Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-01-25T12:42:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Marco Aur?lio Soares Pinheiro.pdf: 727221 bytes, checksum: 4a4a5210bea956397c8eb8b3c6ed9487 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-25T12:42:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Marco Aur?lio Soares Pinheiro.pdf: 727221 bytes, checksum: 4a4a5210bea956397c8eb8b3c6ed9487 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-30 / The present study was developed at Santuary of Silvester Life, Serra da Conc?rdia, Valen?a (RJ), aiming to collect informations which can subsidize the handling and the preservation of Euterpe edulis at the Atlantic Forest; to study the floristics and the structure of a secondary forest, which was submited to enrichment; to valuate the E. edulis development in a plantation of enrichment, and to confirm the viability of development of palm cabbage culture in impacted forestal remainings. Were used collecting of floristic and phytosociological facts in two parcels of 20x50m. It was estimated the viability of plantation of enrichment with E. edulis by analysing the growth in two parcels of 20x50m. It was established four classes of size of exposed stirps (C1= up to 0,5m; C2 from 0,5 to 1,5m; C3 from 1,3 to 3,0m and C4 from 3,0m on and with circumference at chest level (CAP) > 15cm). Each parcel was devided in ten subparcels of 10x10m, in which all palm cabbage plantation of (C4 class) had their CAP measurings and exposed etirps height taken.In each subparcel of 10x10m it was allocated a subparcel of 4,0x4,0m, where the individuals of the classes C1,C2 and C3 have had their measurings of diameter of colon, CAP and height of stirps taken. All palm cabbage were identified with aluminium plate printed in low relief and fixed with copper nails.The parcel 1 can be found at the bottom of the region nearby a stream, while the parcel 2 can be found almost 50m above the first parcel. It has been done two measurings in an interval of six months and, at the and of this period, it had been estimated the percentage of survival and of changing of class. The analyses of growth in each sample, and also between one another was done by the non parametric test of Kruskal-Wallis. The fragment was characterized by the index of similarity and diversity, by Margalef with some other seven remainings of Atlantic Forest with different degrees of impactation and distincts successional stages. It was also compared some abiotic characteristics between the fragments. The individuals of C1; C2 and C3 from parcel1 were significantly grown, speaking about the diameter of colon. The individuals of the same classes of parcel 2 have not had an expressive growth, but there have had a significative growth in height of exposed stirps for these classes. The C4 from parcel 1 were grown concerning to the CAP, but those one of the parcel 2 didn?t. Speaking about the height of stirps in both of the parcels, the growth was very significative. The percentage of survival were about 95,8% and 100% in the parcels 1 and 2, respectively. / O presente estudo foi desenvolvido no Santu?rio de Vida Silvestre, Serra da Conc?rdia, Valen?a (RJ), com o objetivo de coletar informa??es que possam subsidiar o manejo e a conserva??o de Euterpe edulis na Floresta Atl?ntica; estudar a flor?stica e a estrutura de uma floresta secund?ria submetida a enriquecimento; avaliar o desenvolvimento de E. edulis em plantio de enriquecimento e confirmar a viabilidade do desenvolvimento da cultura de palmito em remanescentes florestais impactados. Foram utilizados levantamentos flor?stico e fitossociol?gico em duas parcelas de 20x50m. Avaliou-se a viabilidade do plantio de enriquecimento com E. edulis atrav?s de an?lise de crescimento em duas parcelas de 20x50m. Foram estabelecidas quatro classes de tamanho de estipe exposta (C1=at? 0,5m; C2 de 0,5 a 1,5m; C3 de 1,3 a 3,0m e C4 acima de 3,0m e com circunfer?ncia a altura do peito (CAP) 15cm) Cada parcela foi dividida em dez subparcelas de 10x10m, onde todos os palmiteiros da classe C4 tiveram suas medidas de CAP e altura de estipe exposta tomadas. Em cada subparcela de 10x10m foi alocada uma subparcela de 4,0x4,0m, em que os indiv?duos das classes C1, C2 e C3 tiveram suas medidas de di?metro de colo, CAP e altura de estipe tomados. Todos os palmitos foram identificados com placas de alum?nio impressas em baixo relevo e afixadas com pregos de cobre. A parcela 1 se encontra em regi?o mais baixa, pr?xima ao c?rrego, enquanto que a parcela 2 se localiza cerca de 50m acima da primeira parcela. Foram feitas duas medi??es com intervalo de seis meses e, ao final deste per?odo, foram calculados os percentuais de sobreviv?ncia e de mudan?a de classe. A an?lise do crescimento em cada amostra, e tamb?m entre elas, foi feita atrav?s do teste n?o param?trico de Kruskal-Wallis. Caracterizou-se o fragmento atrav?s do ?ndice de similaridade e diversidade de Margalef com outros sete remanescentes de Mata Atl?ntica com diferentes graus de impacta??o e est?gios sucessionais distintos. Tamb?m foram comparadas algumas caracter?sticas abi?ticas entre os fragmentos. Os indiv?duos de C1, C2 e C3 da parcela 1 cresceram significativamente quanto ao di?metro de colo. Os indiv?duos das mesmas classes da parcela 2 n?o tiveram crescimento significativo, mas houve crescimento significativo em altura de estipe exposta para estas classes. Os C4 da parcela 1 cresceram quanto ao CAP, mas os da parcela 2, n?o. Quanto ? altura de estipe, em ambas as parcelas o crescimento foi significativo. Os percentuais de sobreviv?ncia foram de 95,8% e 100% nas parcelas 1 e 2, respectivamente.

