歐美銀行業為因應二十一世紀全球化競爭態勢，紛紛藉由併購方式增強競爭能力。全球金融風暴對新興市場的銀行業者衝擊甚大，世界各國金融業者也趁機在亞洲、拉丁美洲與俄羅斯收購投資標的，藉以低價取得價值被低估的資產，擴大其區域營運規模，以及強化客戶網路關係。 銀行的併購案與其他產業的併購案相比只是少數；即使在銀行業中，曾進行併購活動的銀行也是少數；因此引發我們思考幾個問題：這少數歷經併購的銀行是否存在某些特質呢？主併銀行與被併銀行之間是否存在顯著的差異呢？在進行併購後，銀行的營運表現是否會產生明顯的差異呢？ 本研究主要是從財務的觀點，來探討跨國性銀行併購活動，透過基本統計量（Basic Descriptive Statistics）的比較，分析主併銀行與被併銀行的經營績效與經營效率有何差異。採用迴歸分析（Regression Analysis）討論併購活動發生後，銀行的績效是否顯著地提高。此外，利用敘述性資料（Descriptive Data）的整理，探討合併動機、併購之相關制度影響因素。 經過研究分析有以下幾點結論： 一、併購銀行的特質 研究結果顯示主併銀行的規模遠較被併銀行和未從事併購之銀行為大。在財務績效表現方面，主併銀行的資本適足性、資產品質和管理能力上較被併銀行為佳；但是在獲利性和流動性的表現上，卻較被併銀行差，又被併銀行的表現差異極大。與配對銀行相比，主併銀行的財務績效表現一般，和配對銀行相當。而被併銀行的五個績效衡量構面均較其配對銀行表現好；外國銀行欲進行跨國合併時，當然優先選擇在資本適足性、資產品質、管理能力、獲利性、流動性各方面經營較佳之銀行與之合併。 二、銀行合併前後經營績效之比較 主併銀行的資產報酬率併購前後有顯著差異，而非利息收入未有顯著差異。被併銀行的資產報酬率、非利息收入檢定結果皆不顯著。 歐美銀行趁機收購亞洲價值被低估的資產，提高了銀行的資產報酬率；但是在拓展亞洲的各項金融業務發展上，目前還沒有明顯的效益產生，未來仍需努力。 根據研究結果，本研究提出一些建議，以期在銀行併購相關議題上有所助益，並且可就一些領域進行更深入的研究。 1. 合併前的策略規劃、審查評鑑工作非常重要，若隨便找一家被併銀行，為合併而合併，不僅併購之綜效未能產生，甚而使經營績效變差，則得不償失。 2. 跨國併購涉及雙方繁雜的法令限制，而銀行業又是政府所特別重視，嚴格控制的行業，因此併購活動更形困難。在推動併購案時應藉助專業顧問公司，尋找優良併購標的，處理相關法令事宜，以減少無形的併購成本。 3. 併購活動要在最短時間擴大營運規模、營運範疇、產生合併綜效，合併後之整合工作就非常重要，攸關合併後的經營績效。主事者必須慎思慎行，仔細思考合併之目的、評估合併之成本效益。

Les Kazakhs sont des consommateurs traditionnels de lait d'espèces non-conventionnelles comme la chamelle. Pour autant, les régions d'élevage camelin dans ce pays, bien que basées sur un mode extensif et un accès à des ressources naturelles, n'en sont pas moins fragilisées par les risques de pollution, l'environnement du pays étant affectées par la présence de métaux lourds, pesticides et radionucléides. L'objectif de la thèse a été (a) d'évaluer l'impact de cette pollution sur la qualité du lait de chamelle et du shubat (lait fermenté), et (b) d'évaluer les capacités de détoxification des produits laitiers.Pour aborder la question de l'impact de la pollution, plusieurs niveaux d'analyses ont été mis en œuvre:(i) A l'échelle régionale, des cartes d'indice de pollution ont été établies autour de 13 fermes de zones polluées (Almaty, Sud Kazakhstan, Atyraou et Kyzylorda) afin de comparer le niveau de pollution des différentes matrices (sol, eau, plante) selon la distance aux sources de pollution.(ii) A l'échelle des matrices environnementales (sol, plante, eau), deux métaux lourds majeurs (Pb et Cd) ont été déterminés dans les échantillons de sols (7,76-131,08 ppm et 0,08-0,39 ppm, respectivement), l'eau (Pb entre 5,9-13,6 ppm et Cd 0,05-0,25 ppm), les plantes (0,50-2,30 ppm et >0,05-0,56 ppm, respectivement). Un lien entre indice de pollution et métaux dans les sols a été observé, montrant l'impact de la proximité et de la nature des sources de polluants sur la contamination des sols. On observe également une corrélation étroite entre teneur en Pb et Cd au sein des différentes matrices. Cependant, les teneurs dans le sol sont indépendantes des teneurs dans l'eau ou les plantes. Les teneurs en pesticides dans l'eau sont inférieures à celles des normes internationales. Dans les fourrages, le DDT et ses dérivés ont été plus élevés que dans le sol. Cela signifie que les résidus de pesticides peuvent être également d'origine atmosphérique et donc inhalés par les animaux(iii) Dans le lait et le shubat, la concentration en métaux lourds dans cinq régions (Almaty, Atyraou, Kyzylorda, Taraz et Sud Kazakhstan) a été en moyenne faible en Cu (< 0,05 ppm), normale en Zn (près de 5 ppm) et Cd, mais un peu élevée pour Pb. Nos résultats ont été relativement élevés pour le DDT total dans le lait de toutes les régions sauf Kyzylorda et supérieurs pour le HCH total dans le lait des régions d'Almaty et d'Atyraou.(iv) Les relations entre environnement et lait ont été testées montrant l'absence de lien entre contamination de l'environnement en métaux lourds et celle du lait et shubat. Aucune relation non plus n'a été observée pour les pesticides, à l'exception du lindane et 4,4-DDD.Pour tester l'effet détoxifiant, il a été procédé en deux étapes. D'abord l'isolement et l'identification des souches de bactéries lactiques (BAL) du shubat afin de tester leur capacité à fixer Pb et Cd. Au total, 138 souches ont été isolées à partir de 25 échantillons laitiers. Une étude qualitative pour détecter la capacité des BAL à fixer les métaux lourds a été réalisée. Parmi 118 souches testées, seules 5,1% d'entre elles n'ont poussé ni sur Pb ni sur Cd, 36 % ayant eu la capacité de fixer Pb ou Cd, et 9% les deux. Les 52 souches montrant les meilleurs résultats ont été retenues pour identification par des méthodes moléculaires (rRNA16S). Selon les résultats de séquençage, la plupart de souches étaient de genre Enterococcus et Lactobacillus, secondairement Lactococcus et Leuconostoc.Dans un second temps, un test physiologique (in vivo) a été réalisé sur 80 cobayes divisés en 8 groupes traités par le Pb et des souches de BAL. La quantité de Pb dans les fèces des groupes traités par le lait fermenté ayant contenu ou pas du Pb était relativement élevé par rapport aux groupes témoin et celui recevant de l'eau enrichie de Pb (groupe EauPb). La distribution du Pb dans les organismes de cobayes du groupe EauPb s'est révélée dans l'ordre croissant: rate / The Kazakh people are traditional consumers of milk from non-conventional species like camel. However, the camel-rearing areas in this country, although based on an extensive mode and an access to natural resources, are affected by the risks of pollution, the environment of the country being affected by the presence of heavy metals, pesticides and radionuclides. The objective of the thesis was (a) to evaluate the impact of this pollution on the quality of the camel milk and shubat (fermented milk), and (b) to evaluate the abilitiy of detoxification by the dairy products. To answer to the question of the impact of pollution, several levels of analyses were implemented:(i) At the regional level, maps of pollution index were established around 13 farms from polluted zones (Almaty, Southern Kazakhstan, Atyraou and Kyzylorda) in order to compare the level of pollution of the various matrices (soil, water, plant) according to the distance to the polluting sources.(ii) On environmental matrix level (soil, plant, water), two major heavy metals (Pb and Cd) were determined in the soil (7,76-131,08 ppm and 0,08-0,39 ppm, respectively), water (Pb 5,9-13,6 ppm and Cd 0,05-0,25 ppm), the plants (0,50-2,30 ppm and >0,05-0,56 ppm, respectively) samples. A correlation between pollution index and metals in soils was observed, showing the impact of the proximity and the nature of the polluting sources on the contamination of the soils. A close correlation between Pb and Cd content within the various matrices was also observed. However, the contents in the soil were independent of the contents in water or plants. The contents of pesticides in water were lower than those of the international standards. In fodder, the DDT and its derivatives were higher than in the soil. That means that the pesticides residues can be also of atmospheric origin and thus inhaled by the animals(iii) In milk and shubat, the heavy metal concentration in five areas (Almaty, Atyraou, Kyzylorda, Taraz and Sud Kazakhstan) was on average low in Cu (< 0,05 ppm), normal for Zn (nearly 5 ppm) and Cd, but a little high for Pb. Our results were relatively high for the total DDT in the milk of all the areas except Kyzylorda and superiors for the total HCH in the milk of Almaty and Atyraou areas.(iv) The relations between environment and milk were tested showing the absence of link between environmental contamination of the heavy metals and that of milk and shubat. No relation either was observed for the pesticides, except for lindane and 4,4-DDD.To test the detoxification effect, it was proceeded in two stages: initially the isolation and identification of the strains of lactic bacteria (LAB) of the shubat in order to test their capacity to fix Pb and Cd. On the whole, 138 strains were isolated starting from 25 dairy samples. A qualitative study to detect the capacity of the LAB to fix heavy metals was carried out. Among 118 tested strains, only 5.1% of them pushed neither on Pb nor on Cd, 36% having had the capacity to fix Pb or Cd, and 9% both. The 52 strains showing the best results were retained for identification by molecular methods (rRNA16S). According to results' of sequencing, the majority of strains were of genus Enterococcus and Lactobacillus, secondarily Lactococcus and Leuconostoc. In the second time, a physiological test (in vivo) was carried out on 80 guinea-pigs divided into 8 groups treated by strains of LAB containing or not some Pb. The quantity of Pb in feces of the groups treated by fermented milk having contained or not Pb was relatively high compared to the reference groups and that receiving from the water enriched by Pb (WaterPb group). The distribution of Pb in the organes of guinea-pigs of the WaterPb group appeared in the ascending order: spleen> blood> heart> lungs> liver> kidneys. There was no significant correlation between organs.The results obtained on the identification of the isolated strains, gave the possibilities of studying

The dromedary camel has a very high economic importance in the Arabic countries. Nevertheless, there is a very little background literature on the use of ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) in dromedaries in comparison to other domestic and farm animal species. Therefore, the tarsal region of six cadaver limbs, obtained from three orthopedic disease free dromedary camels, was evaluated via radiography, US and CT. The limbs were frozen and sectioned transversely, sagittaly and dorsally. The anatomic structures were identified and correlated to the analogous structures on the corresponding CT slices and US images and published in two manuscripts. Radiography was performed in both standard (0º and 90º) oblique (45º and 135º) radiographic projections. The tarsus was investigated via US in four planes (dorsal, medial, lateral and plantar) and each plane was scrutinized in four levels (calcaneal tuber, tibial malleoli, base of calcaneus and proximal head of metatarsus) in both transverse and longitudinal views. Radiography provided a good representation of the bony structures and articulations with little information on the soft tissues of the tarsus and superimposition of the tarsal bones. Ultrasonography furnished adequate delineation of the peri-articular tissues of the tarsus and was limited to the bone surface. Computed tomography provided cross sectional imaging of the dromedary tarsus without bone and soft tissue overlap and allowed visualization and differentiation of tissues in almost every situation. This work was undertaken to document the normal appearance of the dromedary camel tarsus via radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography which may be used as a resource for interpretation of dromedary tarsal pathology using various diagnostic imaging modalities.

Caption "Acacia giraffae at de Beers farm Rooipoort on Vaal River, near Kimberley. April 1959.”

Caption "Scene on Rooipoort, de Beers farm on the Vaal River, Kimberley. April 1959.”

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-17T18:33:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FellipeCoelhoLima_TESE.pdf: 2502971 bytes, checksum: 87683b28f98bdaba6737947441ace693 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-17T20:11:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FellipeCoelhoLima_TESE.pdf: 2502971 bytes, checksum: 87683b28f98bdaba6737947441ace693 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-17T20:11:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FellipeCoelhoLima_TESE.pdf: 2502971 bytes, checksum: 87683b28f98bdaba6737947441ace693 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Com a reestrutura??o produtiva, adensou-se a heterogeneiza??o do trabalho e, consequentemente, o crescimento do trabalho informal (assalariado sem registro e por conta pr?pria). A aloca??o de trabalhadores nesse contexto ? mediada pela ideologia, que corresponde ?s ideias que atuam sobre a pr?xis sociais dos indiv?duos para a resolu??o dos conflitos sociais, que, por sua vez, alcan?am as consci?ncias individuais por meio dos significados. O objetivo dessa pesquisa ? analisar as caracter?sticas da ideologia no trabalho informal a partir dos significados atribu?dos ao trabalho por trabalhadores por conta pr?pria. Realizou-se 12 entrevistas semiestruturadas com feirantes do Shopping de Pequenos Neg?cios do Alecrim (?camel?dromo?), em Natal, Brasil, sendo o n?mero de participantes determinado por satura??o te?rica. Analisou-se os significados do trabalho levantados com base no contexto biogr?fico dos participantes, a sua rela??o com o contexto social e a fun??o ideol?gica que desempenham. Identificou-se que os participantes que trabalharam na inf?ncia, motivados pela sobreviv?ncia da fam?lia, possuem mais de quatro experi?ncias profissionais, tendo trabalhado como feirante anteriormente e se inserido em trabalhos formais precarizados. Estabelecem rela??es contradit?rias de competi??o e coopera??o entre os demais feirantes e n?o planejam interromper o seu trabalho em nenhum momento do futuro. Eles significam o trabalho como uma fonte de dinheiro e de ocupa??o do tempo, o trabalho assalariado como lugar de humilha??o e o trabalho por conta pr?pria como forma de realiza??o de suas demandas. Esses significados concordam com as condi??es ?s quais esses sujeitos foram submetidos e com o modo como o trabalho ? concebido no capitalismo (trabalho como fonte de renda e o centro das rela??es sociais). Eles desempenham tr?s fun??es ideol?gicas: fixa??o dos trabalhadores nessa condi??o de trabalho, impedimento de constru??o de uma consci?ncia de classe e cr?tica ao trabalho assalariado. ? necess?rio que os organismos representativos dos trabalhadores atentem para as potencialidades dos trabalhadores por conta pr?pria poderem integrar o campo de lutas mais amplo dessa classe. / After production restructuring, the heterogeneity of labour has increased and, consequently, the rates of informal labour (salaried without formal registration and self-employed). The allocation of workers in that context is mediated by ideology, which corresponds to the ideas that act upon the individuals? social praxis towards conflict resolution, which in turn reach individual consciences through the meanings. This research aims to analyse the characteristics of ideology within informal labour context through the meanings attributed by self-employed workers. Twelve (12) semistructured interviews were performed with market workers from the street small Businesses Shopping Mall from Alecrim (locally known as ?camel?dromo?), a neighbourhood in Natal, Brazil, and the number of participants was determined by theoretical saturation. The meanings of labour have been analysed based on the biographical contexts of the participants, their relationship with social context and the ideological function they perform. It was identified that the participants who worked during childhood, motivated by their families? subsistence, had been through more than four different professional experiences, including a previous experience as informal market workers and precarious formal labour. They establish contradicting relations of competition and cooperation towards other market workers and do not plan to interrupt their current work in the foreseeable future. They attribute meanings to work as a source of income as well as a form of time occupation, the salaried work as a place of humiliation and the self-employment as a way to satisfy their own demands. These meanings all agree with the conditions to which those individuals have been subjected and with how work is conceived within capitalism (labour as a monetary source and the center of social relations). They perform three ideological functions: fixing the workers under the mentioned work conditions, preventing the development of class conscience and the critics to wage labour. It is necessary that the organisms of workers? representation become aware of the potentialities self-employed workers can create by taking part in the broader struggles of the working class.

This thesis analyses economic change among the bedouin of northern Arabia by examining four factors: the trade in camels; intertribal raiding; large-scale attacks by the Akhwan (Ikhwan); and trade and smuggling. Many writers have assumed that the sale or hiring out of camels for transport by camel-herding tribes was their main source of income, and that the spread of modern transportation caused a decline in the demand for camels, resulting in lower prices for the animals and an economic crisis for the bedouin. The well-documented case-studies in this thesis demonstrate that this assumption is flawed. The bedouin economy was more complex than the portrayals in many sources, and the reasons for economic hardship and political decline among the camel-herding tribes are more varied. In the story of how the wheel overcame the camel, it is clear that while transportation technology had some effect, even more important were such factors as drought, the rise of new states, colonial policies, intertribal politics and the varied factors pulling nomadic peoples to become sedentary.

The Diploma thesis deals with the Microsoft Language Server Protocol. The theoretical part describes the architecture and protocol properties, the LSP implementation within the Eclipse and VS Code development environments and a procedure for creating a new plug-in in the Eclipse and VS Code. In addition, the theoretical part familiarizes with Apache Camel project and implementation of Camel Language server and Camel Language clients for extended language support. The last mention in the theory is about the Yeoman tool for scaffolding a new projects. The description of the practical part deals with properties and implementation of the created LSP clients generator for Language Server Protocol.

