The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a 12-week progressive resistance training program (PRT) on single myofiber calcium sensitivity in older women. Five healthy older women between the ages of 67-82 with a mean age of 72.8±2.7 yr. participated in this study. The training regimen consisted of bilateral isotonic knee extensions. The subjects performed 3 sets, the first two sets consisted of 10 repetitions and the last set was performed to volitional exhaustion at 80% of their 1RM 3 days/week. Muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were obtained and single muscle fibers were isolated. The fibers were mounted and fiber length and diameter were determined. The experimental sequence for each fiber was the determination of maximal isometric tension (PO) at pCa 4.5 (pCa = -log [Ca 2+]), and then subsequent activations of the fiber submaximally with free Ca 2+ concentrations of pCa 6.8, 6.5, 6.2, 6.0, 5.8, 5.5, 5.2, 5.0, and 4.7. Due to the small sample size of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) type II single fibers that were studied, only the MHC type I fibers were included for analysis. The MHC type I single fiber diameter increased significantly (p<0.05) from 90.47±3.90 µm to 102.47±2.27 gm pre-to-post PRT, respectively. The Po increased approximately 22% (p<0.05) in the MHC type I fibers pre- to-post PRT. The mean MHC type I fiber Ca 2+ activation threshold increased (p<0.05) from pCa 6.83±0.02 to pCa 6.91±0.01 preto-post PRT. In addition, the mean half-maximal activation of the type I fibers increased (p<0.05) with PRT (5.50±0.02 and 5.70±0.03, pre and post, respectively. The slope of the tension-pCa relationship below (n2) and above (ni) half-maximal activation were also examined to predict molecular cooperativity during cross-bridge interaction. The slope of the Hill plot for n1 did not change significantly with the PRT. However, the slope of the Hill plot for n2 demonstrated a significant increase (p<0.05) from 1.70±0.11 to 2.43±0.09 pre-to-post PRT. In conclusion, the results of this investigation indicate that myofibril Ca 2+ sensitivity and activation properties appear to exhibit a significant role in the mechanisms involved with skeletal muscle adaptability in older women following PRT. / School of Physical Education

Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. / Bibliography: leaves 103-119. / viii, 199, [87] leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Aims to understand at the transcriptional level how 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 up-regulates the mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Biochemistry, 1998?

Bibliography: leaves 358-406 / xv, 406 leaves : ill ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, 1985

Offprint of an article by the author inserted / Bibliography: leaves 351-384 / 384 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Physiology, 1985

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

x, 156 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm Notes Typescript. (Another copy on microfilm is located in Archives) Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Oregon Includes vita and abstract Bibliography: leaves 150-156

Submitted by CAROLINA DE MATOS FIGUEIREDO null (carolinaf.nutri@hotmail.com) on 2016-01-24T19:05:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação PDF.pdf: 691008 bytes, checksum: 2cf64d69340e51ebd81408264bdb85d9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-01-25T16:38:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_cmf_me_araca.pdf: 691008 bytes, checksum: 2cf64d69340e51ebd81408264bdb85d9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T16:38:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_cmf_me_araca.pdf: 691008 bytes, checksum: 2cf64d69340e51ebd81408264bdb85d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-18 / A soja é uma leguminosa rica em proteínas, fonte de cálcio e isoflavonas. Um dos possíveis efeitos das isoflavonas é de reduzir a perda óssea quando há uma deficiência de estrogênio. A proposta desse estudo foi analisar a influência da dieta suplementada com extrato hidrossolúvel de soja (EHS) na massa óssea de ratos adultos jovens de ambos os sexos. Foram utilizados 40 ratos Novergicus Albinus linhagem Wistar adultos jovens e saudáveis, aleatoriamente separados em quatro grupos: macho controle (MC), macho suplementado (MS), fêmea controle (FC) e fêmea suplementada (FS) que permaneceram por 11 semanas em gaiola comum recebendo 500 mL de água e 300g de ração diariamente, os grupos suplementados (MS e FS), ao qual foi oferecido além de água e ração, 500 ml de EHS, durante o mesmo período experimental do controle. O consumo de ração e a ingestão de líquidos foram mensurados, bem como a massa dos animais. Ao final do período os animais foram eutanasiados. Os ossos foram submetidos à densitometria óssea– DXA (osso inteiro e região cortical) e ensaio mecânico, para avaliação da densidade mineral óssea - DMO (g/cm2), Força Máxima (N) e Rigidez (kN/m). Na análise de grau de mineralização foi utilizado as cinzas para quantificar de concentração de cálcio e fósforo. O consumo de EHS provocou diminuição da DMO no grupo MS, porém não houve alteração nas propriedades biomecânicas, força máxima e rigidez. A concentração de cálcio e fósforo nas cinzas dos fêmures do grupo MS foi significantemente menor que o grupo controle. Conclui-se assim, que o extrato hidrossolúvel de soja influenciou negativamente o conteúdo mineral ósseo de ratos machos jovens adultos diminuindo a mineralização, sem alterar as características mecânicas. / Soybeans are a rich legume protein, a source of calcium and isoflavones. One of the possible effects of isoflavones is to reduce bone loss when it was estrogen deficiency. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of diet supplemented with soybean’s hydro soluble extract (SHE) in bone mass in young adults rats of both genders. Were used 40 rats Novergicus Albinus Wistar young and healthy, randomly separated into four groups: male control (MC) and female control(FC), which remained for 11 weeks in common cage receiving 500 ml of water and 300 g of feed daily, and the others supplemented groups; male supplemented (MS) and female supplemented, that was offered in addition to water and feed 500ml of SHE. During the experimental period, feed intake and intake of liquids were measured as well as the mass of animals. At the end, the animals were euthanized. The bones underwent bone densitometry – DXA(whole bone and cortical area) and mechanical testing for bone mineral density - BMD (g / cm 2) Maximum Strength (N) and stiffness (kN / m), respectively. To analyze the mineralization degree was used bone ashes to quantify calcium and phosphorus concentration. The consumption of SHE caused decreased of BMD in MS group, but there were no changes in the bone biomechanical properties, maximum strength and rigidity. Concluding that the water extract of soy beans negatively affected the bone mineral content of young adult males rats decreasing the mineralization degree without changing the mechanical characteristics.

Orientador: Mario Jefferson Quirino Louzada / Banca: Paulo César Ciarlini / Banca: Cáris Maroni Nunes / Resumo: A soja é uma leguminosa rica em proteínas, fonte de cálcio e isoflavonas. Um dos possíveis efeitos das isoflavonas é de reduzir a perda óssea quando há uma deficiência de estrogênio. A proposta desse estudo foi analisar a influência da dieta suplementada com extrato hidrossolúvel de soja (EHS) na massa óssea de ratos adultos jovens de ambos os sexos. Foram utilizados 40 ratos Novergicus Albinus linhagem Wistar adultos jovens e saudáveis, aleatoriamente separados em quatro grupos: macho controle (MC), macho suplementado (MS), fêmea controle (FC) e fêmea suplementada (FS) que permaneceram por 11 semanas em gaiola comum recebendo 500 mL de água e 300g de ração diariamente, os grupos suplementados (MS e FS), ao qual foi oferecido além de água e ração, 500 ml de EHS, durante o mesmo período experimental do controle. O consumo de ração e a ingestão de líquidos foram mensurados, bem como a massa dos animais. Ao final do período os animais foram eutanasiados. Os ossos foram submetidos à densitometria óssea- DXA (osso inteiro e região cortical) e ensaio mecânico, para avaliação da densidade mineral óssea - DMO (g/cm2), Força Máxima (N) e Rigidez (kN/m). Na análise de grau de mineralização foi utilizado as cinzas para quantificar de concentração de cálcio e fósforo. O consumo de EHS provocou diminuição da DMO no grupo MS, porém não houve alteração nas propriedades biomecânicas, força máxima e rigidez. A concentração de cálcio e fósforo nas cinzas dos fêmures do grupo MS foi signific... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Soybeans are a rich legume protein, a source of calcium and isoflavones. One of the possible effects of isoflavones is to reduce bone loss when it was estrogen deficiency. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of diet supplemented with soybean's hydro soluble extract (SHE) in bone mass in young adults rats of both genders. Were used 40 rats Novergicus Albinus Wistar young and healthy, randomly separated into four groups: male control (MC) and female control(FC), which remained for 11 weeks in common cage receiving 500 ml of water and 300 g of feed daily, and the others supplemented groups; male supplemented (MS) and female supplemented, that was offered in addition to water and feed 500ml of SHE. During the experimental period, feed intake and intake of liquids were measured as well as the mass of animals. At the end, the animals were euthanized. The bones underwent bone densitometry - DXA(whole bone and cortical area) and mechanical testing for bone mineral density - BMD (g / cm 2) Maximum Strength (N) and stiffness (kN / m), respectively. To analyze the mineralization degree was used bone ashes to quantify calcium and phosphorus concentration. The consumption of SHE caused decreased of BMD in MS group, but there were no changes in the bone biomechanical properties, maximum strength and rigidity. Concluding that the water extract of soy beans negatively affected the bone mineral content of young adult males rats decreasing the mineralization degree without c... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The plasma membrane calcium-transport ATPase plays a major role in maintaining the low cytosolic calcium concentrations required for normal cellular function. Calcium, magnesium, calmodulin and lanthanum have been shown to alter the activity of the calcium-stimulated, magnesium-dependent ATPase activity in human erythrocytes. In an attempt to examine the reaction sequence of the (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺)-ATPase, the effects of these agents on the kinetics of calcium dependent phosphoprotein formation, the first step in the partial reaction sequence, were examined. Calmo-dulin-depleted erythrocyte membranes were prepared by hypotonic lysis in the presence of EDTA, according to the method of Carafoli et al (1980). Calcium-dependent formation of the phosphorylated intermediate was biphasic; the high calcium-affinity component was associated with low levels of E.Ca.P and a shallow response to changing calcium concentrations, whereas in the region of the low calcium-affinity component, E.Ca.P rose sharply in response to increasing calcium concentrations. The low affinity component of E.Ca.P lies in the range of calcium concentrations which inhibit (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺)-ATPase activity. When analyzed on LiDS acid PAGE, both components of calcium-dependent phosphoprotein formation were due to hydroxylamine-sensitive phosphorylation of a 135,000-145,000 dalton protein. Hence, the low calcium-affinity component of phosphoprotein formation and calcium-dependent inhibition of (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺)-ATPase activity were likely due to calcium-inhibition of dephosphorylation. Kinetic studies of calcium-dependent phosphoprotein formation, at two different calcium concentrations (1.0 μM, 0.4 mM), indicated that a steady-state was reached much sooner at higher calcium concentrations. Lanthanum, which is known to block dephosphorylation of the intermediate complex, increased both the apparent rate of formation and the steady-state level of the phosphorylated intermediate. Calmodulin, which has previously been shown to increase both the maximum velocity and the calcium affinity of the (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺)-ATPase, did not affect either calcium-dependent inhibition of (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺ )-ATPase activity or the biphasic nature of calcium-dependent phosphoprotein formation. At low calcium concentrations, calmodulin increased the apparent rate of phosphoprotein formation, whereas at higher calcium concentrations (0.4 mM) calmodulin reduced the steady-state level of the phosphoprotein; the apparent rate of formation was unaffected. In the presence of lanthanum, calmodulin increased both the apparent rate of formation and steady-state level of the phosphoprotein, suggesting that the true rate of formation was increased by calmodulin at higher calcium concentrations, but this was normally hidden by a simultaneous increase in the rate of dephosphorylation. Removal of endogenous magnesium, using trans-1,2-diamino-cyclohexane tetraacetic acid (CDTA) did not alter the calcium sensitivity or rate of formation of the phosphorylated intermediate, however turnover of the intermediate was markedly reduced. In the absence of free magnesium, both the velocity and calcium sensitivity of the (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺)-ATPase were also found to be lower. The low calcium-affinity component of calcium-dependent phosphoprotein formation, which Schatzmann (1982) has attributed to an action of calcium at a "magnesium-specific" site, was not affected by magnesium concentrations as high as 1 mM. Furthermore, this phosphoprotein could be dephosphorylated along either the forward or reverse pathways. These results indicate that the transformation from E₁.Ca.P to E₂.Ca.P may not be the site of the calcium-dependent inhibition of dephosphorylation. Calmodulin-depleted membrane fragments were prepared from the erythrocytes of cystic fibrosis patients as well as age- and sex-matched controls. Under conditions in which dephosphoryla-tion is inhibited, phosphoprotein formation and (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺)-ATPase activities were determined. Both (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺)-ATPase activity and phoshoprotein formation were found to be significantly reduced in the preparations derived from patients with cystic fibrosis. Turnover of the phosphorylated intermediate did not differ significantly between the two groups. A reduction in (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺)-ATPase activity and phosphoprotein formation suggests that there may be fewer active calcium-pumping sites in the erythrocyte membranes of cystic fibrosis patients compared to normal subjects. / Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of / Graduate

Mammalian myocardial contractility is believed to be regulated by the amount of calcium contained in a highly labile superficial calcium pool. The purpose of the first part of this study was to determine the role of such sites in the positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol. Lanthanum, an ion known to be restricted to the extracellular space and which displaces the superficially-bound calcium, was selected as a tool for this investigation. In Langendorff preparations of the guinea pig heart, lanthanum decreased the basal contractility index (+dP/dtmax) in a concentration-dependent fashion (0.05-3 µM) and blocked the inotropic response of isoproterenol in a non-competitive manner (0.25-3 µM). Three µM lanthanum: 1) reduced basal contractility and the maximum response to isoproterenol by 97 and 95%, respectively; 2) had no significant effect (p>0.05) on basal and isoproterenol-induced cyclic AMP levels; and 3) had no effect on the kd of [³H]nitrendipine binding, but reduced the Bmax by 31%. While 1 µM lanthanum reduced basal contractility and the maximum response to isoproterenol by 90 and 70%, respectively, it had no effect on [³H]nitrendipine binding. These results suggest that the effects of such low concentrations of lanthanum (≤3 µM) are not related to a direct action on the calcium channels and are not mediated by an inhibition of isoproterenol stimulation suggest that superficially-bound calcium is required for the inotropic response of isoproterenol. The purpose of the second part of this study was to elucidate the biochemical nature of the superficial calcium binding sites, the sialic acids in particular, in the inotropic response of cardiotonic agents. To determine the role of the glycocalyx residues of sialic acids in excitation-contraction coupling and the inotropic response to cardiotonic agents, I studied the effect of removal of the sialic acids following neuraminidase treatment on the response to ouabain, isoproterenol, calcium and reduced extracellular sodium in Langendorff preparations of adult guinea pig hearts. Neuraminidase treatment (0.01 U/ml, 1 h) reduced the magnitude of the positive inotropic response to 2.5x10⁻⁷M ouabain and the maximum response to 5x10⁻⁷ M ouabain by about 46 and 30%, respectively, but did not prevent ouabain toxicity. Neuraminidase treatment did not affect the contractility produced by calcium concentration alterations up to 5 mM calcium or the positive inotropic effect produced by lowering external sodium to as low as 80 mM. The inotropic response to as high as 10⁻⁸ M isoproterenol was also not affected. The contractility response developed to calcium concentrations greater than 5 mM and to 5x10⁻⁸ M isoproterenol were significantly reduced (p<0.05) by neuraminidase treatment. The content of sialic acids in neuraminidase-treated hearts used in the above concentration-response reduced by 70.7, 66.1, 65.6 and 66.2%, respectively. Neuraminidase treatment had no effect on basal (Na⁺-K⁺)ATPase and Mg²⁺ -ATPase activities of (Na⁺-K⁺)ATPase-containing membrane preparations of the guinea pig left ventricle. Neuraminidase treatment neither influenced the sensitivity of the enzyme (Na⁺-K⁺)ATPase to ouabain inhibition nor did it affect the characteristics of [³H]ouabain binding to the preparation. These results suggest that the sialic acids of the glycocalyx in the guinea pig left ventricle play an important role in part of the inotropic response to subtoxic concentrations of ouabain. / Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of / Graduate