The master’s thesis deals with thermal treatment of biomass and with reduction of emission, which originate during this process. First part speaks commonly about biomass incineration and about technologies for emission reduction, especially cyclones. Practical part of this paper involves description of multicyclone evaluation by different authors and the comparison on of the evaluation on a case study of concrete multicyclone.

This thesis is focused on separation water drops from jet of steam. Liested are some of basic principles of separation of moisture and particles, as well as equipment, which are using these principles. Furthemore, this thesis include the part devoted to water drop formation during condesation of vapor. Last part is focused on the design of cyclone separator.

This work reviews the development frameworks available for the Altera System-On-Chip solutions. These solutions are then compared to solutions available on the Xilinx platform. The RSoC Framework is then presented as an advantageous alternative for the vendor's solutions. This framework is currently available for the Xilinx Zynq platform. Furthermore the work assess the key differences between Xilinx Zynq and Altera Cyclone V SoC platforms and proposes the solution to port the framework to Altera platform. The design and implementation of then RSoC Framework port to Altera Cyclone V SoC is then discussed. Finally the work evaluates the performance of the ported system on the new platform.

Climate and weather play a significant role in patterns of air pollution occurrence and severity. An analysis of the effect of weather on pollution parameters in Hong Kong was performed. Hong Kong is one of the world's most densely populated regions and air pollution can be problematic, which is a serious public health concern. Hong Kong is impacted by Tropical Cyclones which strongly affect weather patterns. In this research, a twelve-year record (2007-2018) of tropical cyclone (TC) and pollutant concentrations (carbon monoxide, ground-level ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter) were analyzed to investigate the effects of TC on air quality. It is found that the occurrences of TC are strongly related to days with elevated particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide concentrations (above 90th percentile), and low concentrations (below the 10th percentile) for nitrogen dioxide. In particular, the spatial location of TC with respect to Hong Kong is found to be clearly associated with high or low pollutant concentrations. When the TC is located to the North/Northeast of Hong Kong, the air quality tends to be poor because polluted air from mainland China is advected over the city. Conversely, TC located to the West resulted in good air quality by ventilating the city with relatively clean air from the ocean. / Graduate

Many flood risk assessments are based on instrumental records less than a century in length. Sedimentary and historical archives provide the opportunity to extend flood records by several centuries to millennia. In doing so these longer flood records provide opportunities for improving upon current flood risk assessment and gaining additional insight on the various climatic and geomorphic processes that drive changes in flood frequency. Such a reconstruction has not been attempted previously for Boston, MA where extratropical cyclones (ETC) are currently the dominant mechanism of coastal flooding. Here, we present both a historical reconstruction of extreme storm tides to affect Boston Harbor, and an independent geologic assessment of extreme flooding based on flood deposits preserved within the sediments of Bartlett Pond, a back-barrier coastal pond located 60 kilometers south of Boston. The historical reconstruction presented here identifies events of extreme flooding back to 1723, which are temporally consistent with overwash deposits identified from the sedimentary analysis at Bartlett Pond. Bartlett Pond is beyond the influence of significant dredging, landfill and dam projects within Boston Harbor. The consistency between extreme flood occurrences in Boston and Bartlett Pond therefore suggest that these man-made alterations have had a minimal impact on extreme flooding to the harbor. Additional modeling work is necessary however to provide confirmation on this initial finding. While flooding associated with the Blizzard of 1978 appears to be an anomaly in the modern instrumental record, our new historical/sedimentological record identify 6 additional events of similar size since European colonization, suggesting an under-assessment of the risk of these types of extreme events for Boston by as much as 300%. Additionally, the 1000 yr Bartlett Pond sedimentary reconstruction appears to show an increase in overwash frequency over the last 300 – 500 years when compared to the 500 years prior. A similar increase in ETC flooding has been observed in nearby sedimentological archives from the Gulf of Maine and could possibly be explained by variations in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and/or changes in sea surface temperature.

