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To date, most of the research on group cohesion has focused on team sports, with little known about how this body of knowledge relates to individual sports. The case of the male French whitewater slalom canoe and kayak team was chosen because of the success of the team at World Championships and Olympic Games. The purpose of the present case study was to investigate how the coaches and athletes of this highly successful team worked together in training and competition within a highly competitive environment. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with six athletes and four coaches. Three themes, each containing numerous sub-themes, emerged from the analysis: (a) the nature of collaboration within the team environment, (b) coach leadership, and (c) the fragility of collaboration. The results of the present study have advanced our understanding of what collaboration within an individual sport team may look like. For a period of time, the leadership skills of the coaches, as well as their technical coaching expertise, and the willingness of the talented and driven athletes to work together, contributed significantly to a collaborative environment for this team. Then a change in the Olympic entry rules, the departure of an influential coach, and the inevitable change in the ages and experiences of the athletes themselves all combined to erode the foundation of that productive and collaborative environment.

To date, most of the research on group cohesion has focused on team sports, with little known about how this body of knowledge relates to individual sports. The case of the male French whitewater slalom canoe and kayak team was chosen because of the success of the team at World Championships and Olympic Games. The purpose of the present case study was to investigate how the coaches and athletes of this highly successful team worked together in training and competition within a highly competitive environment. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with six athletes and four coaches. Three themes, each containing numerous sub-themes, emerged from the analysis: (a) the nature of collaboration within the team environment, (b) coach leadership, and (c) the fragility of collaboration. The results of the present study have advanced our understanding of what collaboration within an individual sport team may look like. For a period of time, the leadership skills of the coaches, as well as their technical coaching expertise, and the willingness of the talented and driven athletes to work together, contributed significantly to a collaborative environment for this team. Then a change in the Olympic entry rules, the departure of an influential coach, and the inevitable change in the ages and experiences of the athletes themselves all combined to erode the foundation of that productive and collaborative environment.

Title: Determining the relationship of spiroergometric testing on the canoe ergometer and in canoe sprint by elite competitors. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the results of aerobic exercise diagnostics in canoeing and on the canoe ergometer by Czech national team members in canoe sprint. Methods: Within our study we tried to find out and compare the physiological response of two functional load exercise diagnostics in canoeing and on the canoe ergometer. To obtain the functional values of physiological indicators in both tests we used mobile spiroergometric equipment Cortex Metamax 3B and sport tester Polar RS 800. Results: Testing canoeists paddling on flat water reached the following average functional values: maximal heart rate (HR) 181 min-1 (±3,9), maximal values of blood lactate (LA) 8,04 ml.l-1 (±1,6), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) 51,6 ml.kg.min-1 (±6,7), maximal ventilation (VEmax) 140,2 l.min-1 (±26,5), respiratory rate (RR) 51 min-1 (±3,7), metabolic load (Rmax) 1,14 (±0,07) and anaerobic threshold (ANT) 166 (±7,2). When paddling the canoe ergometer, they reached the average maximum values: maximal heart rate (HR) 181 min-1 (±5,2), maximal values of blood lactate (LA) 9,1 mmol.l-1 (±2,9), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) 56,4...

My thesis research provides an alternative argument for the protection of the wilderness that extends far beyond that of the purely biological and instead looks at wilderness for the intrinsic value, focusing on the social and cultural aspects. Through an ethnographic approach, I uncovered the how, why, and in what context people connect with wilderness and how people lean on these experiences. Through analysis of the interviews and data that was collected, I was able to identify tangible and intangible values associated with wilderness exploration and understand how these social and cultural aspects manifest themselves in people's day-to-day lives.

Ring-width chronologies from Pinus resinosa Ait., Pinus strobus L., and Thuja occidentalis L. were developed in two areas of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness to assess their growth climate response and their potential for developing reconstructions of climate. New red pine chronologies were combined with existing chronologies to extend the ring-width record both into the past and into the present. Ring-width response to climate, assessed using correlation analysis and response functions, was broadly similar among all three species with relatively significant positive relationships with June–July precipitation and significant negative (but less consistent) associations with June–July temperatures (p < 0.05). White-cedar appeared to have a broader phenological window of response with a stronger spring influence when compared to other species included in this study. Comparisons with other nearby proxies showed relatively strong coherence overall but with some important regional differences. Overall, these species may be useful for placing current climatic patterns in the Boundary Waters within a longer term perspective but care should be taken with respect to identifying appropriate climatic records for calibration.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Montana, 2008. / Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed May 7, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-180).

Tittle: Comparative analysis of addirect forward stroke perfomed on single canoe in flatwater canoeing and in paddle pool. Goals: The goals of study is to describe and compaq the movement pattern of a forvard paddle stroke on a canoe in flatwater and in the paddling pool. Methods: The work has mixed empirical-theoretical character, The study is a descriptive individual study. Muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography with synchronized video recording (kinematic analysis). Results: We found differences in muscles involved in the direct paddle stroke forward on canoe and paddle pool. The main differences are, that on the water the boat goes to the paddle and in the paddle pool, we push the water around us.In the first case the athlete push the boat towards to the paddle. However in the paddle pool the athlete just pulls paddle through the water. Another important difference is, that in the paddle pool we do not develop the "water feeling" and in the paddle pool does not have to keep balance. Canoeist is on solid grand all the time. For the winter season, we can recommend a paddle pool as a specific strengthening, but the paddling or ride on water on water does not replace it. Key words: Flatwater canoeing, paddle pool, elektromyography, forward stroke, canoe

Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006 / This research examines the ways in which local residents living in close proximity to the event perceived the Berg River Canoe Marathon as a major event in the Western Cape. By identif'ying these different patterns ofperceptions within the community, it is possible to gain a better understanding of both the tangible and intangible impacts of events and how they differently affect the quality of life of local residents as individuals and the community as a whole. The research method was based on a convenient sampling approach. A questionnaire survey of two hundred residents was conducted and five different dimensions of perceiving the impacts of events were examined ranging from extremely negative to very positive. The impacts analysed included social, economic and environmental impacts. The residents in all the five locations perceived community pride and entertainment to be very positive and were in favour ofthe continuation of the event. 1n profiling the residents who held each of the representations identified, it was found that the most negative group was those residents who had little or no involvement in tourism and are not interested in canoeing as a sport. Thus, it is necessary for event organisers and event managers to get the members of community involved in the planning and management of the event to spread the benefits to a larger portion of the community.

Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, 2006 / The concept of service quality within sport tourism is important and plays a major role in differentiating each sport tourism product from its competitors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of service quality within South African sport tourism and in the tourism industry in general, by focusing on a specific case study, the Berg River Canoe Marathon. The study discussed the importance of service quality within sport tourism, while the methods and instruments applicable to assess the level of service quality within sport tourism, were also addressed. The survey was conducted across selected viewpoints, which included the starting and the finishing points of the marathon. A total of 100 survey questionnaires were distributed to spectators and participants at the event using purposive sampling, while stratified random sampling was used to determine the viewpoints. The SERVQUAL dimensions were incorporated in the questionnaires as the basis to determine the level of service delivery at the event. The key fmdings for the study include a lack of service delivery consistency across the selected areas, the acceptance of service delivery by some respondents owing to the nature of the event and less interaction between event organisers and spectators. In addition, the starting and the finishing points were the areas, which were found to deliver high quality services