<p>U ovom radu su ispitani hemijski sastav i biolo&scaron;ka aktivnost vrsta&nbsp;<em> Brassica oleracea&nbsp; </em>i<em>&nbsp; Brassica rapa</em>&nbsp; poreklom iz organskog i konvencionalnog sistema proizvodnje. Ispitivanja hemijskog sastava su obuhvatila određivanje volatilnih komponenata primenom headspace GC-MS tehnike, kvalitativnu analizu sokova ispitivanih vrsta pomoću LC-DAD-MS/MS tehnike, kvantifikaciju odabranih fenolnih jedinjenja&nbsp;pomoću LC-MS/MS tehnike i spektrofotometrijsko određivanje sadržaja ukupnih glukozinolata, fenola i flavonoida i sadržaja ukupnih monomernih antocijana. Biolo&scaron;ka aktivnost povrća je ispitana određivanjem antioksidantnog potencijal, antimikrobne i antitumorske aktivnosti sokova. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da su glavne volatilne komponente ispitivanih vrsta degradacioni proizvodi masnih kiselina i organosumpornih jedinjenja od kojih neke od identifikovanih komponenata predstavljaju ključne mirisne komponente. Na osnovu njihove distribucije nije bilo moguće utvrditi uticaj sistema proizvodnje na miris i ukus ispitivanih vrsta. Pomoću LC-DAD-MS/MS i LC-MS/MS tehnike je utvrđeno prisustvo primarnih metabolita, slobodnih hidroksibenzoevih i hidroksicimetnih kiselina, derivate hinske kiseline&nbsp;sa hidroksicimetnim kiselinama, glikozida flavonola, biflavonoida, i kumarina u sokovima spitivanih vrsta. Pored toga u svim sokovima subili prisutni kondenzacioni proizvodi degradacionih proizvoda indolnih glukozinolata sa askorbinskom kiselinom-&nbsp; askorbigen i metoksiaskorbigen. U sokovima crvenog kupusa su bili prisutni antocijani. Najveći sadržaj ukupnih glukozinolata je određen u brokoliju, dok je crveni kupus sadržao najveći sadržaj ukupnih fenola ukupnih flavonoida kao i hinske kiseline. Crveni kupus je bio varijetet koji je ispoljio najvi&scaron;i antioksidantni kapacitet u svim primenjenim testovima, brokoli i karfiol su ispoljili najjaču antimikrobnu aktivnost, dok je kelj bio varijetet sa najjačim antitumorskim delovanjem. Na osnovu analize hemijskog sastava i biolo&scaron;ke aktivnosti vrsta <em>B</em>. <span id="cke_bm_177S" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><em>oleracea</em><span id="cke_bm_177E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span> i&nbsp;<em> B. rapa</em>&nbsp; može se <span id="cke_bm_178E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>zaključiti da u zavisnosti od primenjenog tipa&nbsp;proizvodnje mogu biti pobolj&scaron;ane neke od karakteristika ispitivanih vrsta i da je uticaj sistema proizvodnje značajan za pojedine varijetete, a nikako za celu vrstu. U konačnom obliku može se zaključiti da bi potencijalna kombinacija sokova crvenog kupusa, brokolija, karfiola i kelja mogla ostvariti značajno hemopreventivno i hemoterapeutsko delovanje, ispoljavajući istovremeno antioksidantnu, antimikrobnu i antitumorsku aktivnost.