This thesis research involves a reanalysis of the National Hurricane Center?s Atlantic Basin Hurricane Database (HURDAT) for 1916, 1918, 1927, 1928, and 1935. Newly available meteorological records from ship logs (COADS) along with recently discovered historical documents were used to reassess tropical cyclone location and intensity. Tropical cyclone track and intensity alterations are discussed in detail in a supporting metadata file. The overall results of the reanalysis process were minor alterations, with some major changes, to the track and intensity of tropical cyclones in HURDAT. Four tropical storms were added: one in 1918, one in 1927, and two in 1935. Three tropical storms were deleted: one in 1918 and two in 1916. However, the overall tropical activity remained nearly the same for the study period. This research is significant because it will strengthen our understanding of hurricane climatology and improve forecast models that utilize HURDAT.

Severe weather events frequently affect important marine fish stocks and fisheries along the United States Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts. However, the effects of these events on fish and fisheries are not well understood. The availability of self-reported data from two fisheries in a region frequently affected by tropical cyclones provided a unique opportunity to investigate short-term responses to past events. This study involved selecting severe weather events, calculating changes in effort and catch-per-unit- effort (CPUE), and analyzing those changes across various temporal, spatial, and species-specific scenarios. Responses in each variable were analyzed within and across scenario factors and explored for correlations and linear multivariate relationships with hypothesized explanatory variables. A negative overall directional change was identified for logbook fishing effort. Based on both correlations and linear models, changes in logbook fishing effort were inversely related to changes in average maximum wind speed. Severe weather events are more likely to affect fishing effort than catch rates of reef-fish species. However, lack of responses in CPUE may also relate to the ability of this study to detect changes. The temporal and spatial scales analyzed in this study may not have been adequate for identifying changes in effort for the headboat fishery, or in CPUE for either fishery. Although there was no region-wide response in CPUE associated with severe weather events, further research on this topic is necessary to determine if storm-induced changes in fishery data are likely strong, long-lasting, or widespread enough to influence the outcome of stock-wide assessments. / Master of Science

Wind shear negatively impacts tropical cyclone (TC) intensity by disrupting the TC vortex and introducing lower equivalent potential temperature (θe) air, weakening the core. However, the ocean, a source of heat, aids in replenishing low θe boundary layer air, mitigating shear-induced ventilation effects. Favorable oceanic conditions, like higher sea-surface temperatures (SST), prevail in storm-relative motion quadrants not yet influenced by the TC. The interaction between storm-relative (e.g., SST) and shear-relative (e.g., ventilation) frameworks remains unclear. I propose an optimal overlap of shear-relative and motion-relative storm quadrants, where shear-induced weakening is minimized due to enhanced boundary layer recovery in a favorable ocean environment. This study presents a novel dataset comprising of co-located aircraft expendable bathythermographs (AXBT) and dropsondes from TROPIC and TC-DROPS datasets. Statistical analyses reveal air-sea correlations that cause up-shear and front-storm quadrant overlaps to be most beneficial to TC health, with investigation into the physical mechanisms driving these relationships.

