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[pt] Esta tese de doutorado analisa como a ideia em torno de uma identidade catalã é construída no discurso político oficial catalão no século XXI. Ela parte das principais premissas da filosofia derridiana - como desconstrução, différance e rastro - e da literatura de Relações Internacionais por ela influenciada, para analisar, pelas lentes da análise de discurso pós-fundacional, como o discurso político oficial catalão articula a ideia de uma identidade catalã singular, e como essa identidade forma o cerne da [última] reivindicação por independência política. Argumenta-se que a conceitualização de identidade nacional veiculada é profundamente dependente da noção metafísica da presença. A reivindicação de independência - retratada como uma batalha entre duas entidade separadas, Catalunha e Espanha - ao invés de um direito inalienável de auto-determinação, é melhor compreendida como um constante articular e entremear de conceitos como nação, estado, povo, identidade, história e futuro projetado. Longe de serem neutros ou objetivos, tais conceitos, na verdade, estão constantemente lutando por estabilização e dependem uns dos outros para criar significado e a impressão de presença que dele resulta. Por meio de um infindável processo de repetição, remetimento e referenciamento, o discurso cria a noção de uma identidade catalã natural, auto-evidente, intrinsecamente única e legitimamente merecedora de reconhecimento nos moldes de um estado nacional moderno. Em outras palavras, o discurso político oficial acaba performando a identidade catalã que diz representar / [en] This PhD thesis analyses how the idea around a Catalan identity is constructed in XXIst century Catalan official political discourse. It departs from the main premises of Derridean philosophy - such as deconstruction, différance and trace - and the International Relations literature influenced by them, in order to analyse, through the methodological lenses of postfoundational discourse analysis, how Catalan official political discourse articulates the idea of a distinctive Catalan identity, and how this identity forms the backbone of the [latest] claim to political independence. It is argued that the conveyed conceptualisation of national identity is heavily dependent on logocentric constructions grounded on the metaphysical idea of presence. The claim to independence - depicted as a battle between two separate entities, Catalonia and Spain - rather than an inalienable right to self-determination, is better understood as a constant articulating and intertwining of concepts like nation, state, people, identity, history and projected future. Far from being neutral or objective, these concepts are actually struggling for stabilisation, and depend on each other to create meaning and the impression of presence that results thereof. Through an endless process of repetition, remission and referencing, discourse creates the notion of a natural, self-evident Catalan identity, intrinsically unique and rightfully deserving of recognition in the form of the modern national state. In other words, contemporary official political discourse ends up performing the Catalan identity it is said to represent. / [ca] Aquesta tesis doctoral analitza com es construeix la idea d una identitat catalana en el discurs polític oficial català al segle XXI. Parteix de les principals premisses de la filosofia derridiana -com la deconstrucció, la différance i el rastre - i la literatura de Relacions Internacionals per elles influenciada, per analitzar, a través de les lents metodològiques de l anàlisi del discurs postfundacional, com el discurs polític oficial català articula la idea d una identitat catalana distintiva, i com aquesta identitat constitueix l eix vertebrador de la [última] reivindicació d independència política. S argumenta que la conceptualització vehiculada de la identitat nacional depèn en gran mesura de les construccions logocèntriques fonamentades en la idea metafísica de la presència. La reivindicació de la independència - representada com una batalla entre dues entitats separades, Catalunya i Espanya - més que un dret inalienable a l autodeterminació, s entén millor com una articulació i entrellaçament constant de conceptes com nació, estat, poble, identitat, història i futur projectat. Lluny de ser neutrals o objectius, aquests conceptes en realitat lluiten per l estabilització i depenen els uns dels altres per crear significat i la impressió de presència que se n deriva. Mitjançant un procés interminable de repetició, remissió i referència, el discurs crea la noció d una identitat catalana natural, evident per si mateixa, intrínsecament única i legítimament mereixedora de reconeixement en la forma de l estat nacional modern. És a dir, el discurs polític oficial contemporani acaba performant la identitat catalana que diu representar.