Understanding the composition of camel milk coupled with studying the effects of thermal and non-thermal treatments on its components and bacterial inactivation were the general objectives of this dissertation. In the first study (Chapter 2), the gross composition of camel milk including milk protein, fat, casein, total solids, lactose, ash, and mineral content were analyzed. In addition, fatty acid profile, amino acid profile, protein fractions, and volatile compounds were evaluated as well. Our results revealed that camel milk has its unique nutrients profile. These findings make it easier for the researchers and consumers to understand some of the nutritional attributes of camel milk.The impact of non-thermal ultrasound treatment (900 W, 20 kHz, 100% power level) on some milk-borne microorganisms and the components of camel milk was studied in Chapter3. We reported that continuous ultrasound processing was efficient in inactivating Escherichia coli (E.coli) O157: H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) in camel milk without detrimental effects on milk fatty acids profile, lipid peroxides, and protein fractions except for some changes in milk volatile compounds (VC). In Chapter 4, another non-thermal technique, ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light, was applied to camel milk to study the effects of different UV-C light doses on the viability of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium and the chemical changes to milk components. The main findings of this study were: (i) UV-C treatment at a dose of 12.45 mJ/cm2 resulted in only 3.9-log10 for both bacterial strains which did not meet the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requirements for the 5-log pathogen reduction; (ii) the UV-C treatment at the above dose, had limited effects on camel milk components. Thermal pasteurization of milk was first introduced to prevent milk-borne infectious diseases, however, its effects on camel milk components and quality are still unknown. Therefore, in Chapter 5, we investigated the efficacy of three previously reported thermal methods: PAST-1 (65ºC/30 min), PAST-2 (72ºC/5 min), and PAST-3 (80ºC/5 min) on bacterial inactivation and some camel milk components such as the fatty acid profile, lipid peroxidation, VC, and milk protein fractions. Complete elimination (6 log10 CFU/ml reduction) of E. coli O157: H7 was achieved using all pasteurization methods, however, only 3.4 log10 CFU/ml reduction of the total viable counts was reported using PAST-1 and PAST-3 methods. We also reported that the PAST-1 and PAST-3 methods did not affect the chemical composition of camel milk. In conclusion, we assessed the main components of camel milk along with the amino fatty acid profile, acid profile, volatile compounds, and protein fractions. Thermal methods were more effective than the non-thermal methods in terms of microbial inactivation and most camel milk components were not significantly influenced by thermal and non-thermal methods.

No / This research work was carried out to compare the physicochemical parameters of milk samples from four different animal species namely cow, goat, camel and sheep. Milk samples were collected from different areas of Misurata, Libya and analyzed for the key physiochemical parameters, pH, titratable acidity, total solids, ash, fat, protein and lactose. Furthermore in this study the concentrations of Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca) Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe) and Lead (Pb) in similar commercial milk specimens from the same area were determined using microwave plasma- atomic emission spectrometry In fresh cow’s milk, the mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn, Ca and K were 0.13± 0.19 (mg/l), 0.004± 0.001 (mg/l), 0.04± 0.01 (mg/l), 0.17± 0.11 (mg/l), 0.72± 0.02 (mg/l), 1.98± 0.04 (mg/l), 214.00± 0.20 (mg/l), 0.080± 0.05 (mg/l), 423.0± 3.5 (mg/l) and 427.0± 2.5 (mg/l), respectively. While the mean concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn, Ca and K, in the goat’s milk were 0.761 ± 0.78 (mg/l), 0.085 ± 0.02 (mg/l), 1.253 ± 0.18 (mg/l), 0.400± 0.08 (mg/l), 1.23± 0.21 (mg/l), 3.110± 0.15 (mg/l), 140.0± 0.31 (mg/l), 0.097± 0.07 (mg/l), 473± 5.12 (mg/l) and 510± 6.05 (mg/l), respectively. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn, Ca and K, in the camel’s milk were 0.025 ± 0.019 (mg/l), 0.091± 0.05 (mg/l), 0.069± 0.07 (mg/l), 0.080 ± 0.05 (mg/l), 1.680 ± 0.43 (mg/l), 5.380 ± 1.17 (mg/l), 120.0 ± 0.11 (mg/l), 0.094 ± 0.04 (mg/l), 520.0 ± 0.32 (mg/l) and 571.0± 0.81 (mg/l), respectively. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn, Ca and K, in the sheep’s milk were 0.062± 0.03, 0.106± 0.11, 0.040± 0.01, 0.201± 0.10, 0.880± 0.31, 5.350± 0.50, 180± 1.20, 0.072± 0.01, 478± 3.10, and 593.96± 1.87, respectively.