Master of Arts / The study of the life and edition of the music of the Spanish chapelmaster and polyphonist Andres de Torrentes (1510-1580) provide the student of Renaissance music with an ideal starting-point both for the study of the thirty-four polyphonic choirbooks held in the archive of Toledo Cathedral and, in turn, for an investigation into the musical life of sixteenth-century Toledo. Torrentes is a logical starting-point because, like his contemporaries Cristobal de Morales (ca.. 1500- 1553), Francisco Guerrero (1528-1599), Sebastian de Vivanco (ca. 1550-1622), Juan Navarro (ca. 1530-1580) and Tomas Luis de Victoria (ca. 1548-1611), he was a prolific composer and one whose musical output, according to Stevenson, "entitles him to the rank of a major composer" Over fifty of Torrentes works are preserved, in manuscript, in Toledo and they include examples of all the important sacred musical genres of the sixteenth century. The manuscript sources of Torrentes1 polyphony have, moreover, survived the accidents of history which have claimed the works of so many of his Spanish contemporaries. Torrentes' career as the longest serving chapelmaster of the Spanish primatial Cathedral in Toledo in the sixteenth century was spread over three separate terms and a study of his career,based upon primary sources, provides us with valuable insights into a period which spans forty-two years (from Torrentes1 first appearance in 1538 until his death in 1580) in the life of one of the most active musical centres of Renaissance Spain. Previous research into the music of the siglo de oro falls into two clearly distinguishable 'waves', the first of which was carried out in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by Spanish scholars such as Pedrell, Angles, Eslava, Elustiza and Rubio Piqueras. With the exception of two studies by Rubio Piqueras, the scholarly literature produced by this group of pioneers mentions next to nothing of either Torrentes or his music. To Rubio Piqueras fell the honour of publishing the first catalogue of the polyphonic choirbooks of Toledo Cathedral2 and the first study devoted to the music and musicians of Toledo Cathedral.3 To date, however, only three of Torrentes pieces have been published and none of the Toledan manuscript choirbooks have received the study they undoubtedly deserve. Although the second, more recent 'wave' of research was the first to employ the thorough methods of modern musicology, it has been preoccupied with a handful of major composers whose works were published during their own lifetimes, namely, Morales, Vivanco, Guerrero, Navarro, and Victoria. It was headed by Stevenson, whose authoritative monograph Spanish Cathedral Music in the Golden Age remains the most thorough and accurate account of the field. Even here, though, Torrentes is relegated to a two-sentence footnote. His name is mentioned, in passing, in Reese's Music in the Renaissance as one of a number of "Spanish composers who flourished about the middle of the sixteenth century, but who are not known to have pursued careers in Italy"4. A similar mention appears in The New Oxford History of Music5. In Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart6, Torrentes is afforded two sentences and a very incomplete and inaccurate list of works. Similar brief references together with inaccurate and/or incomplete lists of works appear in Eitnerrs Biographisch-bibliographisches Quellen- Lexikon7 and Riemann's Musik-Lexikon8. The most accurate account of Torrentes' life and works is Stevenson's entry in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians9. The present thesis is limited to a study of Torrentes' biography based upon primary sources, a detailed examination of the major manuscript sources of his music and an edition of all of the composer's music which is known to survive- Although some new information concerning performance practices in sixteenthcentury Toledo has been brought to light10, a detailed discussion of this important question lies outside the scope of the present work as, indeed, does a style-critical study of the music itself.

Univ., Diss., 2009--Marburg.