</p> / <p>Chemical composition and biological activity of<em>&nbsp; Brassica oleracea</em>&nbsp; and&nbsp; <em>B. rapa&nbsp;</em> species were investigated in the present work. Investigation of chemical composition&nbsp; encompassed determination of volatile compounds by headspace GC-MS technique, qualitative analysis of juices of investigated vegetables by LC-DAD-MS/MS technique, quantification of selected phenolic compounds by LC-MS/MS technique and spectrophotometric determination of total content of glucosinolates, phenolic compounds and flavonoids and total content of monomeric anthocyanes. Biological activity of vegetables was investigated by determination of antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial and antitumorigenic effect of juices. Obtained results showed that main volatile compounds were degradation products of fatty acids and organo-sulphur compounds among which some of the identified components were the key aroma compounds. Based on their distribution it was not possible to evaluate influence of cropping system on aroma and taste of investigated species. By LC-DAD-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS techniques, it was determined the presence of primary metabolites, freehydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, derivatives of quinic acid and hidroxicinnamic acids, flavonol glucosides, biflavnoids&nbsp; and a cumarin in juices of the investigated species. Furthermore, condensation products of degradation products of indole glucosinolates with ascorbic acid-&nbsp; ascorbigen and metoxiascorbigen were present in all juices. Anthocyanes were present in juices of red cabbage. The highest total content of glucosinolates was determined in broccoli, while red cabbage had the highest total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, as well as content of qunic acid. Red cabbage was a variety that showed the highest antioxidant capacity measured by different assays. Broccoli and cauliflower expressed the highest antimicrobial potential, while Savoy cabbage was a variety with the highest antitumor effect. Investigation of chemical composition and biological activity showed that applied cropping conditions may be useful for improving some of the characteristics of investigated species and significance of cropping system only&nbsp; for particular varieties, but not for the whole species in general. As the conclusion, potential&nbsp; combination of juices of red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower and Savoy cabbage could be potent chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent, expressing simultaneously antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor activity.</p>

The effects of diurnal temperature fluctuation and the utility of degree days for modeling clubroot on canola (Brassica napus L.) caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin were assessed using microscopy and qPCR, and in field trials. Temperature fluctuation had little effect on pathogen development. The optimal temperature for root hair infection was 25° C. Air and soil degree days and rainfall were used as metrics for estimating clubroot development, with only limited success. Several cultivars of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) with unknown clubroot resistance mechanism(s) were assessed using staining and microscopy, and qPCR. In field trials, ‘Bronco’ was susceptible to clubroot (100 DSI), ‘Kilaherb’ was resistant (0 DSI), and ‘B-2819’ was intermediate (53 DSI). Plasmodiophora brassicae was present in cortical tissue of all cultivars. A delayed disease phenotype in ‘B-2819’ may indicate a quantitative resistance genotype that could be exploited in research on resistance genes and breeding.

No description available.

