Some evidence suggests that single parents may experience lower social capital than partnered parents. However, few studies have examined whether social capital is useful in explaining the frequently reported mental health differential between single and coupled parents. The research questions for the current study were: 1) can disparities in mental health between single and partnered parents be explained by differences between these groups in social capital, above and beyond that explained by economic factors?; and 2) Are there particular dimensions of social capital which are more or less strongly associated with family structure disparities in mental health? The data source was Statistics Canada’s 2010 General Social Survey (Cycle 22). Analysis was restricted to 18-59 year old single (n=648) and partnered (n=4952) parents. Principal components analysis was conducted to develop a measure of social capital. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between family structure and perceived mental health, prior to and after adjusting for socioeconomic and social capital measures. All analyses were conducted separately for mothers and fathers. Single mothers scored lower than partnered mothers on some, but not all measures of social capital. Poor mental health was more common among single than partnered mothers (OR=3.03, 95% CI 2.23-4.12). After adjustment for all explanatory factors, including social capital, the odds ratio for family structure and mental health decreased but remained statistically significant (OR=2.13, 95% CI 1.48-3.3.06). Although single fatherhood was associated with a 1.81 greater odds of fair/poor self-rated mental health compared to partnered fathers, the difference did not meet the traditional criterion for statistical significance (95% CI 0.97-3.37; p=.06). Single fathers did not score differently than partnered fathers on most of the social capital dimensions. Although social capital, particularly the dimension of trust, may play a role in understanding single mothers’ poorer self-rated mental health relative to partnered mothers, the results of this study are too preliminary to inform policy directed at improving their mental well-being. Longitudinal research which includes a larger sample of single fathers is needed to clarify the nature of the relationship between family structure, social capital, and mental health

Submitted by Marcelo de Andrade Pinheiro (m-pinheiro@outlook.com) on 2018-06-23T20:53:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-MAP-versão-final-maio-2018.pdf: 1624122 bytes, checksum: 58571623f2d60deba1a21c18cf6dc014 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Nunes Ferreira (debora.nunes@fgv.br) on 2018-06-25T12:57:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-MAP-versão-final-maio-2018.pdf: 1624122 bytes, checksum: 58571623f2d60deba1a21c18cf6dc014 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-06-25T16:20:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-MAP-versão-final-maio-2018.pdf: 1624122 bytes, checksum: 58571623f2d60deba1a21c18cf6dc014 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-25T16:20:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-MAP-versão-final-maio-2018.pdf: 1624122 bytes, checksum: 58571623f2d60deba1a21c18cf6dc014 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-14 / Conforme relatórios sobre o panorama dos transtornos mentais nos ambientes de trabalho, produzidos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), agência das Nações Unidas especializada em saúde pública mundial, há evidências crescentes do impacto dos transtornos mentais nas Organizações (WHO, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2013). A partir de 2000, duas ideias centrais acerca da saúde mental passaram a ser divulgadas em tais relatórios: 'que a saúde mental gera capital mental, e que não há saúde sem saúde mental' (WHO, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2013). A perspectiva econômica atrelada à saúde mental, expressa como capital mental, implica a proposição de que uma boa saúde mental permitiria um bom estado cognitivo e emocional, essenciais para as habilidades sociais e para a resiliência frente às situações de estresse, além de ser imprescindível para o funcionamento saudável (PRINCE, 2007). Segundo Lok Sang-Ho, economista que cunhou o termo, 'capital mental engloba a capacidade de reflexão e do grau de eficiência com o qual o indivíduo resolve os problemas e as restrições da vida cotidiana' (SANG-HO, 2001, p.24). Em uma abordagem pragmática associada à psicologia, o capital mental foi associado com habilidades psicológicas como a esperança, a auto eficácia, o otimismo e a resiliência (LUTHANS et al., 2004), fatores subjetivos que podem ser verificados por meio dos comportamentos dos indivíduos e passíveis de serem desenvolvidos. Dessa forma, a eficácia e a produtividade de um indivíduo no ambiente de trabalho passam a depender de seu capital mental, associado à sua condição subjetiva. Porém, as próprias organizações estão sujeitas a transformações frequentes, sendo a mais recente delas denominada Racionalismo de Mercado, ancorado na afirmação de que para sobreviver nos mercados globais, as empresas devem se ajustar às novas demandas crescentes de clientes que esperam gratificação instantânea, de baixo custo e personalizada (DAVIDOW; MALONE 1992). As consequências para os indivíduos são a instabilidade no emprego, pressão excessiva e permanente por resultados crescentes, associadas a efeitos negativos na saúde mental (DEKKER; SCHAUFELI, 1995), evocando o termo burnout para captar as realidades desgastantes das experiências dos indivíduos no local de trabalho. Assim, leva-se à ideia que para uma conduta se transformar em capital, deve ser transformada em benefícios econômicos e sociais. Para compreender como esta racionalidade que valoriza a eficácia, produtividade e rentabilidade influenciou na própria conceptualização do que considera atualmente saúde mental, esta tese procurou identificar e discutir, a partir de uma análise crítica de discurso do relatório da OMS (WHO, 2000) e de relatórios subsequentes produzidos pela mesma instituição (WHO, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2013) um dos conceitos fundamentais no discurso atual da saúde mental promulgado por meio dos relatórios da OMS – o 'capital mental', via Análise Crítica do Discurso (em inglês, Critical Discourse Analysis) de Fairclough, criada no ambiente da linguística aplicada e análise de discurso como uma forma de sistematicamente abordar os relacionamentos entre a linguagem e a estrutura social (FAIRCLOUGH, 2011). A posição ontológica sobre a qual se fundamenta a OMS em suas conceitualizações teóricas e proposições práticas, marcam a noção de respeito pelos seres humanos, definida por meio do princípio de se tratar os indivíduos como um fim em si mesmos, buscando condições de bem-estar mental nos ambientes organizacionais. Contudo, essa proposição imperativa conflita com os princípios de gestão sobre os quais se baseiam as diretrizes organizacionais. A ideologia do Racionalismo de Mercado considera os empregados como um fator de produção passível de ser medido com base em desempenhos atrelados a resultados financeiros, desconsiderando as necessidades subjetivas da força de trabalho. Há, portanto, um antagonismo entre as ideologias organizacionais fundadas no crescimento contínuo e da busca incessante pela maximização dos resultados financeiros e os valores éticos defendidos pela OMS. A gestão da subjetividade via conceito de capital mental adentra em um mundo à imagem dos mercados financeiros, a partir de uma dinâmica cuja finalidade é a maximização permanente dos recursos visando o êxito econômico. / According to reports on the status of mental disorders in the workplace, produced by the World Health Organization (WHO), a specialized United Nations agency concerned with global public health, there is increasing evidence of the global impact of mental disorders at the organizations (WHO, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2013). Since 2000, two key ideas about mental health have been disclosed in such reports: 'mental health generates mental capital, and there is no health without mental health' (WHO, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2013). The economic perspective linked to mental health, expressed as mental capital, implies the proposition that good mental health would allow a good cognitive and emotional state, essential for social skills and for resilience to stressful situations, besides being required for a healthy functioning (Prince, 2007). According to Lok Sang-Ho, economist who created the term, 'mental capital encompasses the capacity for reflection and the degree of efficiency with which the individual solves the problems and constraints of daily life' (SANG-HO, 2001, p. 24). In a pragmatic approach to psychology, mental capital was associated with psychological abilities such as hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and resilience (LUTHANS et al., 2004), subjective factors that can be verified from the behaviors of individuals and likely to be developed. In this way, the effectiveness and productivity of an individual in the work environment depends on their mental capital, associated with their subjective condition. However, organizations themselves are subject to frequent transformations, the most recent of which is called Market Rationalism, anchored in the claim that to survive in global markets, companies must adjust to the everincreasing demands of customers expecting instant, downward and personalized gratification (DAVIDOW; MALONE, 1992). The consequences for individuals are job instability, excessive and permanent pressure for increasing results, associated with negative effects on mental health (DEKKER; SCHAUFELI, 1995). The evocative power of the term burnout to capture the exhausting realities of individuals' experiences in the workplace has emerged from the various research as a psychological syndrome in the response to chronic interpersonal stressors at work. From this notion, in order a conduct to turn into capital, it must be transformed into economic and social benefits. To understand how this rationality that values efficacy, productivity and profitability, influenced the conceptualization of what mental health is currently considered, and what are its theoretical components and their implications in the world of work, this thesis sought to identify and discuss, a critical analysis of WHO reports (WHO, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2013) one of the fundamental concepts in the current discourse of mental health promulgated through such reports - 'mental capital', via the Critical Discourse Analysis (Critical Discourse Analysis) from Fairclough, created in the context of applied linguistics and discourse analysis as a way to systematically address the relationships between language and social structure (FAIRCLOUGH, 2011). The ontological position on which the WHO is founded in its theoretical conceptualizations and practical propositions marks the notion of respect for human beings, defined from the principle of treating individuals as an end in themselves, seeking conditions of mental well-being in organizational settings. However, this imperative proposition conflicts with the management principles upon which organizational guidelines are based. The ideology of Market Rationalism views employees as a production factor that can be measured based on performance tied to financial results, disregarding the subjective needs of the workforce. There is, therefore, an antagonism between organizational ideologies based on continuous growth and the endless search for maximization of financial results and ethics values advocated by the WHO. The management of subjectivity via the concept of mental capital enters a world in the image of the financial markets, whose purpose is the permanent maximization of resources for economic success.

The diploma thesis focuses on the possibilities of predicting employees' psychological capital in times of Covid-19. The theoretical part describes psychological capital (its structure, importance in the context of work environment and methods of its measurement and development). It also deals with mental health in the workplace and with selected factors of mental health (team social support, engagement, stress, qualitative and quantitative job insecurity). The empirical part of the thesis aims to verify whether selected factors of mental health can be evaluated as significant predictors of psychological capital. The research sample includes 127 employees of the business organization. The following methods were used to measure the analyzed variables: Psychological Capital Questionnaire - 12 (PCQ-12), The Team Performance Inventory (TPI - only the items "Trust, safety and support" of subscale "Participation"), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), Perceived Stress Scale - 10 (PSS- 10), Qualitative Job Insecurity Scale (QUAL-JIS) and Job Insecurity Scale (JIS). The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that in our study subjectively perceived level of stress (ß = -.4078, 95% CI = [-.6006, -.215], p < .001) is the strongest predictor of psychological capital. The analysis further shows...