x, 74 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Although the earliest depictions of Faustus portray him as an astrologer, very few publications to date have touched on the role of astrology in the life of this infamous character. Parallel to the decline in astrological sciences beginning in the seventeenth century, post-Scientific Revolution depictions of Faust have deemphasized astrology as a primary pursuit of the figure. I examine the status of astrology in four versions of the Faust(us) myth: The anonymous Historia von D. Johann Fausten and its English translation/adaptation as The English Faust Book, Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faustus, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust, and Thomas Mann's Doktor Faustus. I argue that the decline in the status of astrology corresponds to historically weakening belief in the analogy of microcosm and macrocosm as epistemologically relevant and analyze the implication of the Faust figure in genuinely modem quandaries of skepticism and aesthetic representation. / Committee in Charge: Martin Klebes, Chair; Dorothee Ostmeier; Ken Calhoon

Hans Hut has usually been considered a revolutionary chiliast who stirred up the South German peasants against the civil and religious authorities. Because he was associated with the Anabaptists the last year and a half of his life the character of Anabaptism and its relation to Protestantism have been called into question. My task has been to determine from Hut's tracts and confessions and from the testimonies of his friends and enemies what Hut taught in the general areas of church and state. In studying the origins of his teachings it was necessary to consider the influence of two men: Thomas Muentzer, a Spiritualist and leader in the Peasants' Revolt, and Hans Denok, a Humanist scholar and partner in the South German Anabaptist movement. Tracing Hut's influence on the South German Anabaptist movement from 1526 to 1531 involved a study of the writings of Ambrosius Spittelmayr, Austrian university student from Linz, Hans Schlaffer, former Catholic priest from Upper Austria, Leonhard Schiemer, student for the priesthood in Vienna and Franciscan monk for six years, Wolfgang Brandhuber, pastor at Linz; Peter Ridemann, shoemaker from Silesia, Leupold Scharnschlager, a teacher from the Tyrol, Jörg Probst Rothenfelder, a painter from Switzerland, and Pilgram Marpeck, a civil engineer from the Tyrol. Hut conceived of the church as a covenant community of disciples following after Christ, going the way of the cross and suffering, baptized on confession of faith, practicing sharing of goods, and sent to preach the Gospel to all men. Hut was convinced that Christ would soon return to establish His Kingdom and bring the world to an end; until then obedience to the authorities was expected of all Christians. Although the influence of Thomas Muentzer on Hut can be traced in common terminology and some teachings about the Christian life, he did not cause Hut to take a revolutionary position once he took up the cause of Anabaptism. Hut's view of discipleship, the covenant, and the nature of the church are quite foreign to Muentzer. Hans Denck's contribution to the Anabaptist movement lay in his struggle with, and clarification of some of the theological presuppositions of Anabaptism. Denck was concerned about the problems of man’s free will and God's sovereignty, the relationship of the ceremonies of Old and New Testament, the role of the Spirit and faith in understanding the Scriptures, and the tension between sin and righteousness, law and Gospel, love and discipleship, church and world. Hut's concern about the nature of the church and its missionary task did not contradict with Denck's teachings so the two men were able to cooperate as co-founders of the South German Anabaptist movement. When Hut's eschatology caused friction he agreed to refrain from propagating his ideas. Through his influence on Hans Schlaffer, Wolfgang Brandhuber, and Peter Ridemann, Hut contributed to the origins and the teachings of the Moravian Anabaptists, later called Hutterian Brethren. Hut's emphasis on community and sharing prepared the soil for communal living and Christian communism. His concept of the missionary apostolate was carried on more effectively by the Hutterites than any other Anabaptists of the sixteenth century. Hut's general view of discipleship and the nature of the church are also reflected in Hutterite writing and practice. Hut's influence on Leonhard Sohiemer and, through him and other apostles, on Pilgram Marpeck and Leupold Scharnschlager contributed to the origins and teachings of the South German Anabaptist movement that centered in Strassburg and Augsburg. The common position (Gemeindetheoiogie) represented by South German Anabaptist codices makes it difficult to determine who is responsible for specific Anabaptist ideas and concepts but since Hut was one of the earliest writers and leaders of the South German brotherhood it is not out of question to suggest that the items which appeared first in his writings arid reappear in later writings, constitute part of his contribution to the South German Anabaptist movement. Among these are his emphasis on the covenant, on suffering and the cross, on rebirth, the imminent return of Christ, and the need for unity in the church. Hut's teachings challenged the totalitarian character of church and state in his day and contributed, on the one hand, to the crumbling of the corpus christianum, and on the other hand, to the erection of the principles of the separation of church and state and religious freedom. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

This thesis is a study of two basic qualities of the poet Joachim du Bellay, which combined to produce a satirist of the first rank, as well as a poet of dazzling variety. These two qualities, his idealism and his practical common sense, existed throughout his life, and served to counterbalance each other. Orphaned at an early age, with a guardian who took little interest in him, his childhood was a lonely one. A love for the beautiful Loire valley where he was born remained with him all his, life. He read widely and gained a thorough knowledge of French literature. His formal studies began at the University of Poitiers where he soon gave up his interest in the law, to pursue a literary career. He then came to Paris as a student at the College de Coqueret, under the guidance of Jean Dorat. Here, he immersed himself in the study of Greek, Latin, and Italian and rejoiced in the friendships and discussions of student life. In 1549 appeared two major works. His Deffence et Illustration de la langue francoyse is probably the work of several hands. Nevertheless, we notice the fortuitous combination of his idealism and his practicality. Only an idealist could hope to change the course of French language and literature by a manifesto urging his colleagues to write in their own tongue, to study and to learn from other sources, but always to strive to enrich their own language and literature. He then gives very practical suggestions for achieving this goal. L'Olive, a collection of sonnets, appeared in 1549 as well. Petrarch is his model, and it is a work borrowed almost completely from Italian literatures. He portrays an idealized woman in vague, ethereal terms, with no evidence of any living counterpart. Obviously he has not experienced the love of which he writes. In his poetry written in Rome, where he observes the Italian courtisans, he takes a more practical interest in women. He falls in love with Faustine, only to lose her. His love poetry becomes more satiric and more sensual. His youthful idealism fades as he describes the women encountered in Rome. Du Bellay believes completely in the Platonic view of the poet - that he is a being set apart and given a special destiny in the world. His mission is to sing the praises of the king and of his family, God's earthly representatives. Consequently we find much court poetry celebrating events and people. Combined with this idealistic viewpoint, we see again the practical side of his nature. Du Bellay is aware of the system of royal patronage, and covets as post at the court. Just before he leaves Rome to return to Paris, we notice an unusually large number of sonnets praising various influential people in Paris. In 1553, he accompanied his relative, Cardinal du Bellay, to Rome where he served as his secretary - a position which involved handling the finances for a household of more than one hundred people, and much negotiation with Italian bankers and money-lenders. A measure of his practical ability is the success with which he managed this. Rome had been the centre of civilization and was the focal point of his studies. His first impressions at seeing the ruins of the great Roman empire are described in his Antiquites de Rome. The sense of nostalgia and dismay at the fragility of what had seemed eternal is the work of a disappointed and disillusioned idealist. His common sense soon establishes itself as he observes the Italians and their way of life. He is interested in the details and the mechanics of Roman society and politics, which he expresses vividly in his Regrets. His idealistic nature measures how far removed is the reality from his ideal of life in Rome. His practical nature realizes the futility of lamentation, and turns reality into a matter for satire. The irony of the Regrets is often cynical and bitter. His natural wit and vivacity eventually produce a more mellow and refined satire. He suffers from deafness and from an illness which incapacitates him, and finally kills him at the age of 37. He is embroiled in family law suits concerning various estates. Yet he is able to lead a more or less contented life. Being a practical man, he makes the most of what he has, often to