Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-08-14T14:27:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlannaOC_DISSERT.pdf: 1206940 bytes, checksum: 16d4953440e825979cbfcb54a963a7cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-14T14:27:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlannaOC_DISSERT.pdf: 1206940 bytes, checksum: 16d4953440e825979cbfcb54a963a7cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The knowledge of the factors related to the dynamics of herbicides in the environment it’s fundamental importance to predict the behavior of herbicides in soils with different attributes and to the selection of suitable dosages, and to avoid detrimental effects on the environment and on subsequent crops. The use of plants can aid in the remediation of the contaminated soil, and the herbicide tolerance is an essential factor for the species used. The objective of this work was to evaluate the sorption and desorption for a better understanding of soil ametryn behavior and to select plant species for remediation programs in areas contaminated with the herbicide. In the determination of sorption and desorption, the “Batch Equilibrium” method was used to determine the equilibrium time of ametryn in eleven soils with different attributes. In the sorption test the ametryn solutions (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 32 mg L-1) prepared in CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1 were added 10mL to samples of 200g of soil, shaken for 4 hours. The Desorption was evaluated using tubes containing a concentration of 16 mg L-1 before the sorption test, to which were added 10 mL of the solution of CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1 without herbicide. All the supernatants were filtered and the concentration of the herbicide analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The selection of ametryn tolerant species was performed by means of two experiments. In the first one the tolerance of the twenty seven species was evaluated to half of the recommended dose of the herbicide (1.000 g ia ha-1). In the second experiment, the selected ones were submitted to three different doses of the herbicide (0, 1000 e 2000 g i.a ha-1). The results showed that the sorption was higher in soils with high organic matter content and higher ion exchange capacity.The ametryn caused the death of Leucaena leucocephala, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochoroleuca, Fagopyrum tataricum, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, Arachis pintoi, Crotalaria spectabilis, Pennisetum glaucum, Glycine max, Calopogonium mucunoides, Mucuna pruriens, Vigna unguiculata, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sesamum indicum e Gossypium hirsutum. Canavalia ensioformis was tolerant until to dose 1000 g i.a ha-1 of ametryn. Cajanus cajan and Brachiaria decumbens until to dose 2000 g i.a ha-1 and present potential for inclusion in the remediation program of this herbicide / O conhecimento dos fatores relacionados à dinâmica de herbicidas no ambiente é de fundamental importância para prever o comportamento destes em solos com diferentes atributos e para selecionar de dosagens adequadas, bem como evitar efeitos prejudiciais ao ambiente e às culturas subsequentes. O uso de plantas pode auxiliar no processo de remediação dos solos contaminados, sendo que a tolerância ao herbicida é fator essencial para a espécie utilizada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sorção e dessorção para o melhor entendimento do comportamento do ametryn no solo e selecionar espécies vegetais para programas de remediação de áreas contaminadas com o herbicida. Na determinação da sorção e dessorção foi utilizado o método “Batch Equilibrium” para determinar o tempo de equilíbrio do ametryn em sete solos com diferentes atributos. No ensaio de sorção foram adicionadas 10 mL das soluções de ametryn (0; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16; 24 e 32 mg L-1) preparadas em CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1 a amostras de 2,00g de solo, submetidas a agitação por 4 horas. A dessorção foi avaliada utilizando os tubos que continham a concentração de 16 mg L-1 antes do ensaio de sorção, a estes tubos foram adicionadas 10 mL da solução CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1 isenta de herbicida. Todos os sobrenadantes foram filtrados e a concentração do herbicida analisada por cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência. A seleção de espécies tolerantes ao ametryn foi realizada por meio de dois experimentos. No primeiro avaliou-se a tolerância das vinte e sete espécies a metade da dose recomendada do herbicida (1.000 g ia ha-1). No segundo experimento, as selecionadas foram submetidas a três doses diferentes (0, 1000 e 2000 g i.a ha-1) do herbicida. Os resultados demonstraram que a sorção foi maior em solos com alto teor matéria orgânica e maior capacidade de troca iônica, enquanto que a dessorção foi inversamente proporcional à sorção. O ametryn causou a morte de Leucaena leucocephala, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochoroleuca, Fagopyrum tataricum, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, Arachis pintoi, Crotalaria spectabilis, Pennisetum glaucum, Glycine max, Calopogonium mucunoides, Mucuna pruriens, Vigna unguiculata, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sesamum indicum e Gossypium hirsutum. Canavalia ensioformis foi tolerante até a dose 1000 g i.a ha-1 do ametryn e Cajanus cajan e Brachiaria decumbens até a dose 2000 g i.a ha-1 e apresentam potencial para inclusão em programa de remediação deste herbicida / 2017-08-14

Field and greenhouse bioassay experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of mesotrione soil residues on injury and yield of soybean, green bean, pea, cucumber, sugar beet and lettuce. There was a significant difference of mesotrione carryover between studies which can be explained by differences in soil pH and moisture. The conventional and the simulated field residue carryover studies successfully measured mesotrione persistence and rotational crop sensitivity. The simulated residue carryover study provided a more rigorous test of rotational crop sensitivity to mesotrione residues than the conventional residue carryover study, especially at higher doses for the more sensitive crops. The greenhouse bioassay was a simple and sensitive tool in detecting small amounts of herbicides present in the soil. Dose-response curves developed for sugar beet and green bean indicate similarities between results from the greenhouse and from the field mesotrione residue carryover study. Under similar environmental and soil conditions to those observed in these studies and using similar dose applications, sugar beet, green bean and cucumber injury and yield reductions are likely when these crops are grown in soils containing mesotrione residues.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-07-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:59:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 veraldojunior_lg_me_guara.pdf: 525838 bytes, checksum: e3cef3176a9730dc5385740019e1e851 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / No mundo atual, com a globalização e abertura de mercados consumidores e fornecedores ocorre uma crescente concorrência de empresas no objetivo de aumentarem suas participações em vendas. Dessa forma, existe a necessidade de minimizar os custos operacionais, proporcionando maior faturamento, possibilitando maiores lucros. Assim, é de grande importância, ter uma gestão de estoques eficiente em toda a Cadeia de Suprimentos incluindo a parcela excedente. As causas desta parcela consistem na falta de um planejamento acurado na determinação das estimativas de compra, no aproveitamento do mercado fornecedor, na evolução dos produtos acabados e na interrupção ou finalização de um produto. O objetivo deste trabalho é, utilizando uma modelagem de tomada de decisão através de múltiplos critérios, apresentar a solução no destino de materiais determinados como estoque excedente, através de alternativas determinadas em conjunto com as diversas áreas da empresa. Estes critérios são características do material estocado definidos como volume ocupado, tempo de permanência em estoque e custo do material. Já as alternativas para a gestão da parcela excedente do estoque são devolver ao fornecedor, retrabalhar o material, disponibilizar para a área de suporte ao cliente ou sucatar o material. A aplicação do Analytic Hierarchy Process auxilia a melhor decisão de redução do excesso de estoque de um determinado item, diminuindo os investimentos necessários para manutenção dos estoques produtivos da empresa. / In the current world, with globalization and the opening of consumers and suppliers markets there is a growing competition from companies in order to increase their market share. This way, there is necessary to minimize the operational costs, providing bigger earnings, and making possible higher profits. Thus, it is of big importance, to have an efficient inventory management along the Supply Chain, including the exceeding amount. The causes of this amount are the inaccurate estimates of purchase, the exploitation of the supplier market, the evolution of finished products, and the interruption for the supplying of a product. The objective of this work is, using a modeling of decision-making with multiple criteria, provide the solution in the fate of certain materials carryover stock, through alternatives determined with the diverse areas of the company. These criteria are characteristic of the stored material: occupied volume, time kept in inventory, and cost of the material. The alternatives for the management of the exceeding inventory are: return to the supplier, rework the material, make available for the customer support area or scrap the material. The application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process helps the best decision to reduce the exceeding inventory, reducing the investment required for the maintenance of productive stocks of the company.

Carryover particles are partially/completely burned black liquor particles entrained in the flue gas in kraft recovery boilers. Understanding how carryover particles form and deposit on heat transfer tube surfaces is critically important in the design and operation of a recovery boiler. The tendency for a carryover particle to deposit on a tube surface depends on the particle temperature and composition at the moment of impact. This study was the first to examine systematically how carryover particle composition changes with the black liquor chemistry and burning conditions. The effect of black liquor composition and particle size, gas composition (O2 and SO2 concentrations) and temperature on the composition of carryover particles were studied using an Entrained Flow Reactor (EFR). Field studies were conducted on three operating boilers, where an air-cooled probe was used to collect carryover samples at the superheater entrance. The results show that the chloride (Cl) and potassium (K) contents in carryover particles were linearly proportional to their contents in black liquor. Cl and K were depleted during black liquor combustion due mainly to the vaporization of NaCl and KCl. The depletion of Cl is about three times greater than that of K. The significant depletion of Cl implies that carryover particles contain much less Cl, and hence, are less sticky than previously expected from black liquor composition. A dynamic model was also developed to predict the composition of carryover particles as a function of black liquor composition and burning conditions. Based on the data obtained experimentally in this study, the kinetic equations for the oxidation of sulphide available in the literature were modified and incorporated into the model to improve its sulphide and sulphate predictions. The model predicts the main components of carryover particles formed in both the EFR and three operating recovery boilers reasonably well, except for the K content, which is slightly over-predicted at high O2 concentrations (or high particle temperatures). Based on the predicted composition, it is possible to determine the thermal properties of carryover and to assess its fouling propensity in the boiler. The information helps boiler manufacturers and operators to identify locations in the boiler where massive carryover deposition may occur and to devise appropriate control strategies to minimize fouling and to improve boiler thermal efficiency.

Carryover particles are partially/completely burned black liquor particles entrained in the flue gas in kraft recovery boilers. Understanding how carryover particles form and deposit on heat transfer tube surfaces is critically important in the design and operation of a recovery boiler. The tendency for a carryover particle to deposit on a tube surface depends on the particle temperature and composition at the moment of impact. This study was the first to examine systematically how carryover particle composition changes with the black liquor chemistry and burning conditions. The effect of black liquor composition and particle size, gas composition (O2 and SO2 concentrations) and temperature on the composition of carryover particles were studied using an Entrained Flow Reactor (EFR). Field studies were conducted on three operating boilers, where an air-cooled probe was used to collect carryover samples at the superheater entrance. The results show that the chloride (Cl) and potassium (K) contents in carryover particles were linearly proportional to their contents in black liquor. Cl and K were depleted during black liquor combustion due mainly to the vaporization of NaCl and KCl. The depletion of Cl is about three times greater than that of K. The significant depletion of Cl implies that carryover particles contain much less Cl, and hence, are less sticky than previously expected from black liquor composition. A dynamic model was also developed to predict the composition of carryover particles as a function of black liquor composition and burning conditions. Based on the data obtained experimentally in this study, the kinetic equations for the oxidation of sulphide available in the literature were modified and incorporated into the model to improve its sulphide and sulphate predictions. The model predicts the main components of carryover particles formed in both the EFR and three operating recovery boilers reasonably well, except for the K content, which is slightly over-predicted at high O2 concentrations (or high particle temperatures). Based on the predicted composition, it is possible to determine the thermal properties of carryover and to assess its fouling propensity in the boiler. The information helps boiler manufacturers and operators to identify locations in the boiler where massive carryover deposition may occur and to devise appropriate control strategies to minimize fouling and to improve boiler thermal efficiency.

Orientador: Valério Antonio Pamplona Salomon / Banca: Jorge Muniz Junior / Resumo: No mundo atual, com a globalização e abertura de mercados consumidores e fornecedores ocorre uma crescente concorrência de empresas no objetivo de aumentarem suas participações em vendas. Dessa forma, existe a necessidade de minimizar os custos operacionais, proporcionando maior faturamento, possibilitando maiores lucros. Assim, é de grande importância, ter uma gestão de estoques eficiente em toda a Cadeia de Suprimentos incluindo a parcela excedente. As causas desta parcela consistem na falta de um planejamento acurado na determinação das estimativas de compra, no aproveitamento do mercado fornecedor, na evolução dos produtos acabados e na interrupção ou finalização de um produto. O objetivo deste trabalho é, utilizando uma modelagem de tomada de decisão através de múltiplos critérios, apresentar a solução no destino de materiais determinados como estoque excedente, através de alternativas determinadas em conjunto com as diversas áreas da empresa. Estes critérios são características do material estocado definidos como volume ocupado, tempo de permanência em estoque e custo do material. Já as alternativas para a gestão da parcela excedente do estoque são devolver ao fornecedor, retrabalhar o material, disponibilizar para a área de suporte ao cliente ou sucatar o material. A aplicação do Analytic Hierarchy Process auxilia a melhor decisão de redução do excesso de estoque de um determinado item, diminuindo os investimentos necessários para manutenção dos estoques produtivos da empresa. / Abstract: In the current world, with globalization and the opening of consumers and suppliers markets there is a growing competition from companies in order to increase their market share. This way, there is necessary to minimize the operational costs, providing bigger earnings, and making possible higher profits. Thus, it is of big importance, to have an efficient inventory management along the Supply Chain, including the exceeding amount. The causes of this amount are the inaccurate estimates of purchase, the exploitation of the supplier market, the evolution of finished products, and the interruption for the supplying of a product. The objective of this work is, using a modeling of decision-making with multiple criteria, provide the solution in the fate of certain materials carryover stock, through alternatives determined with the diverse areas of the company. These criteria are characteristic of the stored material: occupied volume, time kept in inventory, and cost of the material. The alternatives for the management of the exceeding inventory are: return to the supplier, rework the material, make available for the customer support area or scrap the material. The application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process helps the best decision to reduce the exceeding inventory, reducing the investment required for the maintenance of productive stocks of the company. / Mestre

Submitted by MARCOS LEANDRO TEIXEIRA DE OLIVEIRA (marcosteixeira@ufv.br) on 2018-07-25T12:52:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1621129 bytes, checksum: 0bd22763157b945eabc56e030cebe5fb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T12:52:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1621129 bytes, checksum: 0bd22763157b945eabc56e030cebe5fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Há poucos herbicidas registrados para a cultura da cenoura no Brasil. O metribuzin, embora não seja registrado, tem sido estudado como uma alternativa para o controle de plantas daninhas. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a dinâmica do metribuzin na cultura da cenoura, sua seletividade, doses e épocas de aplicação, sua interação com fertilizantes e a atividade residual para cultivos em sucessão. Com o intuito de melhor compreender as potencialidades e limitações do metribuzin na cenoura, este trabalho foi conduzido em três capítulos com os seguintes objetivos: avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de metribuzin em pré e pós-emergência da cultura e sua interação com o nitrogênio, sobre os componentes de produção e produtividade de raízes da cenoura. Ainda, avaliar o efeito residual de metribuzin no solo sobre caracteres de crescimento e produtividade da cultura do feijão, cultivado em sucessão. Para o primeiro capítulo, foram conduzidos quatro experimentos de campo. Os tratamentos consistiram de seis doses de metribuzin 0, 108, 216, 324, 432 e 540 g ha -1 , além de um adicional também com a dose 0 de metribuzin, porém este, com capina manual. Verificou-se que a aplicação do metribuzin, em pré- emergência, reduziu a população de plantas de cenoura, a massa da matéria seca da raiz (MSR) e da parte aérea (MSPA) e a produtividade da cenoura, embora este efeito dependa do solo ou época de cultivo. Para o segundo capítulo, três experimentos foram conduzidos, onde foram testadas duas doses de metribuzin (0 e 432 g ha -1 ) e três doses de N (0, 30 e 90 kg ha -1 ). Não houve influência do metribuzin e do N sobre a MSPA e o comprimento das raízes, entretanto, o herbicida reduziu o diâmetro e a MSR. A produtividade não foi influenciada pelo herbicida. Concluiu-se que o metribuzin associado à fertilização de N não influencia no crescimento e produtividade da cenoura. Por fim, para o terceiro capítulo, foram conduzidos dois experimentos em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por três residuais de metribuzin no solo, 0, 240 e 432 g ha -1 , coletado em cultivo de cenoura, cultivada previamente à implantação destes. Não houve influência dos residuais de metribuzin no solo sobre as variáveis analisadas. Concluiu-se que o metribuzin aplicado na cenoura não apresenta potencial carryover à cultura do feijão. / There are few herbicides registered for the cultivation of carrots in Brazil. Metribuzin, although not registered, has been studied as an alternative to weed control. However, little is known about the dynamics of metribuzin in carrot culture, its selectivity, doses and application times, its interaction with fertilizers and the residual activity for crops in succession. In order to better understand the potentialities and limitations of metribuzin in carrot, this work was conducted in three chapters with the following objectives: to evaluate the effects of the application of metribuzin in pre and post emergence of the culture and its interaction with nitrogen, on the components of production and yield of carrot roots. Moreover, to evaluate the residual effect of metribuzin in the soil on growth traits and productivity of the bean crop, grown in succession. For the first chapter, four field experiments were conducted. Treatments consisted of six doses of metribuzin 0, 108, 216, 324, 432 and 540 g ha -1 , in addition to an additional dose of metribuzin, but this with manual weeding. It was verified that the application of metribuzin, in pre-emergence, reduced the population of carrot plants, root dry matter mass (MSR) and aerial part (MSPA) and carrot productivity, although this effect depends on the soil or growing season. For the second chapter, three experiments were conducted, where two doses of metribuzin (0 and 432 g ha -1 ) and three doses of N (0, 30 and 90 kg ha -1 ) were tested. There was no influence of metribuzin and N on MSPA and root length, however, the herbicide reduced the diameter and the MSR. Productivity was not influenced by the herbicide. It was concluded that the metribuzin associated with N fertilization does not influence carrot growth and productivity. Finally, for the third chapter, two experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions. The treatments consisted of three residuals of metribuzin in the soil, 0, 240 and 432 g ha -1 , collected in carrot cultivation, cultivated before their implantation. There was no influence of the residuals of metribuzin in the soil on the analyzed variables. It was concluded that the metribuzin applied in the carrot does not present potential carryover to the bean culture.

While cover crops are actively growing, they compete with winter annual weeds. Studies were conducted to determine the ability of early planted cover crop monocultures and mixtures and a fall applied residual herbicide to compete with winter annual weeds. Cereal rye containing cover crops provided the greatest control of winter weeds in May. Flumioxazin, as a fall applied herbicide, controlled winter weeds in December, but control did not persist until May. Once cover crops are terminated, their residue suppresses summer annual weeds. A greenhouse experiment studying the effects of cereal rye biomass on common ragweed and Palmer amaranth control and light penetration and two field experiments to determine the effects of cereal rye and wheat cover crop biomass terminated with a roller crimper or left standing on summer weed control and light penetration were conducted. For summer weed control, as cover crop biomass increased, weed control increased, light penetration decreased, soil temperature decreased, and soil moisture increased. Standing cover crop residue provided greater control of common ragweed compared to rolled residue until 8400 kg ha⁻¹ of cover crop biomass. As cover crop biomass increased, rolled cover crop residue reduced light penetration compared to standing residue. Wheat cover crop residue increased soil moisture more compared to cereal rye residue. Cover crops must become established to produce adequate biomass to compete with weeds. Herbicide carryover has the potential to reduce cover crop establishment. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential for 30 different residual herbicides applied in the cash crop growing season to carryover to 10 different cover crops. While visible injury was observed, cover crop biomass was similar to the nontreated check in all cases, indicating that herbicide carryover to cover crops is of little concern. Herbicide carryover has few biological effects on establishment of cover crops, under the conditions and herbicides evaluated, that are effective at competing with winter annual weeds and suppressing summer annual weeds. / Master of Science in Life Sciences / Cover crops are grown after the cash crop has been harvested and terminated before another is planted. They are grown for environmental and agronomic benefits and not harvested. Cover crops improve soil health, reduce erosion, prevent nutrient loss, and control weeds. Cover crops can compete with weeds while they are actively growing. Their residue can create a mulch layer to reduce weed establishment and limit the amount of light reaching weed seed to reduce germination and establishment. As winter cover crops are growing, they compete with winter weeds for sunlight, nutrients, and water. Fall applied herbicides that remain active in the soil are also utilized to control winter weeds in between cash crop growing seasons. Experiments evaluated the ability of cover crop monocultures and cover crop mixtures compared to a fall applied herbicide to compete with winter annual weeds. Monocultures and mixtures of cereal rye, crimson clover, hairy vetch, and forage radish were utilized. Cereal rye containing treatments provided the greatest control of winter weeds in the spring. The fall applied herbicide provided adequate control of winter weeds in December, but control did not persist until the May, indicating that a fall applied herbicide will not provide control of winter weeds from cash crop harvest to the next cash crop planting. As cover crop biomass increases, summer annual weed control increases. Cover crops are usually terminated with herbicide and left standing in Virginia, but the use of a roller crimper lays down residue and creates a mulch layer. Experiments compared the effects of cereal rye and wheat cover crops at different biomass rates terminated with herbicide only (left standing) or a roller crimper and herbicide on summer weed control, light penetrating the cover crop canopy and reaching the soil surface, soil moisture, and soil temperature. As cover crop biomass increased, weed control increased, light reaching the soil surface decreased, soil temperature decreased, and soil moisture increased. Standing cover crop residue provided greater weed control until 8400 kg ha⁻¹ of cover crop biomass was reached. After 8400 kg ha⁻¹ rolled cover crop residue provided greater control, but control from standing and rolled were both greater than 80% compared to the no cover control. Cereal rye intercepted more light than wheat cover crop residue at less than 6000 kg ha⁻¹ of cover crop biomass was achieved. Rolled cover crop residue intercepted more light than standing residue. Established cover crops most produce adequate biomass to effectively control weeds. Herbicides applied during the cash crop growing season to control weeds can remain active in the soil and reduce the establishment of subsequently planted cover crops. Experiments evaluated the potential for different herbicides applied during the cash crop, such as corn, cotton, or soybeans, to remain in the soil at high enough concentrations to injure cover crops commonly utilized in the Mid-Atlantic region. Cover crops utilized were wheat, barley, cereal rye, oats, annual ryegrass, forage radish, Austrian winter pea, crimson clover, hairy vetch, and rapeseed. Results suggest that little potential exists for the herbicides utilized to persist in the soil to injure the five grass cover crop species utilized. There is the potential for some herbicides to injure forage radish, crimson clover, and rapeseed, but no reduction in cover crop biomass was observed, indicating there is little concern for herbicide carryover to cover crops. Residual herbicide carryover has little effect on establishment of cover crops and does not reduce cover crop biomass, under the conditions and herbicides tested in this study. Cover crops can effectively compete with winter weeds, and as cover crop biomass increases, summer annual weed control increases.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the lifelong meaning and influence of participation in a high school choral music program. This study described and analyzed the reflections of adults who participated in one high school choral program selected by the researcher as meeting high standards of practice in choral music. The eight participants, who were involved in the choral program for at least three years and pursued careers in fields other than music, were selected via criterion sampling and interviewed regarding their experiences in chorus and how those experiences may have influenced their lives. Semi-structured interviews were the primary method of investigation in this case study. The first interview began with a broad-scope, grand-tour question. Prior to the second interview, former-student participants reviewed transcriptions of the first interview. The second interview consisted of specific questioning around the possible lifelong influence of their choral experience. During the second interview, each former-student participant was asked to complete an evaluation survey of effective teaching strategies/dimensions based on their memories of their choral director. The data collection process took place over a period of approximately five months. The school’s choral director was observed to verify teaching strategies consistent with criteria established by the researcher and to provide contextual data for triangulation of former-student participant data. Interview data, field notes, and archival information were coded for analysis by relevant themes and narratives were crafted. Findings suggested that the lifelong influence of this high school choral program was related to multiple social aspects, including a sense of pride and achievement, as well as to the learned ability to critique and evaluate. Participants valued the high expectations of the choral director and the exposure to many genres of music. Data revealed that some self-perceived outcomes of the program, such as critical thinking and self-confidence, were influential in the development of lifelong learning skills. Findings implied that traditional performing ensembles in secondary schools may not provide the greatest opportunity for engaging school musical experiences that encourage lifelong involvement in music. Additionally, the findings revealed that extra-musical benefits of the program outweighed the musical influence in adulthood.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1190104 bytes, checksum: f474d2f3823a5022633afce988da2581 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The sorption and leaching of fomesafen were evaluated in soils with different physicochemical characteristics and its persistence in a Red-Yellow Latosol cultivated with common bean in no-tillage and conventional system. The first experiment evaluated the sorption process of the fomesafen in Ultisol, Cambisol and Histosol. Besides soil, washed sand was used as an inert material for determination of the sorption ratio of fomesafen in the soil. The bioassay method was applied, using Sorghum vulgare plants as bio-indicator of herbicide presence. Plant poisoning evaluation and harvest for dry matter determination were carried out 21 days after sorghum sowing. To calculate C50, the nonlinear log-logistic model was applied and sorption ratios of the herbicide were obtained in different soils. In the second experiment it was evaluated the leaching of fomesafen in four soils: Inceptisol, Latosol with pH corrected and original, Ultisol and Histosol. To this end, we used bioassays employing the hybrid sorghum plant BRS655 as indicative of the presence of fomesafen in soils. The soils were packed in PVC columns of 10 cm diameter and 50 cm in length, marked and sectioned every 5 cm away. Was applied fomesafen at the top of the columns, at a dose of 500 g ha-1 of fomesafen. 12 hours after proceeded we simulated rainfall applying a level of water of 80 mm. Evaluations were performed poisoning plant and harvest for determination of shoot dry matter at 21 days after planting sorghum in the soil of each column. The objective of third experiment was to evaluate the persistence of fomesafen in Red-Yellow Ultisol cultivated with common bean in notillage and conventional systems, featuring two separate experiments. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications arranged in a split plot, where the plots represent the herbicide doses (0.0, 125, 250, 500 g ha-1) and subplots ages of soil collected (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135 and 150 days after herbicide application). Soil samples were collected from 15 to 15 days, in central interrows of the plots and transferred to plastic pots of 280 cm3, which was seeded sorghum as a biological indicator of the presence of fomesafen. At 21 days after emergence was evaluated poisoning of plants, on a scale where 0 (zero) representing the complete absence of symptoms and 100, death of the plant. The content of organic matter and clay of soils were the attributes that more influenced the sorption of fomesafen. Their leaching was more affected, in descending order of importance by organic matter content, texture and pH of the soil and its persistence by dose of fomesafen and plantation system. / A sorção e a lixiviação do fomesafen foram avaliadas em solos com diferentes características físico-químicas, e a persistência, em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo cultivado com feijão nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional. No primeiro experimento, avaliou-se o processo de sorção do fomesafen em Argissolo Vermelho- Amarelo, Cambissolo e Organossolo. Utilizou-se areia lavada, como material inerte, para determinação das razões de sorção do fomesafen. Para isso, o Sorghum vulgare, híbrido BRS655, foi utilizado como bioindicador. Aos 21 dias após a semeadura, foram realizadas avaliações de intoxicação das plantas e colheita da parte aérea para determinação da matéria seca. No cálculo do C50 utilizou-se o modelo log-logístico não linear, obtendo-se a seguir as relações de sorção do herbicida nos diferentes solos. No segundo experimento, a lixiviação do fomesafen foi avaliada nos solos: Cambissolo, Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo com pH corrigido (5,7) e original (5,0), Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo e Organossolo. Os solos foram acondicionados em colunas de PVC de 10 cm de diâmetro por 50 cm de comprimento, marcadas e seccionadas a cada 5 cm de distância. Aplicou-se o fomesafen no topo das colunas, na dose de 500 g ha-1. Após 12 horas procedeu-se à simulação de chuva, com aplicação de uma lâmina de água de 80 mm. Após 72 horas as colunas foram abertas, e o solo foi seccionado a cada 5 cm, sendo removido para vasos de 280 cm³, semeando-se o sorgo para as avaliações de intoxicação. A colheita da parte aérea para determinação da matéria seca ocorreu aos 21 dias após plantio. No terceiro experimento, avaliou-se a persistência de três doses do fomesafen em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo cultivado com feijão, cultivar Ouro Vermelho, nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional. Em ambos os sistemas de plantio foram aplicadas as doses de 125, 250 e 500 g ha-1 de fomesafen. A cada 15 dias foram realizadas coletas de solo e plantio de sorgo, para determinar a persistência do herbicida. A intoxicação das plantas foi avaliada aos 21 dias após semeadura. Os teores de matéria orgânica e de argila dos solos foram os atributos que mais afetaram a sorção do fomesafen. A sua lixiviação foi mais afetada, em ordem decrescente de importância, pelo teor de matéria orgânica, pela textura e pelo pH do solo, e a sua persistência, pela dose do fomesafen e pelo sistema de plantio.