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The Ecclesiastical History is the primary historical source of the Christian Church in the pre-Constantinian era. The History narrates the nature and work of Christ, the highlights of the apostolic age and the advancement of the Christian Church in the Roman Empire up to the principate of Constantine. Investigating the Ecclesiastical History using a quantitative method reveals Eusebius' preoccupation with the office of the bishop. There is almost no subject that Eusebius addresses that does not reflect his portrayal of the bishop's influence and universal presence. This thesis demonstrates the high status and undisputed authority of the episcopate as presented by Eusebius of Caesarea. The research of this thesis contributes to an understanding of the bishop in Roman society before Imperial favour. / iv, 250 leaves ; 28 cm.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T13:10:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-12-15. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-01T13:14:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000865718.pdf: 1646243 bytes, checksum: bf1c5ae07841ce01495e2d1c356e2a51 (MD5) / O presente trabalho visa demonstrar a existência de uma defesa ao patrimônio imobiliário cristão promovida por Eusébio de Cesareia (c. 260 d.C. - 339 d.C.), durante o governo do Imperador Constantino I (313 d.C. - 337 d.C.), em especial na Província Palestina. Foi em Cesareia, capital desta província, que Eusébio ocupou a posição de bispo no início do século IV d.C. e desenvolveu toda sua obra literária. Cesareia é considerada cultural e socialmente heterogênea, neste período, possuindo presença marcante de cristãos e não cristãos (como os judeus e samaritanos). Foi exatamente esta heterogeneidade que impedia o predomínio de um grupo étnico-cultural sobre o outro e culminou por colocar em oposição as elites e lideranças desses grupos locais, ou seja, cristãos e não cristãos. Partindo da leitura das obras História Eclesiástica, Louvor a Constantino e Vida de Constantino, todas de Eusébio, e considerando as condições socioculturais da cidade e região de Cesareia, entendemos que Eusébio sentiu necessidade de buscar uma aproximação com o Imperador Constantino, visando garantir o favorecimento do cristianismo e o fortalecimento de sua posição como representante do cristianismo em sua região. Outro aspecto relevante que emerge das tentativas de compreensão do sentido das ações de Eusébio diz respeito a dificuldade de pesquisadores em situar sua posição frente a multiplicidade de cristianismos de seu período. Eusébio seria ortodoxo ou heterodoxo? Nosso entendimento desta questão é de que Eusébio está menos preocupado em defender uma posição teológica fixa, construir uma ortodoxa, do que buscar um equilíbrio entre os diversos cristianismos existentes no período. Para tanto, apoia-se nas ações do Imperador Constantino que parece contar com o bispo cesareno como seu aliado na busca por um consenso no Império Romano. Além das obras do próprio Eusébio, pretendemos confirmar nossa hipótese e.. / This research aims to demonstrate the Eusebius effort of defending the Christian patrimony (c 260 AD -. 339 AD) during the rule of the Emperor Constantine I (313 AD - 337 AD), especially in Palestine. It was in Caesarea - capital of this Roman province - where Eusebius ruled as a Bishop in the beginning of the fourth century and penned his literary works. Caesarea is considered culturally and socially heterogeneous, in this period, having strong presence of Christians and non-Christians people (like Jews and Samaritans). It was precisely this heterogeneity that prevented the dominance of any ethnic-cultural group over another, and put its leaders in opposition - Christian and non-Christian groups. After reading Ecclesiastical History, Praise of Constantine and Life of Constantine, all of it penned by Eusebius, and considering the socio-cultural conditions of Caesarea's city and its region, we understand that Eusebius felt the need to seek an approach with the Emperor Constantine, in order for both to