the point of idealizing his consolations. His friends, especially Ronsard, play a dominant role in his life and in his poetry. His love of nature is evident in his harming pastoral poetry and his national pride is intensified by his visit to Rome. The writing of poetry is his greatest pleasure and at the same time acts as a catharsis for the tragedy and disappointments he encounters. He returns to Paris in 1558 and a survey of his poetry at this time, reveals a return to the influence of Petrarch and of neoplatonism, seen in his Amours. He continues to write for the royal family. The Poete-Courtisan is written, which satirizes the advice he gave as a youthful poet in his Deffence. After visiting Geneva, he makes fun of the pretensions of Calvinism. Then he writes a final manifesto which reveals the brilliance and depth of his thought and observation. In l’Ample discours au Roi, he analyses lucidly the society and the government of France. We see his idealism and his hope that the evils of the country can be remedied. Again his practical nature shows exactly where the evils lie, and what specific steps must be taken to better the lot of the great mass of the people. Tracing his poetry through youthful idealism, cynical disillusion, and finally to a coming to terms with life, this thesis is concerned with the influence on du Bellay's poetry of two dominant traits of his character - his idealism and his practical common sense. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Caloxin2A 1 is a novel peptide that inhibits the activity of Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPase (PMCA). PMCA is known to play a role in homeostasis of cytosolic calcium and cell signaling. There are 4 genes (PMCA1-4) that code for the various isoforms of the calcium pump. Based on hydropathy plots, PMCA proteins have 5 putative extracellular domains. We screened combinatorial peptide phage display library for binding to specific extracellular targets. Caloxin 2A1 was obtained as a peptide sequence that would bind to the 2nd putative extracellular domain of PMCA 1 isoform. Caloxin2A1 selectively inhibited the Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPase activity in human erythrocyte leaky ghosts that express mainly PMCA 4 isoform. It produced 50% inhibition of the pump activity at 0.4 mM. Caloxin2A1 inhibited the formation of the acid stable 140 kDa acyl phosphate in the reaction cycle of the calcium pump in the human erythrocyte leaky ghosts. It also produced endothelium dependent relaxation in the pig coronary artery. The random peptide phage display library was screened again with higher stringency to obtain caloxin with higher affinity in order to be cost effective and with greater therapeutic potential. This time, the targets were the 2nd putative extracellular domain of PMCA 1 and 2nd and 3rd putative domains of PMCA 4. The peptides selected for binding to the 2nd putative extracellular domain of PMCA 4 selectively inhibited the Ca2^+-Mg^2+ ATPase activity in human erythrocyte leaky ghosts but with a similar affinity as Caloxin2A1. The peptide selected for binding to the 3rd putative extracellular domain of PMCA 4 was hydrophobic and water insoluble. Substitution of its C-terminus amino acid with lysine residue made the peptide water-soluble and it did inhibit the Ca^2 +-Mg^2 + ATPase with slightly higher affinity. However, the inhibition was due to hydrophobicity of the peptide as the randomized version of the peptide also produced inhibition. We have obtained the first selective inhibitor of PMCA and shown that perturbing extracellular targets can affect protein activity even though most of the functional groups of this protein are in the cytosol. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2014-10-01T14:55:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA CRISTINA RABELLO SANTEDICOLA.pdf: 4296509 bytes, checksum: 9b75ea6791f10f2712fb327350e1e991 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-01T14:55:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA CRISTINA RABELLO SANTEDICOLA.pdf: 4296509 bytes, checksum: 9b75ea6791f10f2712fb327350e1e991 (MD5) / O objetivo deste estudo foi validar as razões Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca e Ba/Ca encontradas no esqueleto do coral Mussismilia braziliensis Verrill 1868 como indicadores geoquímicos (proxy) da temperatura da superfície do mar (TSM), utilizando 310 amostras de dois testemunhos denominados CAB2 e CLE, coletados respectivamente nas estações CLE (Pedra de Leste; latitude 17°47´173”S, longitude 39°02´935” W; 12km costa afora) e CAB (Parcel de Abrolhos; latitude 17°57´528”S, longitude 38°39´342”W; 80 km costa afora), onde a variação anual da TSM é de cerca de 4°C e a taxa de extensão linear desta espécie de coral é 0,89cm/ano. Após um estudo piloto realizado com 17 amostras para adaptar a metodologia, identificar a melhor vidraria, instrumentos de corte e peso seco, 144 amostras do esqueleto coralino foram cortadas a cada 2mm ao longo do eixo de crescimento de 4 testemunhos perfurados em 2003. As amostras foram moídas e a matéria orgânica foi eliminada com H2O2. Dez miligramas de cada amostra foram decompostas, adicionando-se gradualmente 10 mL de HNO3 0,5M, e analisadas com ICP-OES. As amplitudes obtidas foram 4553-8194 ppm para Sr, 203-2260 ppm para Mg e 0-17 ppm para Ba. Razões geoquímicas normalizadas foram comparadas com médias normalizadas da TSM obtidas desde 1985, em horário noturno, pelo satélite AVHRR Pathfinder Versão 5.0 NOAA, em intervalos anuais e semestrais. As razões geoquímicas analisadas neste estudo se referem a 144 amostras compatíveis com o período de registro de dados da TSM por este satélite. Uma redução progressiva da razão Sr/Ca desde aproximadamente 1948 encontrada no testemunho CAB-2 poderia ser traduzida como aumento da TSM. Além de comparar series contemporâneas de dados geoquímicos e da TSM, aplicou-se uma defasagem (lag) no pareamento dos dados anuais e semestrais, a fim de investigar possíveis efeitos tardios da TSM sobre a maior disponibilidade destes elementos durante a esqueletogênese coralina. Os achados deste estudo sugerem que as razões Mg/Ca podem ser utilizadas como indicadores da TSM em exemplares coletados distantes da costa, ao passo que as razões Ba/Ca e Sr/Ca podem ser utilizadas como indicadores da TSM em exemplares coletados em locais próximos à costa. A aplicação da defasagem sugere aproximadamente quatro a seis meses como o tempo ótimo para o efeito tardio da TSM acima mencionado.

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are a class of metalloenzymes that catalyze the hydration of CO2 under physiologic conditions and are involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Modulation of CA activity, particularly CA inhibition is exploited pharmacologically for the treatment of many diseases such as cancer, glaucoma, edemas, mountain sickness. CA activation has been less frequently investigated till recently. Genetic deficiencies of several CA isozymes are reported in the literature and reflect the important role of carbonic anhydrases in human physiology and homeostasis. Activation of CA isozymes in brain have been correlated recently with spatial learning and memory. Based on these premises, activators of CA isozymes have the potential to alleviate mild dementias and to act as potential nootropic agents. In chapter 3, continuing our long-term interests towards the development of potent and selective CAAs, we carried out X-ray crystallographic studies with a small series of pyridinium histamine derivatives, previously developed as CAAs by our group. This study revealed important insights into the binding of this class of activators into the active site of CA II isozyme. A potent pyridinium histamine CAA 25i was successfully crystallized with CA II isozyme and was found to bind into the hydrophobic region of the active site, with two binding conformations being observed. This is one of the very few X-ray crystal structures of a CAA available. Based on the findings of this X-ray crystallographic study and building on our previously developed ethylene bis-imidazole CAAs, we advanced a novel series of lipophilic bis-imidazoles. Enzymatic assays carried out on purified human CA isozymes revealed several low nanomolar potent activators against various brain-relevant CA isozymes. Bis-imidazole 30e was found to be a nanomolar potent activator for CA IV, CA VA and CA IX. Due to their conjugated structure, these CAAs were also fluorescent and therefore were fully characterized in terms of photophysical properties, with several representatives proving to display very good fluorophores. The very good activation profile against several different CA isozymes, along with excellent fluorescence properties recommend these compounds as great molecular tools for elucidation of role of CA isozymes in brain physiology, as well as towards improvement of memory and learning. Focusing on inhibition of CA isozymes, it must be stressed that over the last decade a clear connection had been established between the expression of CA IX and CA XII and cancer. Since cancer is the second most common cause of death in the world, we explored the possibility to kill cancer cells via inhibition of different CA isozymes present in cancer cells. The membrane bound carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) isozyme represents a particularly interesting anticancer target as it is significantly overexpressed in many solid tumors as compared to normal tissues. In malign tissues this CA isozyme was found to play important role in pH homeostasis and promotes tumor cell survival, progression and metastasis. Thus, CA IX represents a potential biomarker and an appealing therapeutic target for the detection and treatment of cancer. CA IX can be targeted either through the development of small or large