subestações de energia elétrica, através de uma rede de comunicação de dados Ethernet de alta velocidade. A utilização deste protocolo tem como objetivo principal a interligação dos Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) para a automatização dos processos no sistema elétrico. As contribuições deste protocolo para a integração do controle e supervisão do sistema elétrico são diversas, porém, o fato de utilizar uma rede de comunicação de dados Ethernet integrada expõe o sistema elétrico à ataques cibernéticos. A norma IEC-62351 estabelece uma série de recomendações para prover segurança à rede de comunicação do sistema elétrico, dentre elas, o gerenciamento da rede de comunicação, a análise dos campos da mensagem Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) e a utilização de sistemas de detecção de intrusão. O presente trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um Intrusion Detection System (IDS) que atende os requisitos de segurança propostos pelo protocolo IEC-62351, para a identificação de ataques à comunicação realizada por mensagens GOOSE do protocolo IEC-61850, e entre equipamentos do sistema elétrico. Para o desenvolvimento desta aplicação, foram identificados os campos que compõem as mensagens GOOSE, de forma a reconhecer os valores esperados em diferentes situações de operação do sistema elétrico. Determinaram-se padrões de comportamento a serem utilizados para discernir mensagens falsas na rede de comunicação. Instalou-se e configurou-se um sistema operacional de tempo real embarcado na plataforma de desenvolvimento Zynq Board (ZYBO), juntamente com o controlador Open-Mul, para gerenciar a rede de comunicação da subestação, através do protocolo OpenFlow, realizando otimizações para o tráfego multicast. Foi desenvolvido um sistema de detecção e bloqueio de mensagens GOOSE falsas que utiliza o protocolo OpenFlow para controle da rede de comunicação do Sistema Elétrico. Desenvolveu-se ainda um sistema inteligente, utilizando-se uma Rede Neural Artificial (RNA) Nonlinear Autoregressive Model with Exogenous Input (NARX), para predição do tráfego realizado por mensagens GOOSE e detecção de ataques Distributed Deny of Service (DDOS). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o protocolo OpenFlow pode ser uma ferramenta interessante para controle da rede, porém, os fabricantes necessitam amadurecer sua implementação nos switches, para que sejam utilizados em produção nas redes de comunicação das subestações. O sistema de predição do tráfego gerado por mensagens GOOSE apresentou benefícios interessantes para a segurança da rede de comunicação, demonstrando potencial para compor um sistema de detecção de ataques DDOS realizado por mensagens GOOSE, na rede de comunicação das subestações de energia elétrica. / The IEC-61850 made it possible to integrate equipments of electric power system substations to a high-speed Ethernet data communication network. Its main goal is the interconnection of IEDs for the automation of processes in an electrical system. The contributions of this protocol for the integration of the control and supervision of the electrical system are diverse, although an Ethernet network exposes the electrical system for cyber attacks. The IEC-62351 states a series of recommendations to provide security to the communication network of the electrical system, such as the communication network management, the analysis of GOOSE messages and the use of intrusion detection systems. This study describes the development of an IDS that meets the security requirements proposed by the IEC-62351 standard to identify attacks on communication between GOOSE messages exchanged by electrical equipment using IEC-61850. For the development of this application, fields of the GOOSE messages were identified, in order to recognize the expected values in different power system operating conditions. Behaviour patterns were determined to detect false messages on the communication network. A real-time embedded operating system on ZYBO was installed and configured, as well as the OpenMul controller to manage the communication network of the substation through the OpenFlow protocol, performing optimizations for multicast traffic. A detection system and block tamper GOOSE messages, using the OpenFlow protocol for control of the electrical system communication network, were developed. In addition, an intelligent system using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Nonlinear Autoregressive Model with Exogenous Input (NARX) for predicting of the GOOSE messages traffic and the detection of Distributed Deny of Service attack (DDOS) were also developed. The results obtained show that the OpenFlow protocol may be a valuable tool for network control, however, manufacturers should maturely carry on with its implementation in the switches, so that it be used in substation communication networks. The traffic prediction system of the GOOSE messages presented interesting benefits for the security of the communication network, demonstrating potential to built a DDOS attack detection system performed by GOOSE messages on the communication network of electric power substations.