Orientador: Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho / Coorientador: Hilário Júnior de Almeida / Banca: André Rodrigues dos Reis / Banca: Roberto Botelho Ferraz Branco / Banca: Priscila Lupino Gratão / Banca: Gilmara Pereira da Silva / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar concentrações de selênio (selenato e selenito de sódio) no crescimento, produção e biofortificação de duas cultivares de repolho. Para isso foram realizados dois experimentos em casa de vegetação, em sistema hidropônico, no período de julho a novembro de 2014, na UNESP, campus Jaboticabal-SP. Os experimentos diferiram conforme a fonte de selênio (Se) utilizada (selenato e selenito de sódio). Em ambos os experimentos, avaliaram-se dois fatores, sendo: duas cultivares de repolho ('Fênix' e 'Red Dinasty') e cinco concentrações de Se (0, 5, 15, 30 e 60 µmol L-1) na solução nutritiva. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com esquema fatorial 2 x 5 e quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram o teor e acúmulo de Se na raiz e cabeça de repolho, área, diâmetro, comprimento e densidade de raiz, produtividade de repolho, massa seca de raiz, caule e cabeça de repolho e o teor e acúmulo de nitrogênio, fósforo e enxofre na cabeça de repolho. As fontes selenato e selenito promoveram o crescimento das raízes de repolho devido aos aumentos verificados em área, diâmetro, comprimento e densidade de raiz, em baixas concentrações de Se aplicadas. O aumento da produção de massa seca de raiz provavelmente foi devido o maior crescimento da raiz, que foi influenciado pelo fornecimento de Se. A massa seca do caule foi diferente apenas entre as cultivares de repolho com aplicação de selenato ou selenito. O teor de nitrogênio ap... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this research was to evaluate concentrations of selenium (sodium selenate and selenite) in the growth, production and biofortification of two cabbage cultivars. Two experiments were carried out in greenhouse under hydroponic system, from July to November, 2014, at UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP campus. The experiments differed according to the source of selenium (Se) used (sodium selenate and selenite). In both experiments two factors were evaluated: two cabbage cultivars ('Fênix' and 'Red Dinasty') and five concentrations of Se (0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 μmol L-1) in the nutrient solution. The experimental was a randomized block design, with 2 x 5 factorial and four replications. The variables analyzed were the content and accumulation of Se in the root and shoot cabbage, evaluating area, diameter, length, density and dry mass in the root, cabbage yield, stem and cabbage head, and the content accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur in the cabbage shoot. Selenate and selenite sources promoted the growth of cabbage roots due to increases in area, diameter, length and root density at low concentrations of Se applied. The increase in root dry mass production was probably due to higher root growth, which was influenced by the supply of Se. The dry mass of the stem was different only between the cabbage cultivars with application of selenate or selenite. The nitrogen content presented differences only among the cultivars when the selenite source was used. Both S sources ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:15:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_jp_me_botfca.pdf: 2151988 bytes, checksum: 2bbd76f5a9b3e68d8ce9944de3daae02 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O repolho é uma hortaliça que se destaca como fonte de β-caroteno, vitamina C, fornece de vitaminas B1, B2, E e K, além de sais minerais. O mercado de produtos orgânicos vem crescendo muito nos últimos anos, sendo uma ótima alternativa para os pequenos agricultores, já que utiliza menor quantidade de insumos agrícolas e proporcionam alto valor agregado dos produtos, devido à preferência dos consumidores por alimentos mais saudáveis Os compostos clorados são amplamente utilizados como sanitizantes, porém apresentam a desvantagem da formação de subprodutos (organoclorados). Por outro lado, o ozônio é considerado um sanitizante alternativo devido as suas características de instabilidade e não formação de subprodutos. O modo de cultivo, armazenamento, ambiente, assim como o clima influenciam nas qualidades nutricionais dos vegetais. O objetivo do capítulo I foi avaliar a influência de diferentes sistemas de cultivo e água ozonizada durante a pós colheita de repolhos, através da análise de compostos com atividade antioxidante. No segundo capítulo objetivou-se avaliar a influência do tipo de cultivo na produção de repolho e na composição nutricional de repolho. No capítulo I avaliou-se os teores de fenóis totais, flavonóides totais, ácido ascórbico, clorofila total, nitrato, poliaminas e atividade antioxidante; além da presença de pesticida e micro-organismos. As análises foram realizadas nos períodos de 0, 12 e 20 dias de armazenamento em câmara fria e aos 12 dias em câmara fria +4 dias de ambiente e 20 dias em câmara fria +4 dias de ambiente (simulação de comercialização). As características avaliadas no capítulo II foram produção em massa fresca de repolho por unidade de área;ciclo de cultivo; peso da cabeça (PC); diâmetro do caule (DC); índice de formato de cabeça (IFC); o número de... / Cabbage is a vegetable that stands out as a source of β-carotene, vitamin C, provides vitamins B1, B2, E and K, and minerals. The market for organic products has grown considerably in recent years and is a great alternative for