Se estudiaron 136 carcinomas mamarios de perras y sus linfonódulos satélites. Se evaluaron la proliferación celular (mediante la marcación inmunohistoquímica del antígeno nuclear de proliferación celular) y la actividad angiogénica (mediante la inmunomarcación del receptor para el factor de crecimiento de endotelios vasculares 2 -VEGFR-2- y el recuento de microvasos). Se relacionaron ambos procesos y su repercusión en el estado del linfonódulo. Se estableció la asociación entre estas características y el tipo y grado histológicos, y la presencia de émbolos neoplásicos en los vasos tumorales. Para determinar su significación en el pronóstico, estos parámetros se relacionaron con el estado del linfonódulo (merced a la observación de cortes procesados mediante la técnica histopatológica de rutina y a la marcación inmunohistoquìmica de citoqueratinas) y con la supervivencia de un grupo de pacientes. Los tipos histológicos pudieron clasificarse en dos grupos teniendo en cuenta su comportamiento proliferativo, angiogénico e invasivo: uno constituido por carcinomas complejos, simples tubulares y de células escamosas, y el otro por carcinomas simples papilares, sólidos y anaplásicos y carcinosarcomas. A menor diferenciación histológica correspondieron mayores actividades proliferativa, invasiva y angiogénica. Con respecto a esta última, en neoplasias con mayor expresión del VEGFR-2, la densidad de microvasos y la proliferación fueron mayores. La mayor densidad de vasos favorece la invasión vascular. La presencia de émbolos, el grado histológico, el índice de proliferación, la expresión del VEGFR- 2 y la densidad de microvasos permitieron predecir la capacidad metastásica. El tipo histológico no se relacionó con la supervivencia de manera independiente. Los carcinosarcomas y los carcinomas simples anaplásicos presentaron mayor riesgo de metástasis que los carcinomas simples tubulares, complejos y de células escamosas. La probabilidad de supervivencia a 18 meses fue alta y estuvo influenciada por el estado del linfonódulo y la presencia de émbolos neoplásicos. / One hundred and thirty six canine mammary carcinomas and their satellite lymph nodes were studied. Proliferation and angiogenic activities were evaluated by means of immunohistochemical procedures. For the former, proliferating cell nuclear antigen was labelled. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) expression and microvessel density were measured to estimate angiogenesis. Both processes were related and their influence on the status of the lymph nodes was investigated. An association was established between these characteristics and the histological type and grade, and the presence of neoplastic cells within tumor vessels. In order to determine their prognostic significance, these parameters were related to the lymph node status (defined after histopathological and immunohistochemical studies with anticytokeratin antibodies) and survival of a group of patients. According to their proliferative, angiogenic, and invasive behavior, histological types could be classified into two groups: one comprising complex, simple tubular, and squamous cell carcinomas, and the other comprising simple papillary, solid, and anaplastic carcinomas, and carcinosarcomas. A lower histological differentiation corresponded to higher proliferative, invasive, and angiogenic activities. Tumors with higher expression of VEGFR-2 exhibited more density of microvessels and higher proliferation rates. Vascular density favored vascular invasion. Metastatic potential could be predicted according to the presence of emboli, histological grade, proliferation index, expression of VEGFR-2, and density of microvessels. Independent correlation between histological type and survival was not found. Carcinosarcomas and simple anaplastic carcinomas presented a higher risk of metastasis than simple tubular, complex, or squamous cell carcinomas.Probability of survival at 18 months was high and was influenced by the status of the lymph node and the presence of neoplastic emboli.

Orientador: Maria Cecília Rui Luvizotto / Coorientador: Heitor Flávio Ferrari / Banca: Daniela Bernadete Rozza / Banca: Livia Castanhas Breganó / Resumo: O tumor mamário canino (TMC) é a neoplasia que mais comumente acomete cadelas idosas não castradas. Na análise histopatológica, 41 a 53% dos TMCs são classificados como malignos. Os receptores de estrógeno α (REα) são receptores nucleares importantes na transcrição de fatores e transdução de sinais hormonais, considerados um dos fatores prognósticos para o tumor mamário humano, participam de forma ativa na carcinogênese mamária. Durante o desenvolvimento do TMC, macrófagos teciduais compõe o microambiente tumoral, com a função de estimular a angiogênese, aumentando a possibilidade de metástases, sendo fundamental para o prognóstico de neoplasia mamária na cadelae na mulher. O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisara expressão e a provável correlação de REα com a distribuição de macrófagos tumorais (TAMs) em TMCs por meio de imunohistoquímica. Foram analisados 40 tumores mamários malignos, classificados histologicamente em quatro grupos distintos e um grupo controle composto por 08 glândulas mamárias caninas sem alteração anatomopatológica e seus respectivos linfonodos regionais. Os resultados mostraram que a imunomarcação positiva ao REα variou de um a três casos dentre os grupos histológicos estudados, havendo nestes, menor número de metástase para linfonodo. A positividade para os TAMs mostrou associação com o tipo histológico, variando de moderada a acentuada nos carcinomas mamários de alto grau histológico que apresentaram necrose, invasão linfática e formação tubular. Não ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The canine mammary tumor (CMT) is the neoplasia that most commonly affects uncastrated elderly female dogs. On histopathological analysis, 41 to 53% of CMTs are classified as malignant. Estrogen receptors α (REα) are important nuclear receptors for transcription factors and signal transduction of hormones, considered prognosis factor for breast cancer in human, and recognized as actively involved in breast carcinogenesis. During the development of mammary cancer in canine species, macrophages composes the tumor microenvironment, stimulating angiogenesis, facilitating the local dissemination of neoplastic cells and increasing the possibility of metastasis, being fundamental for mammary neoplasia prognosis in dogs and women. This study aimed to evaluate the expression and the probable correlation of REα with the distribution of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) in CMTs by immunohistochemistry. Forty CMTs were analyzed histologically in four distinct groups and a control group composed of eight canine mammary glands without alteration anatomopathological and their respective regional lymph nodes. The results showed that the REα positive immunostaining varied from one to three cases among the histological groups studied, and there was less lymph node metastasis. The positivity for TAMs showed a positive correlation with the histological type, ranging from moderate to severe in mammary carcinomas of high histological grade that presented necrosis, lymphatic invasion and tubular ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre