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Orientador: Eric Mitchell Sabinson / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T10:04:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fauza_MichelJalil_M.pdf: 1004106 bytes, checksum: a8b2913e4ec383b24cc704f1c55a01e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem a intenção de propor um estudo sobre a peça teatral R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), escrita pelo autor checo Karel Capek em 1920 e especialmente importante por introduzir, na literatura moderna, a figura do robô do modo que hoje a concebemos. A princípio, apresentamos de maneira breve alguns dos autômatos retratados pela literatura fantástica do século XIX, de forma a distinguir a nova abordagem de Capek sobre o tema. Posteriormente, destacamos passagens da peça, ato a ato, relacionando-as a teóricos da filosofia e da crítica literária, de modo a sugerir novas possibilidades de leitura que se distanciem das interpretações comuns surgidas desde a época de sua publicação e primeiras representações. Para o êxito de tal tarefa, devemos repensar o significado do robô dentro do contexto ficcional de R.U.R. e as implicações geradas pelo seu surgimento. / Abstract: This work examines the theatrical play R.U.R. (Universal Rossum's Robots), written by the Czech author Karel Capek in 1920, and its particular importance for introducing, in modern literature, the figure of the robot as we conceive of it today. Initially, we briefly present some of automatons realized in fantastic literature of the XIX century, distinguishing Capek's new approach. Later, we point out parts of the play, act by act, suggesting relationships to particular philosophers and commenting the criticism on the play, in order to suggest new possibilities of reading different from the common interpretations since its publication and first production. For the success of such task, we need to rethink the meaning of the robot, inside the fictional context of R.U.R., and the implications generated by its appearance. / Mestrado / Historia e Historiografia Literaria / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

This dissertation examines the renovation of the modernist stage, from the beginning of the twentieth century to the late 1930s, via a retrieval of three artistic forms that had marginal importance in the commercial theatre of the nineteenth century. These three paths are the tradition of the commedia dell’arte, puppetry and marionettes, and, finally, what I denominate mysterium, following Elinor Fuch’s terminology in The Death of Character. This dissertation covers the temporal span of the first three decades of the twentieth century and, at the same time, analyzes modernist theatre in connection with the history of Western drama since the consolidation of the bourgeois institution of theatre around the late eighteenth century. The Theatrical Pendulum: Paths of Innovation in the Modernist Stage studies the renovation of the bourgeois institution of theatre by means of the rediscovery of artistic forms previously relegated to a peripheral status in the capitalist system of artistic production and distribution. In their dramatic works, Nikolai Evreinov, Josef and Karel Čapek, Massimo Bontempelli, and Federico García Lorca present fictional actors, playwrights and directors who resist the fact that their work be evaluated as just another commodity. These dramatists collaborate with the commercial stage of their time, instead of adopting the radical stance that characterized avant-garde movements such as Italian futurism and Dadaism. Yet they also question the illusionist fourth wall separating stage and audience in order to denounce the subjection of the modernist artist to the expectations of bourgeois spectators. Jan Mukařovský’s concept of practical function in art is central to understanding the didactic nature of the dramatic texts studied in this dissertation. By claiming the importance of Mukařovský’s phenomenological structuralism, I propose a new reading of the theoretical legacy of the Prague School in conjunction with recent contributions in the field of theatre studies by Elinor Fuchs, Martin Puchner and other scholars whose work will be discussed here.

This dissertation examines the renovation of the modernist stage, from the beginning of the twentieth century to the late 1930s, via a retrieval of three artistic forms that had marginal importance in the commercial theatre of the nineteenth century. These three paths are the tradition of the commedia dell’arte, puppetry and marionettes, and, finally, what I denominate mysterium, following Elinor Fuch’s terminology in The Death of Character. This dissertation covers the temporal span of the first three decades of the twentieth century and, at the same time, analyzes modernist theatre in connection with the history of Western drama since the consolidation of the bourgeois institution of theatre around the late eighteenth century. The Theatrical Pendulum: Paths of Innovation in the Modernist Stage studies the renovation of the bourgeois institution of theatre by means of the rediscovery of artistic forms previously relegated to a peripheral status in the capitalist system of artistic production and distribution. In their dramatic works, Nikolai Evreinov, Josef and Karel Čapek, Massimo Bontempelli, and Federico García Lorca present fictional actors, playwrights and directors who resist the fact that their work be evaluated as just another commodity. These dramatists collaborate with the commercial stage of their time, instead of adopting the radical stance that characterized avant-garde movements such as Italian futurism and Dadaism. Yet they also question the illusionist fourth wall separating stage and audience in order to denounce the subjection of the modernist artist to the expectations of bourgeois spectators. Jan Mukařovský’s concept of practical function in art is central to understanding the didactic nature of the dramatic texts studied in this dissertation. By claiming the importance of Mukařovský’s phenomenological structuralism, I propose a new reading of the theoretical legacy of the Prague School in conjunction with recent contributions in the field of theatre studies by Elinor Fuchs, Martin Puchner and other scholars whose work will be discussed here.