La prévision de l'intensité des cyclones tropicaux est aujourd'hui un enjeu scientifique majeur. Parmi de nombreux facteurs multi-échelle, l'impact de la microphysique nuageuse et des aérosols sur les variations d'intensité a été récemment mis en évidence. Cette problématique a motivé l'évaluation du schéma microphysique à 2-moments LIMA en milieu tropical et le développement d'un couplage avec le schéma d'aérosols ORILAM au sein du modèle atmosphérique Meso-NH. L'intérêt de ce développement numérique est d'inclure l'émission des aérosols marins en fonction des vents cycloniques et des paramètres océaniques. L'application de ce couplage aérosols-microphysique à la simulation du cyclone tropical Dumile (2013) montre que le modèle couplé tend à améliorer la représentation de l'intensité, la trajectoire, la structure microphysique du cyclone tropical et les précipitations associées, en comparaison avec les observations. La production secondaire des cristaux de glace est également un thème de recherche actif en microphysique nuageuse. Ainsi, une paramétrisation du processus de rupture collisionnelle de la glace a été implémentée dans le schéma microphysique LIMA. L'impact de ce processus a été testé sur le développement d'un orage des moyennes latitudes et sur le cyclone tropical Dumile. Les deux cas d'étude ont des réponses similaires vis-à-vis de ce processus : une augmentation de la concentration et de la masse des cristaux de glace et une diminution des cumuls de précipitations. La poursuite de ces travaux pourrait permettre de déterminer si ce processus de formation secondaire peut améliorer la modélisation de la couverture cirriforme des cyclones tropicaux. / Intensity forecast of tropical cyclones is a major scientific issue. Among many factors, the impact of cloud microphysics and aerosols on intensity variations has been recently underlined. This issue motivated the evaluation of the 2-moment microphysical scheme LIMA in a tropical context and the development of a coupling with the aerosol scheme ORILAM into the atmospheric model Meso-NH. The interest of this numerical development is to represent the emission of sea salt aerosols depending on cyclonic winds and oceanic parameters. The application of this aerosols-microphysics coupling to the simulation of tropical cyclone Dumile (2013) shows that the coupled model tends to improve the representation of the intensity, the track, the microphysical structure of the tropical cyclone and the associated precipitation, when comparing with observations. The secondary production of ice crystals is also an active research topic in cloud microphysics. A parameterization of the collisional ice break-up process is thus implemented into the microphysical scheme LIMA. The impact of this process has been analyzed on a mid-latitude storm and on tropical cyclone Dumile. Both case studies display similar results regarding this process: an increase of ice crystals concentration and mass, and a decrease of precipitation. The continuation of this work could allow to determine if this process of secondary formation could improve the cirrus modelling in tropical cyclones.

Introduction The COSTIS system is a commercially available target station for the irradiation of solid targets. Up to 3 targets can be provided for irradiation by a slot system. In standard setup the target can be ejected via a pneumatically driven piston system. The target is then allowed to drop down into an open lead container, which can be closed remotely afterwards. The described procedure is well established and reliable. But the concept is limited to low dose targets and environments. The required entering of the cyclotron vault for manual pick up of the container at the cyclotron and the light 18 mm Pb lead shielding of the container itself cause exposure risk for the personnel after long term irradiations with highly activated cyclotron parts and target. The purpose of this work was the design of an alternative for the pickup and the transport of irradiated targets to minimize the radiation dosage of the personnel during manual handling of the COSTIS-lead container. Principle The new designed transport system still uses the software controlled target ejection function of the COSTIS/IBA-system. With ejection the target capsule is allowed to fall into a PTFE-container. To assure a safe target drop into the PTFE container, the gap between the target guiding plate and the PTFE container is smaller than d/2 of the target capsule. After target ejection the PTFE-container can be transferred remotely from target ejection position (1) to the loading station (2) with a target slide. The loading station allows the transfer of the PTFE container remotely into a lead container (60 mm Pb). Now the vault door is used as carrier of the Pb-container. For this purpose a proper fixture for the Pb-container is mounted at the front side of the vault door and via opening the vault door the container is safely transported out of the vault. Outside the container will be finally closed with a lid and transferred to a trolley for further handling. Due to positioning of the container at a certain altitude together with the deep positioning of the target coin inside of the container, the subsequent closing of the container does not cause significant dosage, a more complicated automatic closing system is not mandatory. After replacement of the lead container further transfers can be executed without entering the vault. For this purpose the exchanged Pb-container is placed at the loading station by closing the vault door and a new PTFE-container will be transferred remotely from a magazine onto the target slide, which again can be re-motely positioned at target ejection position. The magazine of PTFE-Containers holds two replacements in accordance with the maximal capacity of the target slot system of the COSTIS station. The remote system of the transport unit uses redundant feedback signals for a reliable and safe operation. Results and Conclusion The newly implemented transport system allows a significant reduction of the radiation dose during pickup and transport of the irradiated solid targets. No entering of the vault is needed after irradiation. The system is highly reliable due to its redundant and straightforward design (2-fold position switches and photoelectric barriers). Due to fixed attachment points in the vault and at the BTL the mobile unit can be easily removed or mounted. The system is maintenance free and all parts easy accessible. For further handling of the targets lead containers were design to fit in the transfer locks of hot cells. The transfer can be carried out directly from the trolley. Container lid and PTFE container are suited for manipulator handling in hot cells.