ALBUQUERQUE, Kelly Moreira de. Investigação epistemológica sobre as dualidades conceptuais normal/patológico e saúde/doença em Freud: uma perspectiva lewiniana. 2012. 122f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2012. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-25T13:13:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-KMALBUQUERQUE.pdf: 1155745 bytes, checksum: 8316916ef6742d4e73993b755c02eaea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-25T13:50:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-KMALBUQUERQUE.pdf: 1155745 bytes, checksum: 8316916ef6742d4e73993b755c02eaea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-25T13:50:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-KMALBUQUERQUE.pdf: 1155745 bytes, checksum: 8316916ef6742d4e73993b755c02eaea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / We search here about two kinds of conceptual dualities in Freud: health/disease and normality/pathology. By means of Kurt Lewin’s epistemological perspective, we seek to know how these dualities could correspond to Galilean and Aristotelian ways of scientific thought. Having evidenced that Freud had shown an oscillation between the modes of scientific thought, we have sought, through Freud’s own works, some indication which would help as a supplementary Galilean reference. We considerate, then, that Freud’s view on plasticity and adhesiveness of libido present the idea of a continuum between the two phenomena. That is, instead of opposing them in the way of the Aristotelian dichotomies, Freud has dialectically connected them as dualities and series of phenomena which show internal and continuous variation among themselves. This testifies the existence of some phases of transition between normality and pathology and health and disease. Once Freud had only conceived but never formalized his idea in epistemological terms, we have tried to do this. By means of Canguilhem theory life normativity and the differences between normality and health as well as abnormality and pathology, we have found out that: (1) the above mentioned dualities correspond to the Galilean way of thought; this occurs mainly when Freud refers to neurosis; Freud conceived them as a series of phenomena that show internal and continued interconnection. (2) Despite the difference between their fields of reference, the logic found in Freud is somewhat comparable to what Canguilhem attributed to life normativity. / Trata-se de uma investigação sobre as dualidades conceptuais saúde/doença e normal/patológico em Freud. Mediante a perspectiva epistemológica de Kurt Lewin, buscamos saber o quanto estas dualidades expressariam o modo de pensamento galiléico e o que há do modo aristotélico. Ora, uma vez que Freud oscilou entre as duas formas de pensamento, procuramos, no seu próprio texto, algumas indicações que pudessem servir como referência galiléica suplementar. Consideramos que ao falar sobre plasticidade e adesividade libidinais, ele teria estabelecido um continuum entre estas categorias em relação: em vez de opô-las em dicotomias aristotélicas, ele as teria conectado dialeticamente como verdadeiras dualidades ou séries de fenômenos que compreenderiam uma variação contínua entre si. Tal justificaria o reconhecimento de que fases de transição estariam sempre presentes entre a normalidade e a patologia, e saúde e doença, respectivamente. Supondo que Freud tenha apenas raciocinado mediante tal lógica, não chegando a formalizá-la epistemologicamente, tentamos formalizá-la com a ajuda do que Canguilhem expôs sobre a normatividade de vida e as diferenças entre normalidade e saúde e, anormalidade e patologia. Verificamos que (1) as dualidades acima referidas expressam amplamente o modo de pensamento galiléico, mormente quanto às neuroses; ele as concebeu como séries de fenômenos que compreendem uma variação contínua entre si. (2) Apesar da distinção entre seus campos de referência, a lógica que descobrimos haver em Freud é algo comparável com o que Canguilhem atribuiu à normatividade vital.

Farmer suicide is at crisis levels in the United States and India. This crisis is both a problem of experiential knowledge within infrastructure as well as a problem of discourse power. I argue that the logical abstraction required to conceptualize and evaluate farmer suicide cannot be separated from the overall experience of farmer suicide. Rather than existing as distinctly separate phenomena, these elements are co-constitutive. Despite the Centers' for Disease Control identification and designation of farmer suicide as complex, statistically relevant, and elevated, nearly all the policy efforts addressing farmer suicide focus on narrow economic impact and narrow economic relief. While these economic vectors are important, the problem is multifaceted and requires a broadening of policy discourse to include additional factors (e.g. philosophical, existential, psychological, etc.). Using Hannah Arendt's work on politics and the human condition, I connect the conditionality of homo faber (human fabricator/maker), animal laborans (laboring animal), and vita activa (active life) with farmer struggle and suicide. Through the work of Georges Canguilhem and Achille Mbembe, I critique and analyze the predominant discourse and framing of suicide as a disease. Last, but not least, I propose decolonial theory and degrowth theory as viable critical pathways to shift the scale of farming infrastructure towards a more equitable and just future.

Nous proposons, par ce mémoire, une présentation de l’"anormalité" chez le philosophe Michel Foucault, que nous comparerons à la norme "vitale" chez Canguilhem. Nous tenterons par la suite de présenter une analyse critique du Programme québécois de dépistage prénatal de la trisomie 21 et du processus qui lui a donné forme. Finalement, nous exposerons quelques réflexions sur l’application du cadre théorique au cas pratique.

Earth Matters examines the relationships between alternative religion in North America and the natural world through the twin lenses of the history of religions and cultural anthropology. Throughout, nature remains a contested ground, defined simultaneously the limits of cultural activity and by an increasing expansion of claims to knowledge by scientific discourses. Less a historical review than a series of fugues of thought, Earth Matters engages with figures like the French vitalist, Georges Canguilhem, the American environmentalist, John Muir; the founder of Deep Ecology, Arne Næss; the collaborators on Gaia Theory, James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis; the physicist and New Age scientist, Fritjof Capra; and the Wiccan writer and activist, Starhawk. These subjects move in spirals throughout the thesis: Canguilhem opens the question of vitalism, the search for a source of being beyond the explanations of the emerging sciences. As rationalism expands its dominance across the scientific landscape, this animating force moves into the natural world, to that protean space between the city and the wild and in the environmental thinkers who initially moved along those boundaries. As the twentieth century moves towards a close, mechanistic thinking simultaneously reaches heights of success previously unimagined and collapses under the demand for complexity posed by quantum physics, by research in genetic interactions, by the continued elusive relationship of mind to health. This allows the wild to return inside through the internalization of consciousness sparked by the American New Age, but also provides a new model to understand the natural world as complex zone open to a wide variety of strategies, including the multiplicities of understanding offered through contemporary neopaganisms. Earth Matters argues for the necessity of the notion of ecology, both as an environmental concern but also as an organizing principle for human thought and behavior. Ecologies are by their nature complex and multi-variegated things dependent upon the surprising and unpredictable interaction of radically different organisms, and it is through this model that we are best able to understand not only ourselves but also our communities and our efforts to make sense of the external world.