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Cell therapies for enhancing cartilage repair and regenerationHopper, Niina Maria January 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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Dispersion à deux et trois phases dans le cadre de l'ingénierie tissulaire du cartilageLetellier, Samuel Ahmadi, Azita. Lasseux, Didier January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Thèse de doctorat : Sciences physiques et de l'ingénieur. Mécanique : Bordeaux 1 : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.
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The conchal cartilage effect of its management on the size of the meatoplasty and the outcome of the open mastoid cavityTang, Man-Kai, Herman. January 2001 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-186).
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Micro/nano-mechanics of cartilage with osteoarthritisWu, Cheuk-bun, Benny., 胡卓斌. January 2011 (has links)
This study aimed to characterize the in-situ mechanical property and morphology of
individual collagen fibril in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage using indentation-type
atomic force microscopy (IT-AFM). The specimens with intact articular cartilage
(AC), mild to severe degenerated OA cartilage were collected with informed consent
from the postmenopausal women who underwent hip or knee arthroplasty. The fresh
specimens were cryo-sectioned by layers with 50m thick for each from the articular
surface to calcified cartilage, and then processed for AFM imaging and
nanoindentation test. For each layer, a total of twenty collagen fibrils were randomly
selected for testing. AFM tips with the nominal radius less than 10 nm were employed
for probing the individual collagen fibril, and the obtained cantilever deflection signal
and displacement were recorded for calculating its elastic modulus. Besides AFM
nanoindentation, AFM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images,
haematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining and micro-indentation were performed on AC
to study the changes of ultrastructure and composition between intact AC and OA
cartilage. Results showed that an intact AC exhibited a gradation in elastic modulus of
collagen fibrils from surface region (2.65±0.31GPa) to bottom region (3.70±0.44GPa).
It was noted in the initial stage of OA cartilage that the coefficient of variation for
mechanical properties of collagen fibers, ranging from 25~48%, significantly
increased as compared with intact one (12%). The thickened and stiffened collagen
fibrils initially occurred at either surface region (3.11±0.91GPa) or bottom region
(5.64±1.10GPa) with OA progression. Besides thickens, alteration of D-periodic
banding patterns of collagen fibrils was observed. It was echoed by fibrotic changes
of surface region and tidemark irregularities. On the contrast, the micromechanical
properties of cartilage decreased while AC suffered from OA. This result revealed the
different approachs of nano and micro-mechanical properties changes in AC. In
summary, the alteration of mechanical properties of collagen fibrils started from
calcified cartilage as well as articular surface during OA onset, and the low
compliance of thickened collagen fibrils deteriorated along disease progression. This
study also reveals that the outstanding ability by AFM, in investigating the structure
and mechanical properties of collagen fibrils and AC in nanometer scale, is
impressive and this nanotechnological instrument is worth to be expected in further
development for clinical use. / published_or_final_version / Mechanical Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy
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A Method to Improve Cartilage IntegrationMcGregor, Aaron 23 December 2009 (has links)
One major barrier that prevents cartilage integration following mosaic arthroplasty is the presence of a zone of chondrocyte death (ZCD) that is generated upon osteochondral graft harvest, which can extend up to 400 μm into the cartilaginous portion of the graft. In order for cartilage integration to occur, chondrocytes must be present at the graft periphery; however chondrocyte migration through the ZCD to the graft periphery is inhibited by the dense extracellular matrix (ECM) of cartilage. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for increasing the number of chondrocytes within the ZCD and at the periphery of a cartilage graft. This method used a combination of collagenase treatment (as a means of degrading the ECM within the ZCD) and chondrocyte chemotaxis (as a means of improving chondrocyte migration into the ZCD and to the cartilage periphery). Results indicate that treating bovine articular cartilage with 0.6 % collagenase for 10 min decreased with extent of the ZCD by approximately 35% (collagenase: 109 ± 13 μm; control: 175 ± 13 μm). Each of the chemotactic agents tested (PDGF-bb, bFGF, and IGF-I) were found to induce bovine chondrocyte chemotaxis at concentrations of 25 ng/mL in modified Boyden chamber experiments. However, in bovine articular cartilage samples that were pre-treated with collagenase (0.6% for 10 min), supplementation with 25 ng/mL of either PDGF-bb or bFGF had no apparent effect on the ZCD relative to samples treated only with collagenase (PDGF-bb: 85 ± 10 μm; bFGF: 88 ± 10 μm). Alternatively, bovine articular cartilage samples pre-treated with collagenase (0.6% for 10 min) and supplementation with 25 ng/mL IGF-I resulted in an approximately 65% reduction in the ZCD relative to samples treated only with collagenase (IGF-1: 38 ± 5 μm). Thus, treating osteochondral grafts with collagenase and IGF-1 induces chondrocyte repopulation of the zone of chondrocyte death generated by osteochondral graft harvesting, and could enhance cartilage integration after implantation. / Thesis (Master, Chemical Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2009-12-21 20:16:05.815
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A Therapeutic Dose of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) for Cartilage Tissue EngineeringUSPRECH, JENNA 23 September 2010 (has links)
Tissue engineering holds great promise for developing functional tissue to repair damaged articular cartilage. However, cartilaginous tissues formed in vitro typically possess poor mechanical properties in comparison to native tissue due to the inability of chondrocytes to accumulate adequate amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM). While mechanical stimuli can enhance the properties of engineered cartilage, it may be more efficient to harness the underlying mechanotransduction pathways responsible. Substantial evidence suggests that the mechanotransduction signaling cascade is initiated by rapid adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) release from chondrocytes (purinergic receptor pathway). Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous ATP supplementation on the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissue engineered cartilage.
Primary bovine articular chondrocytes, seeded on MilliporeTM filters, were grown in the presence of 0, 62.5 or 250 µM ATP for a period of four weeks. Both anabolic and catabolic effects were examined and a therapeutic dose range of ATP was determined.
ATP stimulation (62.5 - 250 µM) enhanced ECM synthesis by 23 - 43% and long-term collagen accumulation by 16 - 26%, in a dose-dependent manner; however, long-term proteoglycan accumulation decreased as a result of 250 µM ATP. In addition, ATP supplementation significantly improved the mechanical properties of the developed tissues (5- to 6.5-fold increase in tissue stiffness). Interestingly, high doses of ATP (250 µM) also elicited a 2-fold increase in MMP-13 gene expression, 39% increase in MMP-13 activity, and 54% more extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (ePPi) – an ATP degradation product. Dose-dependent increases in MMP-13 activity suggested that catabolic effects were occurring alongside anabolic effects, which initiated the investigation of a therapeutic dose of ATP. Doses of 31.25 µM and 125 µM ATP were added to cartilaginous tissues and investigated in terms of MMP-13 activity and ECM synthesis. Tissues supplemented with 62.5 – 125 µM ATP exhibited a balance between anabolic and catabolic effects.
By harnessing the purinergic receptor pathway, anabolic effects of mechanical stimuli were achieved in the absence of externally applied forces. Understanding how the catabolic effects of ATP are manifested would be valuable in order to further maximize the therapeutic potential of ATP stimulation. / Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2010-09-22 14:08:28.114
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Bioreactor for the production of tissue engineered cartilage : defining operating parameters for optimal construct growthSaini, Sunil 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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Numerical simulation of the fluid mechanics of a spinner flask bioreactorOsorio, Diego 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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Imaging in the slow flow regime : applications to MRI of the knee and ultrasound streamingHoad, Caroline Louise January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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Mechanical factors in the management of osteoarthritis of the kneeDonell, Simon Thomas January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
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