Video gaming has always been a blooming industry. With the emergence of online multi- player video games , this industry’s worth have sky rocketed. Online multiplayer video games store data of player’s credentials, in-game progress, in-game virtual assets and payment details etc. Which mean security threats to these systems are nothing new and securing these games have always meant to protect player’s data from unauthorized breach. Integration of Blockchain technology in online multiplayer video games apart from other amazing features, provides a way to prove digital ownership of virtual assets with their verifiable scarcity. Trade of these in-game virtual assets have always been a goal for online multiplayer gaming companies, but there was none enough trust-able infrastructure available which can be relied on. Blockchain just solved that problem. It provided a platform for these asset’s secure and transparent transaction between players. Topic for our research not only consider the security challenges in online games but specifi- cally blockchain based online multiplayer games. This adaptation is still new and there is need of consideration of new security challenges. In this dissertation we try to bring out some important challenges related to security of blockchain based online multiplayer video games. There are currently no studies around security concerns and challenges of the integration of the online multiplayer video games in the emerging blockchain systems. In order to fill in the gap, this dissertation discusses and identifies two main security concerning questions related to this domain. Also this dissertation provides basic steps for expanding future research and application in this joint domain.

Secure information exchanges over cyberspace is on the increase due to the convergence of wireless and mobile access technologies in all businesses. Accordingly, with the proliferation of diverse multicast group service subscriptions that are possible to co-exist within a single broadband network, there is also huge demand by the mobile subscribers to ubiquitously access these services over high speed broadband using their portable devices. Likewise, the Network Providers (NPs) invest hugely in infrastructure deployment to disseminate these services efficiently and concomitantly. Therefore, cyber security in any business is obligatory to restrict access of disseminated services to only authorised personnel. This becomes a vital requirement for a successful commercialisation of exchanged group services. The standard way to achieve cyber security in a wireless mobile multicast communication environment is through confidentiality using Group Key Management (GKM).The existing GKM schemes for secure wireless multicast from literature only target single group service confidentiality; however, the adoption of multiple group service confidentiality in them involve inefficient management of keys that induce huge performance overheads unbearable for real time computing. Therefore, a novel authenticated GKM scheme for multiple multicast group subscriptions known as slot based multiple group key management (SMGKM) is proposed. In the SMGKM, the handovers move across diverse decentralised clusters of homogeneous or heterogeneous wireless access network technologies while participating in multiple group service subscriptions. Unlike the conventional art, the SMGKM advances its security by integrating location based authentication and GKM functions. Both functions are securely offloaded from the Domain Key Distributor (DKD) to the intermediate cluster controllers, Area Key Distributors (AKDs), in a distributed fashion, using the proposed location based authenticated membership list (SKDL). A significant upgrade of fast handoff performance with reduced performance overheads of the SMGKM scheme is achieved. The developed numerical analysis and the simulation results display significant resource economy in terms of reduced rekeying transmission, communication bandwidth and storage overheads while providing enhanced security. The performance of the SMGKM in a high speed environment is also evaluated and has demonstrated that SMGKM outperforms the previous work. Finally, the SMGKM correctness against various attacks is verified using BAN logic, the eminent tool for analysing the widely deployed security protocols. The security analysis demonstrates that SMGKM can counteract the security flaws and redundancies identified in the chosen related art.