ensure Christian religion favouritism and strengthening for its position as representative of Christianity in his region. Another important aspect that emerges from attempts to understand the meanings of Eusebius' action is related to a difficult of locating the position of Eusebius before the multiplicity of Christianities in his historical context. Researchers have used wonder themselves: would be Eusebius orthodox or hetedorox? We understand that a defence of a fixed theological position, building orthodoxy, is less important to Eusebius than seek a balance between the numerous existing models of Christianity of this period. To do so, Eusebius rely on the actions of Constantine that seems consider him as his ally in the search of building consensus inside the Roman Empire. Besides the works of Eusebius himself, we intend to confirm our hypothesis and objectives outlined in this dissertation using the Prayer to The Assembly of The...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:08:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Thiago Lara Vasques.pdf: 2258919 bytes, checksum: bdbbde461e7636388d4795c9556eb77f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-18 / We carried out a study on throughput estimation based on analysis and modeling of the medium access control in HomePlug 1.0 standard based PLC networks. The data communication using electrical energy wires has advantages such as presenting characteristics of ubiquity due to the existent infrastructure, but faces significant obstacles as fading and noise. The main standard of this kind of home network is the HomePlug, which defines a protocol based on the method of multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). The HomePlug adds to the CSMA/CA a technique called deferral counter (DC) that adapts the contention of the nodes in accessing the medium according to network load. The objective of this work is todo a comparative study of the throughput, which is the ratio of the packet payload, i.e., the amount of data that is inserted into the body of the datagram, and the frame transmission time. To this end, we evaluate what is the theoretical maximum throughput of the PLC channel, we developed a simulator for the CSMA/CA and we propose a simple probabilistic model to describe the throughput on the network PLC. Finally, we make a comparison between the results obtained with the simulator and the probabilistic model to those observed from a real PLC network, proving that the results of the theoretical maximum throughput and the simulation results are close and that the probability model becomes a tool for calculating throughput in PLC networks. / Neste trabalho, realizou-se um estudo sobre estimação da vazão baseada na análise e modelagem do controle de acesso ao meio em redes PLC padrão HomePlug 1.0. A comunicação de dados através do canal elétrico tem vantagens como apresentar as características de ubiquidade e da infra-estrutura pré-existente, porém enfrenta obstáculos importantes como a atenuação e o ruído. O principal padrão desse tipo de rede domiciliar é o HomePlug, que define um protocolo baseado no método de acesso múltiplo com prevenção de colisões (CSMA/CA). O HomePlug associa ao CSMA/CA uma técnica chamada de contador de adiamentos (DC) que adapta a contenção dos nós no acesso ao meio de acordo com a carga da rede. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar um estudo comparativo da vazão, que é a razão entre carga útil do pacote, ou seja, a quantidade de dados que preenchem o corpo do datagrama, e o tempo de transmissão do quadro. Para isso, avaliou-se qual é a vazão máxima teórica do canal PLC, desenvolveu-se um simulador para o protocolo CSMA/CA e foi proposto um modelo probabilístico simples para descrever a vazão na rede PLC. Foi realizada uma comparação entre os resultados obtidos com o simulador e o modelo probabilístico com os dados observados em uma rede PLC real, comprovando que os resultados da vazão máxima teórica e os resultados da simulação são próximos e que o modelo probabilístico passa a ser uma ferramenta para cálculo de vazão em redes PLC.

Recent works show that, by incorporating queue length information, CSMA/CA multiple access protocols can achieve maximum throughput in general ad-hoc wireless networks. In all of these protocols, the aggressiveness with which a link attempts to grab the channel is governed solely by its own queue, and is independent of the queues of other interfering links. While this independence allows for minimal control signaling, it results in schedules that change very slowly. This causes starvation and delays - especially at moderate to high loads. In this work we add a very small amount of signaling - an occasional few bits between interfering links. These bits allow us a new functionality: switching - a link can now turn off its interfering links with a certain probability. The challenge is ensuring maximum throughput and lower delay via the use of this new functionality. We develop a new protocol - Switch-enabled Queue-based CSMA (SQ-CSMA) - that uses switching to achieve both of these objectives. This simple additional functionality, and our protocol to leverage it, can be “added on'' to every existing CSMA/CA protocol that uses queue lengths. Interestingly, we see that in every case it has a significant positive impact on delay, universally furthering the performance of existing protocols. / text

Wireless local area networks (WLANs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) technologies have been comprehensively developed and deployed during recent years. Since commercial WLAN and WSN products share the same free of license frequency band, the low power, low rate ZigBee based WSNs are vulnerable to the interference from Wi-Fi WLANs. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the performance of ZigBee WSNs that are subjected to interference generated by collocated Wi-Fi WLANs and to design effective counter-measuring techniques should performance improvement is needed. In this research, a versatile testbed for conducting various experiments is established and the ZigBee system’s performance with different clear channel assessment (CCA) modes and energy detection (ED) thresholds are evaluated through extensive experimental measurements in the testbed. It can be concluded from the results that CCA has significant impact on ZigBee’s performance. An existing theoretical analysis approach that is based on the collision time model between ZigBee and Wi-Fi packets is suitably modified to provide analytical evaluation means of the cases we examined. In order to mitigate the interference from the collocated Wi-Fi system, a novel and effective interference-aware adaptive CCA (IAACCA) scheme is proposed and implemented as firmware flashed into Crossbow motes. Experiments confirmed the ability of IAACCA to countermeasure effectively interference generated by Wi-Fi and thus improve the performance of ZigBee WSNs. Finally, a thorough statistical analysis is performed to understand the factors impacting the performance of ZigBee system and is used to further verify our experimental methods.

Hypereutectic Al-Si alloys are of increasing interest for applications that require a combination of light weight and high wear resistance, such as pistons, liner-less engine blocks and pumps. The wear resistance of this class of alloys is due to the presence of hard primary Si particles formed during casting. The objective of this work was to develop one or more methods of refining primary silicon in cast hypereutectic Al-Si alloys to compete with the conventional process of adding phosphorous and to achieve the simultaneous modification of silicon in the Al-Si eutectic. A robust sampling/casting technique was developed to minimise macro-segregation of primary silicon during solidification of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys by using water cooled steel mould with cooling rate in excess of 15 K/s. The morphology of silicon phases was found to change with increasing melt temperature and cooling rate. The high cooling rate and superheat temperature produces a good distribution of polyhedral primary silicon particles in a refined lamellar eutectic matrix in solidification of commercial purity Al-Si alloys. Removing Ca by fluxing with K2SiF6 prior to casting can improve the refinement and modification effect of Mg and Sb respectively. Effects of various inoculants were studied. Microstructural analysis showed that Mg and ZnS refined primary Si whereas MgO, CaO and Na2S coarsened the primary Si together with a modification effect on the eutectic Si. Adding Zn had no effect on morphology of Si phases. Refinement of both primary and eutectic silicon phases was observed for the Al-15Si alloy with Mg content ≤ 0.3 wt%. P-doped γ-Al2O3 was found to be a potent substrate to nucleate primary silicon whilst good modification of the eutectic matrix is retained during solidification of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys. On using P-doped γ-Al2O3 could be a perfect and clean source of P without additional impurities. A new solid-liquid duplex casting process was devised to achieve simultaneous refinement and modification of Si phases in hypereutectic Al-Si alloys with improvement in mechanical properties. The static mechanical properties of Al-Si produced by the solid-liquid duplex casting process are significantly better than conventionally cast untreated Al-Si and slightly better than conventionally cast Al-Si treated with P and/or Sr. A novel Al-ZnS master alloy was developed by in situ reaction of Zn and Na2S in the Al melt. The results from this study leave little doubt that this novel Al-ZnS master alloy is a promising refiner in solidification of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys. It refines primary silicon to the same extent as that achieved by adding P via Cu-P following the same refinement mechanism.