The objective of this study was to precipitate CaCO₃in a groundwater media to reduce dissolved arsenic concentrations. In this study a mixture of ureolytic calcite and aragonite were precipitated using groundwater as the media. Although precipitation of carbonate was successful using Ardkenneth groundwater, arsenic concentrations were not reduced. Ureolytic calcite and aragonite precipitated using broth as the media and resulted in a decrease in arsenic concentrations of up to 88% from the initial 0.7 μg L-1 concentration. Ureolytic carbonate precipitation required the inoculation of ureolytic cultures isolated from groundwater into both the groundwater and broth media. Precipitates in the inoculation experiments were identified using infrared spectroscopy techniques.<p>The decrease in arsenic concentrations in the inoculated urea treated broth samples compared to the groundwater samples was attributed to the greater amounts of precipitate formed in the broth media. The broth had a free Ca(II) concentration of 1300 mg L-1 whereas the Ardkenneth groundwater had a free Ca(II) concentration of 36 to 42 mg L-1. The higher free Ca(II) concentrations in the broth media would account for the higher yield of carbonate precipitate, making Ca(II) concentration a limiting factor in ureolytic CaCO3 remediation techniques. <p>Formation of a visible precipitate required the addition of nitrate to the broth and groundwater samples. The inoculated cultures, being denitrifiers, required a nitrate source. Ca(II) ion concentrations decreased in the different media without the addition of nitrate, but no visible precipitate formed.<p> Laboratory experiments using Ardkenneth groundwater and treatments of 0.03 M urea did not decrease the Ca(II) ion concentrations or reduce arsenic in solution. These results suggest that inoculation with selected ureolytic cultures was needed to optimize the precipitation of CaCO3 in a natural groundwater system.<p> The results of this study suggest that arsenic was reduced by the precipitation of ureolytic CaCO₃. Arsenic reduced by ureolytic CaCO₃ precipitation required adequate levels of Ca(II) ions, higher than those found in the Ardkenneth aquifer. Successful precipitation of CaCO₃ by ureolytic organisms also required an adequate cell density. Thus, inoculation with ureolytic cultures optimized the broth and groundwater media for CaCO₃ precipitation.

The objective of this study was to precipitate CaCO₃in a groundwater media to reduce dissolved arsenic concentrations. In this study a mixture of ureolytic calcite and aragonite were precipitated using groundwater as the media. Although precipitation of carbonate was successful using Ardkenneth groundwater, arsenic concentrations were not reduced. Ureolytic calcite and aragonite precipitated using broth as the media and resulted in a decrease in arsenic concentrations of up to 88% from the initial 0.7 μg L-1 concentration. Ureolytic carbonate precipitation required the inoculation of ureolytic cultures isolated from groundwater into both the groundwater and broth media. Precipitates in the inoculation experiments were identified using infrared spectroscopy techniques.<p>The decrease in arsenic concentrations in the inoculated urea treated broth samples compared to the groundwater samples was attributed to the greater amounts of precipitate formed in the broth media. The broth had a free Ca(II) concentration of 1300 mg L-1 whereas the Ardkenneth groundwater had a free Ca(II) concentration of 36 to 42 mg L-1. The higher free Ca(II) concentrations in the broth media would account for the higher yield of carbonate precipitate, making Ca(II) concentration a limiting factor in ureolytic CaCO3 remediation techniques. <p>Formation of a visible precipitate required the addition of nitrate to the broth and groundwater samples. The inoculated cultures, being denitrifiers, required a nitrate source. Ca(II) ion concentrations decreased in the different media without the addition of nitrate, but no visible precipitate formed.<p> Laboratory experiments using Ardkenneth groundwater and treatments of 0.03 M urea did not decrease the Ca(II) ion concentrations or reduce arsenic in solution. These results suggest that inoculation with selected ureolytic cultures was needed to optimize the precipitation of CaCO3 in a natural groundwater system.<p> The results of this study suggest that arsenic was reduced by the precipitation of ureolytic CaCO₃. Arsenic reduced by ureolytic CaCO₃ precipitation required adequate levels of Ca(II) ions, higher than those found in the Ardkenneth aquifer. Successful precipitation of CaCO₃ by ureolytic organisms also required an adequate cell density. Thus, inoculation with ureolytic cultures optimized the broth and groundwater media for CaCO₃ precipitation.

La décomposition d'un solide S₁ en un solide S₂ et un gaz G : S₁→S₂ + G, peut-être décrite par les processus de germination et de croissance de la nouvelle phase. Une modélisation géométrique peut permettre de déterminer la réactivité de croissance et la fréquence de germination. Nous avons étudié les variations de celles-ci en fonction des contraintes physico-chimiques température et pression du gaz produit. La méthode des décrochements et l'étude de grains uniques ont permis de valider les valeurs des vitesses obtenues. A ce stade, la modélisation physico-chimique, c'est-à-dire l'établissement d'un mécanisme réactionnel détaillé propre à chacun des deux processus est effectuée. La comparaison des vitesses théoriques issus des modèles aux variations expérimentales permettra de valider le mécanisme. L'effet smith-topley observe sur les variations expérimentales peut alors être expliqué par une variation de la taille des germes en fonction de la pression. De plus, l'étude de calcaires naturels a permis de faire apparaître une forte influence des impuretés sur les réactivités spécifiques de croissance et les fréquences spécifiques de germination lors de leur décomposition.