Les systèmes de contrôle et d'automatisation industriels (IACS - Industrial Control and Automation Systems) reposent largement et de plus en plus sur les Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication. A l'origine, les IACS utilisaient des protocoles propriétaires sur des réseaux fermés, assurant ainsi une sécurité par obscurité et isolement. Mais les technologies et les usages ont évolué et cette sécurité intrinsèque n'existe plus désormais. Cette évolution concerne entre autre le domaine électrique : le réseau électrique devenant le "smart grid".Le standard IEC 61850 est un pilier pour le développement du smart grid. Il a pour objectif de rendre possible l'interopérabilité dans les "Systèmes et réseaux de communication pour l'automatisation des services de distribution d'énergie". Pour cela, la norme définit un modèle de données commun ainsi qu'une pile de protocoles répondant à divers besoins de communication.Le standard IEC 61850 n'aborde pas la question de la cyber sécurité malgré une prise de conscience générale qu'un risque cyber pèse sur les IACS.Ces travaux de recherche proposent de répondre à cette question de la cyber sécurité par de la détection d'intrusion dans les réseaux IEC 61850, et plus précisément dans les communications temps-réel GOOSE. L'idée est d'exploiter au maximum les sources d'informations que sont les spécifications du protocole et la configuration du système pour développer un système de détection d'intrusion réseau (NIDS - Network Intrusion Detection System) sur mesure. Cette approche comportementale déterministe est un gage de précision de détection.Ce manuscrit compte quatre chapitres. Les deux premiers consistent en un état de l'art détaillé sur les NIDS pour les IACS d'une part, et l'analyse du risque cyber d'autre part. Les deux autres chapitres présentent les contributions proprement dites de ces travaux de thèse. Le chapitre 3 explore tout d'abord le risque cyber pesant sur un poste électrique et pouvant compromettre la sûreté de fonctionnement du système. Dans un deuxième temps, est proposée une extension du modèle de données IEC 61850 dédiées à la détection d'intrusion dans les communication GOOSE. Le chapitre 4 commence avec la démonstration expérimentale de la faisabilité d'une attaque de type injection de données sur le protocole GOOSE, puis explique comment utiliser les fichiers de configuration du système pour spécifier les règles de détection. Un analyseur syntaxique pour le protocole GOOSE a été intégré à l'analyseur de trafic open source Bro, permettant l'implémentation d'un algorithme de détection. / Information and Communication Technologies have been pervading Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS) for a few decades now. Initially, IACS ran proprietary protocols on closed networks, thus ensuring some level of security through obscurity and isolation. Technologies and usages have evolved and today this intrinsic security does not exist any longer, though. This transition is in progress in the electricity domain, the power infrastructure turning into the "smart grid".The IEC 61850 standard is key to the smart grid development. It is aimed at making interoperability possible in ``Communication networks and systems for power utility automation''. It thus defines a common data object model and a stack of protocols answering different purposes.Although the cyber risk in IACS is now widely acknowledged, IEC 61850 does not address cyber security in any way whatsoever.This work tackles the question of cyber security through network intrusion detection in IEC 61850 networks, and more specifically in real-time GOOSE communications. The idea is to get the most out of the protocol specifications and system configuration while developing a tailored NIDS. This enables detection accuracy.

This dissertation thesis is dedicated to on-line services security management from service provider's and service consumer's viewpoints. The main goal is to propose a framework for on-line services security risk management, to develop a supporting software tool prototype and to validate them through a case study performed in a real-world environment. The key components of the proposed framework are a threat model and a risk model. These models are designed to fit specific features of on-line services and the surrounding environment. A risk management process is an integral part of the framework. The process is suitable for frequent and recurrent risk assessments. The process comprises of eight steps, related roles and responsibilities are defined for each step. The process execution results in identification and execution of proper tasks which contribute to treatment of identified security risks and deficiencies. Documentation and reporting of an overall level of on-line services security over time is possible if the process is executed on a regular basis. The proposed framework was validated through a case study performed in a large enterprise environment.

The master’s thesis deals with the management of cyber security in a manufacturing company. The theoretical part contains concepts and knowledge of cyber security and discusses the current requirements of legislation and standards of the ISO/IEC 27000 series. In practical part are proposed measures to increase cyber security and information security based on the theoretical background and analysis of current state in the selected company.

Master thesis is concerned with assessing the state of information security and its use as an indicator of corporate performance in energy company. Chapter analysis of the problem and current situation presents findings on the state of information security and implementation stage of ISMS. The practical part is focused on risk analysis and assessment the maturity level of processes, which are submitted as the basis for the proposed security measures and recommendations. There are also designed metrics to measure level of information security.

This diploma thesis focuses on human resources mainly in Critical information infrastructure and Important information systems. Thesis focuses on the most frequent threats for users and design possible model of threat reduction. Integral part of results is designing of effective security awareness education program according to the Law on Cyber Security.

The master’s thesis focuses on GAP analysis of information security management system. The thesis consists of theoretical, analytical and practical part. The first part discusses the theoretical background of the issue of information and cyber security. The analytical part describes the current condition of the researched company. The thesis’s output is the draft of risk register and draft of security countermeasures implementation. The draft targets on countermeasures leading to increase information security in company.

This diploma thesis deals with the management of security information, according to ISO/IEC 27005 and it is implementation in the Verinice software environment. The risk information management process is applied to a critical infrastructure, that is connected to a optical fiber network. The work focuses on incidents aimed at threatening data from optical threats and active network elements in transmission systems. The result of the work is defined as a risk file in the .VNA format containing identified risks, for which appropriate measures are implemented in connection with the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001, for the protection of critical infrastructures and transmitted data in the transmission system.