molecular weight, potent, and selective inhibitors or through the development of CA IX targeted drug delivery systems for selective delivery of potent chemotherapeutic agents. Building on these premises, in this dissertation, we also revealed our continuing efforts towards the development of potent and selective CA IX inhibitors along with their translation into the development of CA IX targeted drug delivery systems. In chapter 4, we designed a series of small molecular weight (MW) ureido 1,3,4-thiadiazole sulfonamide derivatives employing the “tail approach”, through the decoration of established sulfonamide CA inhibitor warheads with different tail moieties via ureido linker. The generated CAIs were tested against tumor associated CA IX and CA XII isozymes and off-target cytosolic isozymes CA I and CA II, and were revealed to be moderate to highly selective and nanomolar, even sub-nanomolar, potent CA IX inhibitors. Several potent pan-inhibitors were also identified in this section. We assessed these CAIs for their in vitro cell killing ability using MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell line expressing CA IX and CA XII. The most efficient CAI proved to be ureido-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide 69, which showed subnanomolar potency against purified human CA IX and CA XII isozymes, with good selectivity against CA I and CA II, and consistent, statistically significant cancer cell killing. In Chapter 5, continuing our efforts towards the development of potent and selective CA IX inhibitors, we designed, synthesized, characterized and evaluated a new series of PEGylated 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide CAIs, bearing different PEG backbone length. We increased the PEG size from 1K to 20K, in order to better understand the impact of the PEG linker length on the in vitro cell killing ability against CA IX expressing cancer cell lines and also against a CA IX negative cell line. In vitro cell viability assays revealed the optimum PEG linker length for this type of bifunctional bis-sulfonamide CAIs in killing the tumor cells. The most efficient PEGylated CAI was found to bis-sulfonamide DTP1K 91, which showed consistent and significant cancer cell killing at concentrations of 10−100 μM across different CA IX and CA XII expressing cancer cell lines. DTP1K 91 did not affect the cell viability of CA IX negative NCI-H23 tumor cells, thus revealing a CA IX mediated cell killing for these inhibitors. In chapter 6, we decided to further explore the possibility of using CA IX as a targeting epitome for the development of a gold nanoparticle-based drug delivery system. We translated the oligoEG- and PEGylated CAI conjugates into efficient targeting ligands for gold nanoparticle decoration along with chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox), in a novel multi-ligand gold nanoplatform designed to selectively release the drug intracellularly, in order to enhance the selective tumor drug uptake and tumor killing. We were successful in developing compatible CAI- and Dox- ligands for efficient dual functionalization of gold nanoparticles. Our optimized, CA IX targeted gold nanoplatform was found to be very efficient towards killing HT-29 tumor cells especially under hypoxic conditions, reducing the hypoxia-induced chemoresistance, thus confirmed the potentiating role of CA IX as a targeting epitome. / Pharmaceutical Sciences

No / Small-scale heterogeneity of biogenic carbonate elemental composition can be a significant source of error in the accurate use of element/Ca ratios as geochemical proxies. In this study ion microprobe (SIMS) profiles showed significant small-scale variability of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios in new shell calcite of the marine bivalves Pecten maximus and Mytilus edulis that was precipitated during a constant-temperature culturing experiment. Elevated Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios were found to be associated with the deposition of elaborate shell features, i.e. a shell surface stria in P. maximus and surface shell disturbance marks in both species, the latter a common occurrence in bivalve shells. In both species the observed small-scale elemental heterogeneity most likely was not controlled by variable transport of ions to the extra-pallial fluid, but by factors such as the influence of shell organic content and/or crystal size and orientation, the latter reflecting conditions at the shell crystalsolution interface. In the mid and innermost regions of the P. maximus shell the lack of significant small-scale variation of Mg/Ca ratios, which is consistent with growth at constant temperature, suggest a potential application as a palaeotemperature proxy. Cross-growth band element/Ca ratio profiles in the interior of bivalve shells may provide more promising palaeo-environmental tools than sampling from the outer region of bivalve shells.