small farmers, since it uses fewer inputs and have a high added value, due to consumer preference for healthier foods chlorinated compounds are widely used as sanitizers, but have the disadvantage of formation of bioproducts (organochlorines), moreover, ozone is considered a sanitizing alternative due to its characteristics of instability and no formation of bioproducts. The cultivation method, storage environment and climate can affect the nutritional quality of plants. Chapter I one aimed to evaluate two crop systems and ozonized water on cabbage post-harvest, through antioxidant compounds. The second chapter aimed to evaluate nutritional cabbage characteristics. The evaluation of levels of total phenols, total flavonoid, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, nitrate, polyamines and antioxidant activity during periods of 0, 12 and 20 days of cold storage and 12 days in cold storage + 4 days room temperature and 20 days in cold storage + 4 days room temperature ( commercialization simulation). The characteristics were evaluated in Chapter II mass production of fresh cabbage per unit area; crop cycle; head weight (BW), stem diameter (DC), head shape index (SFI). The number of components leaves skirt (NF), occurrence of pests and diseases besides pesticide analysis. After classifying the cabbages were selected, cleaned and subjected to nutritional analyzes of: carbohydrates, protein, carotene, fiber and lipids. For the chapter I, it can be concluded that from the results, we cannot say that the organics were better than conventional. The sanitizers used did not influence the antioxidant... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 731287 bytes, checksum: 8b9af9645937d82cbccc86c4a0358cf2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-21 / The performance of the seeds after sowing is mainly determined by its physiological and sanitary quality that ensures adequate plant establishment in the field. Priming, used as pre-sowing treatment, has been recommended as an alternative to increase seed germination and also to provide more rapid and uniform emergence, especially for vegetable seeds. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of priming on the performance of cabbage seeds with different levels of vigor. The experiment was conducted at Seed Laboratory of the Department of Plant Science at Federal University of Viçosa. Seeds of four lots of cabbage cultivar "60 days", with different levels of vigor were used. The seeds of each lot were primed in aerated polyethylene glycol 6000 at -1.0 MPa potential for periods of 2, 4 and 6 days at 20 º C. The seeds of each treatment were subjected to germination test, calculating the index of germination speed and germination rate by counting the germinated seeds from the first day until five days after sowing, and the germination value was obtained after ten days after sowing. The percentage of seedling emergence, the rate of emergence speed and emergence rate were assessed by a germination test in trays containing sand in a greenhouse. For assessing seed vigor was performed accelerated aging test and the length of hypocotyl and radicle and seedling dry mass were measured. It was concluded that priming is effective to improve the germination and vigor of cabbage seeds, mainly when seed imbibition was done in aerated PEG-6000 -1.0 MPa for a period of six days. Positive effects of priming on germination and vigor were more evident in seed lots with low vigor. Seed drying after priming may decrease the beneficial effects of priming on cabbage seeds. / O desempenho das sementes após a semeadura é determinado principalmente pela sua qualidade fisiológica e sanitária que garante um adequado estabelecimento das plantas em campo. O condicionamento osmótico, usado como tratamento présemeadura, vem sendo indicado como alternativa para aumentar a germinação das sementes e também para proporcionar emergência mais rápida e uniforme, especialmente de hortaliças. Portanto, avaliou-se o efeito do condicionamento osmótico sobre o desempenho de sementes de repolho com diferentes níveis de vigor. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Sementes do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Foram utilizadas sementes de quatro lotes repolho, cultivar 60 dias , com diferentes níveis de qualidade fisiológica. As sementes de cada lote foram condicionadas em solução aerada de polietileno glicol 6000 no potencial -1,0 MPa pelos períodos de 2, 4 e 6 dias a 20º C. As sementes de cada tratamento foram submetidas ao teste de germinação calculando-se a primeira contagem de germinação aos cinco dias após semeadura, a germinação final aos dez dias após a semeadura, o índice de velocidade de germinação e a velocidade de germinação. Avaliou-se também a porcentagem de emergência de plântulas, o índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE) e a velocidade de emergência, em bandejas contendo areia em casa de vegetação. Ainda para avaliar o vigor das sementes, foi realizado o teste de envelhecimento acelerado, o comprimento de hipocótilo e radícula e a massa seca das plântulas. Concluiu-se que o osmocondicionamento é eficiente para melhorar a germinação e o vigor das sementes de repolho, principalmente quando se utiliza a embebição das sementes em solução aerada de PEG-6000 a -1,0 MPa, pelo período de seis dias. Efeitos positivos do condicionamento osmótico na germinação e vigor das sementes foram mais evidentes em lotes de menor qualidade fisiológica. A secagem das sementes após o condicionamento osmótico pode diminuir os efeitos benéficos do osmocondicionamento em sementes de repolho.

