Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:01:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanieleBS.pdf: 1633795 bytes, checksum: 941be4e366543e177b0a19391d2eeb19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-05 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The aim of this study was to test the sediment preference of L. vannamei shrimp. It was observed shrimp visit frequency, swimming and burying behaviour at different sediment compositions for 24h. Juvenile (0.93 ? 0.29g) and sub-adult shrimps (10.0 ? 1.18g) were obtained from the aquaculture station at Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-?rido UFERSA, and held in a plastic tank (water volume 500 L) supplied with aerated water and kept at constant temperature, pH, and salinity. Shrimp was fed by commercial shrimp dry food. The experimental substrates were composed by A: medium sand + thick sand + very thick sand + gravel; B: very fine sand + fine sand; and C: silt + clay. Thus, six different substrate combinations were tested: A, B, C, A+B, A+C, B+C. To test preference, it was used a cylindrical tank (40 l) divided into six differently substrate compartments. A single shrimp was introduced each tank and the frequency at which this shrimp visited each compartment was recorded over a 24h study period. It was tested 54 shrimp (18 sub-adult males, 18 subadult females and 18 juveniles). For each trial, sediment and water were changed to avoid pheromones and residues influence. Shrimp were weighted and sub-adults were divided by sex: males present petasma and females present thelycum. Data were collected on the experimental day at 19:30; 20:30; 00:30; 1:30; 05:30; 06:30; 13:30 and 14:30 h. At each time point, shrimp were observed for 20-min periods, in which we noted down which compartment the shrimp was occupying at 2-min intervals. Thus, for each period we had eleven observations (88 observations per day). For observations at night, it was used dim red light that did not affect shrimp behaviour. At each 20-min period, it was observed visit frequency in each substrate, if shrimp was burred or not or if it was swimming. There was not significant difference between light and dark burry activity for females. Swimming activity was significantly higher at night, mainly at 00:30 and 01:30 h. All L. vannamei shrimp showed preference for sediment B. This animal presents cyclic activity, spends the day light period buried and swims at night / Este trabalho visou caracterizar a freq??ncia de visita e enterramento como prefer?ncia de sedimento em diferentes sedimentos e a atividade natat?ria dos camar?es Litopenaeus vannamei durante 24 horas. Camar?es juvenis (0,93 g ? 0,29) e pr?-adultos (10,05 g ? 1,18) foram coletados da Esta??o de Aq?icultura da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-?rido UFERSA, e mantidos por 10 dias em tanques de 500 L, com alimenta??o, aera??o constante, temperatura, pH e salinidade est?veis. Tr?s grupos granulom?tricos foram pr?-estabelecidos como substratos experimentais: C= silte + argila; B = areia muito fina + areia fina; A= areia m?dia + areia grossa + areia muito grossa + cascalho. Seis diferentes combina??es de substratos foram testadas: A, B, C, A+B, A+C, B+C. Utilizou-se tanques cil?ndricos (40L), com fundo preenchido por 6 bandejas. A cada bateria, trocou-se os sedimentos e ?gua, evitando a influ?ncia de ferom?nios e caracter?sticas alteradas do sedimento. Inicialmente pesou-se os camar?es individualmente e os organismos pr?-adultos separados por sexo, com base em caracteres externos: presen?a do petasma nos machos e t?lico nas f?meas. Colocou-se 1 camar?o/tanque, tendo livre e imediato acesso aos diferentes tipos de sedimentos. Para observa??o na fase escura, utilizou-se o aux?lio de luz vermelha. O m?todo de observa??o foi o Animal Focal Instant?neo, com registro a cada 2 minutos, em janelas de 20 minutos, em 8 hor?rios ao longo do dia: 19:30 h; 20:30 h; 00:30 h; 1:30 h; 05:30 h; 06:30 h;13:30 h; 14:30 h, totalizando 88 registros em 24 horas. Utilizou-se 54 camar?es de L. vannamei (18 machos, 18 f?meas e 18 juvenis). Observou-se: a) freq??ncia de visita; b) comportamento de enterramento e desenterrado; c) Atividade natat?ria. Diante dos dados obtidos, observou-se maior freq??ncia de visita??o do L. vannamei, tanto jovem quanto pr?-adulto, no sedimento B. Este animal apresenta atividade c?clica, permanecendo enterrado durante o dia na maior parte dos hor?rios observados e exercendo nata??o durante a noite. N?o houve diferen?a significativa no comportamento de enterramento das f?meas. O comportamento de nata??o foi mais freq?ente na fase escura quando comparada ? fase clara, principalmente nos hor?rios de 00:30 e 01:30 horas

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-10-26T21:50:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineHoracioDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1775959 bytes, checksum: a0dc5dbdf2dd3269222319b8b154c66c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-12-26T16:08:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineHoracioDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1775959 bytes, checksum: a0dc5dbdf2dd3269222319b8b154c66c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-26T16:08:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineHoracioDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1775959 bytes, checksum: a0dc5dbdf2dd3269222319b8b154c66c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-27 / A principal caracter?stica para que uma produ??o seja considerada sustent?vel ? assumir que a natureza ? finita, evitando-se desta forma o crescimento sem limites. A busca da sustentabilidade na carcinicultura tem sido uma preocupa??o constante dos ?rg?os ambientais. A utiliza??o de probi?ticos tem sido atualmente apontada como uma eficiente forma de tratamento da mat?ria org?nica presente na coluna d??gua e no solo dos viveiros, possibilitando a minimiza??o da utiliza??o de ?gua nos cultivos, que ? um dos requisitos fundamentais para tornar a carcinicultura ambientalmente respons?vel. Os probi?ticos tamb?m atuam como produto natural na profilaxia das enfermidades, promovendo um melhor crescimento dos organismos aqu?ticos cultiv?veis. Dessa forma, a primeira parte desta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de dois probi?ticos comerciais, de diferentes composi??es, sobre o potencial zoot?cnico e resist?ncia a estresse de larvas e p?s-larvas da esp?cie Litopenaeus vannamei cultivadas em escala comercial. A segunda parte investigou as pr?ticas de manejo adotadas pelos micro produtores de camar?o do litoral Sul do Rio Grande do Norte, caracterizando-se tamb?m os aspectos sociais e ambientais da carcinicultura percebidos por esses produtores. Na primeira fase, os cultivos da esp?cie Litopenaeus vannamei tiveram in?cio na fase larval (n?uplio V), com dura??o de 18 dias, quando foram submetidos a dois tratamentos: P1 - probi?tico um; P2 - probi?tico dois. As unidades experimentais consistiram em seis tanques de 15.000 L, com tr?s repeti??es para cada tratamento. Os probi?ticos foram aplicados diariamente conforme recomenda??o dos fabricantes, sendo os par?metros salinidade, temperatura, pH e oxig?nio dissolvido monitorados. As p?s-larvas submetidas ao P2 apresentaram valores m?dios maiores (p < 0,05) para comprimento (em PL 1 e PL 5), pesos ?mido e seco (em PL 5) e percentual de metamorfose (90%) em rela??o ao outro tratamento; as demais vari?veis n?o diferiram. As sobreviv?ncias finais foram 56,4% e 64,9% para p?s-larvas submetidas ao P1 e ao P2, respectivamente. Observou-se que o probi?tico 2 foi mais efetivo na melhoria dos par?metros bi?ticos. Na segunda fase, foram realizadas 27 entrevistas atrav?s de formul?rios semi-estruturados, com produtores do litoral Sul do Rio Grande do Norte. Constatou-se que 85,2% dos produtores s?o homens, com baixa taxa de analfabetismo (3,7%), com renda de 2 a 5 sal?rios m?nimos (44,4%) e que 22,2% t?m a carcinicultura como principal fonte de renda. Verificou-se que menos de 50% receberam assist?ncia t?cnica no ?ltimo ano e poucas s?o as medidas de biosseguran?a adotadas pelos mesmos. Com rela??o ?s boas pr?ticas de manejo recomendadas pela Associa??o Brasileira de Produtores de Camar?o (ABCC), apenas 11,1% dos carcinicultores fazem uso de probi?ticos e essa vari?vel n?o possui rela??o com a renda mensal familiar ou ainda com as taxas de sobreviv?ncia obtidas nos cultivos. Pr?ticas de manejo como fertiliza??o da ?gua e calagem do solo, assim como questionamentos sobre a problem?tica ambiental tamb?m n?o apresentaram rela??o com a escolaridade, havendo um manejo homog?neo entre os entrevistados. As micro propriedades produtoras de camar?o, representativas da regi?o do litoral Sul do Rio Grande do Norte, apontam a necessidade de orienta??o e apoio do governo e da devida assist?ncia t?cnica para que possam implementar boas pr?ticas de manejo, de forma a se adequar ? carcinicultura respons?vel recomendada pela ABCC. / The main feature for a production to be considered sustainable is to assume that nature is finite, avoiding thus the unlimited growth. The search of the sustainability in shrimp farming has been a constant preoccupation of environmental agencies. The use of probiotics have been currently appointed as an efficient means of treating of the organic matter in the water column and ponds soil, allowing to minimize the use of water in farming, which is one of the fundamental requirements to make shrimp farming environmentally responsible. Probiotics also act as a natural product for prophylaxis of diseases, promoting better growth of the cultivable aquatic organisms. Thus, the first part of this research had purpose to evaluate the effects of two commercial probiotics, which different compositions, on the zootecnical potential and resistance to stress of larvae and post-larvae of the species Litopenaeus vannamei in commercial scale. The second part investigated management practices adopted by micro producers of shrimp in the southern coast Rio Grande do Norte, also characterize the social and environmental aspects of shrimp farming perceived by these producers. In the first phase, In the first phase, the cultivates of the species Litopenaeus vannamei began in the larval stage (nauplius V), with duration of 18 days, this time submitted for two treatments: P1 - probiotic one; P2 - two probiotic. The experimental units consisted of six tanks of 15,000 L, and each treatment had three repetitions. The probiotics were applied daily as recommended by the manufacturers, and the parameters salinity, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen monitored. The post-larvae submitted to P2 had higher mean values (p <0.05) in length (in PL 1 and PL 5), wet and dry weights (PL 5) and metamorphosis percentage (90%) when compared to the other treatment; the other variables did not differ. The final survivals were 56.4% and 64.9% for postlarvae submitted to P1 and P2, respectively. It was observed that the probiotic 2 more effective in the improvement of the biotic parameters. In the second phase, 27 interviews were conducted through of semistructured questionnaires, with producers of the South coast of Rio Grande do Norte. It was found that 85.2% of the producers are men, with low illiteracy rate (3.7%), earning 2 to 5 minimum wages (44.4%) and 22.2% have shrimp farming as main source of income. It was found that less than 50% received technical assistance in the last year and few are the biosecurity measures adopted by them. With regard to good management practices recommended by the Brazilian Association of Shrimp Farmers (ABCC), only 11.1% of shrimp farmers make to use of probiotics and this variable has no relationship with the monthly family income or with survival rates obtained in cultivation. Management practices such as water fertilizing and soil liming, as well as questions about the environmental problems also not associated with schooling, with a homogeneous management among interviewed. The micro properties producers of shrimp, representative of the region of the South coast of Rio Grande do Norte, point the need of guidance and support of the government and appropriate technical assistance to enable them to implement good management practices, in order to suit the shrimp responsible recommended by the ABCC.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-04T13:54:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - MICHELLE MIDORI SENA FUGIMURA.pdf: 727349 bytes, checksum: 7ba1d796440495f1fa87bc9994825c7b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-04T13:54:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - MICHELLE MIDORI SENA FUGIMURA.pdf: 727349 bytes, checksum: 7ba1d796440495f1fa87bc9994825c7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. / FUGIMURA, Michelle Midori Sena. Effects of temperature and stocking density on the growth and survival of juvenile of Litopenaeus schmitti. 2009. 33p. Dissertation (Master Science in Animal Science). Instituto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2009. The white shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti is considered a promising species concerning aquaculture; however, there is limited information regarding its growth in captivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of temperature and stocking density, as well as the juvenile survival rate of raised L. schmitti in captivity. This study was carried out at the Marine Biology Station of UFRRJ for 42 days. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design, in factorial arrangement 2 x 3, referring to water temperature (24 and 26?C) and stocking densities (220; 440 and 660 shrimp/m?), respectively. After the acclimatization period, weight and individual total length were recorded for every shrimp (n= 240), that were assigned to wire baskets. The average initial weight and total individual length were 0,38?0,09 g e 34,91?2,38 mm, respectively. Wire baskets of 0,17 m diameter were considered the experimental units. They were kept on polyethylene tanks which had 150 L of treated seawater and constant aeration. The tanks were cleaned on a daily basis, as data on abiotic factors were collected, such as: salinity, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. The temperature was maintained by electrical thermostats heaters. All shrimp were fed on a commercial diet containing 40% protein, on equal quantities, three times a day at 8:00, 14:00 and 20:00 h. At the beginning of the experiment the commercial diet was offered at 40% of shrimp biomass, but this rate was adjusted weekly. Shrimps of every repetition were weighted, in group, once a week. At the end of the experiment, individual weight and total length were measured. The specific growth rate, apparent feed conversion, weight gain (g and %), length gain (%), biomass/ha, survival rate, weight and average total final length were calculated and analyzed to evaluate significative difference related to stocking density and temperature using the ANOVA and Tukey test ?posthoc?. There was no significant difference between the two factors analyzed (p > 0,05), except for biomass/ha. The treatments with 26?C of temperature and the 220 shrimp/m? of stocking density showed a positive effect (p < 0,05) on the juvenile L. schmitti growth. / O camar?o branco Litopenaeus schmitti ? considerada uma esp?cie promissora para aq?icultura, por?m existem poucas informa??es sobre o crescimento da esp?cie em cativeiro. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da temperatura e densidade de estocagem no crescimento e sobreviv?ncia de juvenis de L. schmitti em cativeiro. O estudo foi realizado na Esta??o de Biologia Marinha da UFRRJ durante 42 dias. Os tratamentos foram distribu?dos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, referindo a temperatura da ?gua (24 e 26?C) e as densidades de estocagem (220; 440 e 660 indiv?duos/m?), respectivamente. Ap?s o per?odo de aclimata??o, foram registrados o peso e comprimento total individual de todos os indiv?duos (n=240), e realizada a distribui??o em cestas teladas. Os animais apresentaram peso e comprimento total inicial m?dio igual a 0,38?0,09 g e 34,91?2,38 mm, respectivamente. As cestas teladas com di?metro de 0,17 m foram consideradas as unidades experimentais, e mantidas em tanques de polietileno com cerca de 150 L de ?gua tratada e aera??o constante. Diariamente, foi realizada a limpeza dos tanques e registrado os dados abi?ticos: salinidade, temperatura, pH e oxig?nio dissolvido. A manuten??o da temperatura foi feita atrav?s de aquecedores com termostatos el?tricos. Uma ra??o comercial com 40% de prote?na bruta foi fornecida aos animais em quantidades iguais, tr?s vezes ao dia, ?s 8, 14 e 20 hs. A quantidade de ra??o fornecida foi igual a 40% da biomassa no inicio do experimento, sendo reajustada semanalmente. Uma vez por semana os camar?es de cada repeti??o foram pesados em grupo. No final do experimento, o peso e o comprimento total foram tomados individualmente. A taxa de crescimento espec?fico, a convers?o alimentar bruta, o ganho de peso (g), ganho de peso (%), ganho de comprimento (%), a biomassa/ha, sobreviv?ncia, peso e comprimento total final m?dio foram calculados e analisados para avaliar as diferen?as significativas em rela??o ?s densidades de estocagem e temperatura atrav?s da ANOVA e posteriormente pelo teste de Tukey. N?o foi observado efeito significativo de intera??o entre os dois fatores estudados (p > 0,05), exceto para a biomassa/ha. A temperatura de 26?C e a densidade de 220 camar?es/m? isoladamente apresentou um efeito positivo (p < 0,05) sobre o crescimento de juvenis de L. schmitti.