The predictive values of standard and non-standard germination temperatures, standard accelerated ageing (AA) and saturated salt accelerated ageing (SSAA) tests were investigated. Germination tests were performed at standard and non-standard temperatures of 10°, 20°, 20°/30° and 30°C for cabbage and tomato, and 10°, 15°, 20° and 30°C for onion. The AA and SSAA tests were conducted using four relative humidities: standard AA (RH100), NaCl (RH75), Ca(NO3)2 (RH43) and MgCl2 (RH32). Emergence trials were also conducted at a range of temperatures (winter, 15°/25° and 30°C) and media (Hygromix and soil) using seedling trays. Correlations were calculated to evaluate the relationship between laboratory and emergence test results. Three onion seed lots that have different vigour levels were primed with PEG or NaCl and were germinated and planted under varying temperatures and levels of salinity. There were vigour differences among different seed lots of cabbage, onion and tomato seeds used in this study. Using the different laboratory tests, seed lots were distinguished as high, medium and low vigour seed lots. The low temperature germination test (10°C) for cabbage and onion; and 20°C for tomato were found to be effective for separation of seed lots according to their vigour levels. All SSAA vigour tests were also useful in differentiating seed lots based on their physiological stage of deterioration. Using the standard AA (RH100) the seed moisture content was high (29 to 45%), resulting in fungal growth. However, in the SSAA test the moisture content was below 14% and no fungal growth was observed. Ageing of seed lots using NaCl and MgCl2 resulted in a low narrow range of moisture contents, but using Ca (NO3)2 the range of the moisture content between seed lots was higher. For all crop seeds, there was no significant difference in the percentage emergence between the two growth media but larger seedlings were observed from the commercial growth medium (Hygromix). For cabbage, highly significant correlations were obtained between germination percentage at 10°C and RH32 and all emergence trials. In onion, the correlations were not consistent; highly significant correlations were observed from germination capacity (GC), 15°C, 20°C, 30°C, RH75 and RH32; and emergence parameters at specific conditions. However, the germination percentage from 30°C correlated significantly with the final emergence percentage and seedling vigour index. Germination of tomato seeds at 20°C and all SSAA had highly significant correlation with all emergence parameters. The germination rate parameters: MGT (mean germination time) and GI (germination index) were valuable in categorising seed lots with moderate vigour levels, however, except GE in cabbage and onion, all other germination rate characters failed to correlate with any emergence parameters. The radicle percentage germination (viability or GC) and final emergence percentage (FEP) were not enhanced by priming in all seed lots in the germination and emergence trials at all temperatures. The percentage of normal seedling was increased due to priming when seeds were subjected to low temperature and higher salinity levels. Priming was effective in improving the rate, uniformity of germination/emergence; and increased the seedling dry mass of onion seeds when grown under relatively cold environmental conditions. Priming was more beneficial for low vigour seed lots (seed lot A) than for high vigour seed lots (B, C). Priming also improved germination rate and uniformity at all salinity levels, but faster rate of emergence, more uniform and higher seedling dry mass were only observed when seeds were watered with low salinity levels (25 mM of NaCl). No significant difference was observed using NaCl or PEG as priming agent. Onion seeds are tolerant to salinity during germination and the effect of priming was more beneficial at emergence. / Dissertation (MSc (Agric) Horticulture)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

A anemia causada por deficiência de ferro é a forma mais comum de todas as anemias e afeta grande parcela da população mundial, especialmente o grupo materno-infantil: lactentes, pré-escolares, escolares, gestantes e nutrizes. A carência acarreta atraso no desenvolvimento psicomotor e cognitivo de crianças menores de dois anos, além de diminuição da eficiência da função imune, e agravamento de doenças infecciosas. O presente estudo teve por objetivos avaliar a disponibilidade de ferro em alimentos fontes deste e de vitamina A, ovo (o), cenoura (c) e couve (cv), bem como verificar a interação do ferro com &#945; e ß-caroteno, e com outros interferentes. As misturas foram de ovo com cenoura e ovo com couve em diferentes proporções (1:1), (1:1,5), (1:2), (1:2,5) e (1:3) e também dos 3 alimentos sozinhos, totalizando 13 amostras. As amostras, após pré-preparo e cocção, foram submetidas às análises de composição centesimal, ferro, taninos, ácido fítico, ácido oxálico, &#945;- e &#946;- caroteno e ferro dialisável. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística empregando o teste de Tukey, regressão polinomial e correlação, utilizando o software SAS (1996). Os valores para umidade variaram de 83,93 a 95,74 g/100g, apresentando diferenças significativas entre as distintas amostras, assim como para proteínas (0,55 a 7,22g /100g) e extrato etéreo (0,21a 5,94 g/100g). Foi observado que em relação à umidade, extrato etéreo, proteínas, cinzas e &#946;-caroteno houve correlação significativa para o ferro dialisável, sendo que para umidade e &#946;-caroteno essa correlação foi positiva e para os demais componentes foi negativa. Os teores para taninos, fitatos e oxalatos variaram de 0,78 a 1,40 mEqcatequina/g, 0,17 a 0,42 mg/g, e 0,06 a 0,30% respectivamente. A amostra 2 (1o:1,5c) apresentou teores mais elevados de taninos (1,40 mEqcatequina/g), e as amostras 6 (1o:1cv) e 7 (1o:1,5cv) apresentaram teores mais elevados de oxalato e teores de ferro dialisável mais baixo, em relação às outras misturas. O teor de &#945;-caroteno para as amostras contendo cenoura variou de 2.435,27 a 4.609,83 µg/100g. Quanto ao &#946;-caroteno observou-se variações de 2.406,75 a 7.881,55 µg/100g, sendo evidenciado valores mais elevados para as amostras com cenoura. Numericamente, as misturas com maior proporção de cenoura e couve apresentaram os maiores resultados para o ferro dialisável, que variou entre 0,99 a 7,43%, sendo que a amostra 5 (1o:3c) apresentou o melhor resultado, seguida pelas amostras 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9 e 10. Pelos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que as misturas com maior proporção de cenoura e couve aumentaram a disponibilidade do ferro, principalmente pelo maior conteúdo de ß-caroteno. Não houve interferência significativa dos antinutricionais sobre o ferro dialisável, embora os taninos e ácido oxálico atuaram como fatores limitantes quando observados os valores numéricos nas amostras com maiores concentrações de cenoura e couve. O ß-caroteno apresentou correlação positiva significativa com o ferro dialisável, exercendo influência na redução do efeito dos antinutricionais, especialmente dos fitatos, na disponibilidade do ferro, principalmente nas amostras com cenoura. Assim, pode ser recomendada a utilização de misturas de alimentos como ovo e cenoura, sendo que este último deve estar em maiores proporções em refeições destinadas a populações carentes em ferro. / The anemia caused by iron deficiency, is the form more common of all the anemias and it affects large portion of the world population, especially the maternal-infantile group: infants, child-school, children, pregnant woman and nutrizes, carting delay in the development psicomotor and cognitive of smaller children two years old, besides decrease of the efficiency of the immune function, and worsening of infectious diseases. This research aims to estimate the iron availability in food iron sources and vitamin A, egg (e), carrot (c) and cabbage (cb), as well as to verify the interaction of the iron with &#945;, ß-carotene and with other interferents, being mixed the foods in study, resulted 13 food mixtures in different proportions (1:1), (1:1.5), (1:2), (1:2.5) and (1:3) include three food alone. The food mixtures, after prepare and cooking, was submitted the analyses of centesimal composition, levels of iron, tannin, phytic acid, oxalic acid, &#945;, ßcarotene and in vitro iron dialysability. The statistical analysis was determinate by SAS System include polynomial regression and correlation. The values for moisture varied from 83.93 to 95.74 g/100g, showing significant differences among the different mixtures, as well as for proteins (0.55 to 7.22 g/100g) and fat (0.21 to 5.94 g/100g). There was significant correlation with regard to moisture, fat, protein, ash and ß-carotene to in vitro iron dialysability, being positive correlation to moisture and ß-carotene, and negative to other components. The levels of tannins, phytate and oxalates ranged 0.78 to 1.40 mEqcatequina/g, 0.17 to 0.42mg/g and 0.06 to 0.30%, respectively. The mixture 2 (1e:1.5c) showed high levels of tannins (1.40mEqcatequina/g), and the mixtures 6 (1e:1cb) and 7 (1e:1.5cb) high levels of oxalates, and lower levels of in vitro dialysability iron, in relation to the other mixtures. The values for &#945;- carotene to mixtures with carrot ranged 2,435.27 to 4,609.83 µg/100g. With regard to ß-carotene, ranged variations to 2,406.75 from 7,881.55 µg/100g, being observed higher levels for the mixtures with carrot. The numbers showed that the mixtures with larger carrot and cabbage proportion showed the bigger results for the in vitro dialysability iron, ranges to 0.99 from 7.43 %, and the sample 5 (1e:3cb) it presented the bigger value, proceeded by the mixtures 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9 and 10. It’s concluded that the mixtures with larger carrot and cabbage proportion increased the iron availability, especially for the largest content of ß-carotene. There was not significant interference of antinutritional in the in vitro iron dialysability, although tannins and oxalates were an inhibitor when observed the numeric values in the mixtures with larger carrot and cabbage concentrations. The ß-carotene showed significant positive correlation with in vitro iron dialysability, increasing influence in the reduction of the antinutritional factors effect, especially phytates, in the iron availability, mainly in the mixtures with carrot. Therefore, the use of food mixtures as egg and carrot can be recommended, and this last one should be in larger proportions in meals destined to lacking populations in iron.

Orientador: Lima Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima / Coorientador: Goto Rumy / Banca: Hur Mattiuz / Banca: Luciana Manoel de Oliveira / Resumo: O repolho é uma hortaliça que se destaca como fonte de β-caroteno, vitamina C, fornece de vitaminas B1, B2, E e K, além de sais minerais. O mercado de produtos orgânicos vem crescendo muito nos últimos anos, sendo uma ótima alternativa para os pequenos agricultores, já que utiliza menor quantidade de insumos agrícolas e proporcionam alto valor agregado dos produtos, devido à preferência dos consumidores por alimentos mais saudáveis Os compostos clorados são amplamente utilizados como sanitizantes, porém apresentam a desvantagem da formação de subprodutos (organoclorados). Por outro lado, o ozônio é considerado um sanitizante alternativo devido as suas características de instabilidade e não formação de subprodutos. O modo de cultivo, armazenamento, ambiente, assim como o clima influenciam nas qualidades nutricionais dos vegetais. O objetivo do capítulo I foi avaliar a influência de diferentes sistemas de cultivo e água ozonizada durante a pós colheita de repolhos, através da análise de compostos com atividade antioxidante. No segundo capítulo objetivou-se avaliar a influência do tipo de cultivo na produção de repolho e na composição nutricional de repolho. No capítulo I avaliou-se os teores de fenóis totais, flavonóides totais, ácido ascórbico, clorofila total, nitrato, poliaminas e atividade antioxidante; além da presença de pesticida e micro-organismos. As análises foram realizadas nos períodos de 0, 12 e 20 dias de armazenamento em câmara fria e aos 12 dias em câmara fria +4 dias de ambiente e 20 dias em câmara fria +4 dias de ambiente (simulação de comercialização). As características avaliadas no capítulo II foram produção em massa fresca de repolho por unidade de área;ciclo de cultivo; peso da cabeça (PC); diâmetro do caule (DC); índice de formato de cabeça (IFC); o número de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Cabbage is a vegetable that stands out as a source of β-carotene, vitamin C, provides vitamins B1, B2, E and K, and minerals. The market for organic products has grown considerably in recent years and is a great alternative for small farmers, since it uses fewer inputs and have a high added value, due to consumer preference for healthier foods chlorinated compounds are widely used as sanitizers, but have the disadvantage of formation of bioproducts (organochlorines), moreover, ozone is considered a sanitizing alternative due to its characteristics of instability and no formation of bioproducts. The cultivation method, storage environment and climate can affect the nutritional quality of plants. Chapter I one aimed to evaluate two crop systems and ozonized water on cabbage post-harvest, through antioxidant compounds. The second chapter aimed to evaluate nutritional cabbage characteristics. The evaluation of levels of total phenols, total flavonoid, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, nitrate, polyamines and antioxidant activity during periods of 0, 12 and 20 days of cold storage and 12 days in cold storage + 4 days room temperature and 20 days in cold storage + 4 days room temperature ( commercialization simulation). The characteristics were evaluated in Chapter II mass production of fresh cabbage per unit area; crop cycle; head weight (BW), stem diameter (DC), head shape index (SFI). The number of components leaves skirt (NF), occurrence of pests and diseases besides pesticide analysis. After classifying the cabbages were selected, cleaned and subjected to nutritional analyzes of: carbohydrates, protein, carotene, fiber and lipids. For the chapter I, it can be concluded that from the results, we cannot say that the organics were better than conventional. The sanitizers used did not influence the antioxidant... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre