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Bioprocessing Conditions for Improving the Material Properties of Tissue Engineered CartilageRangamani, Padmini 01 June 2005 (has links)
Cartilage tissue engineering is an emerging treatment option for osteoarthritis and trauma related joint injuries. A continuing challenge for cartilage tissue engineering is increasing construct extracellular matrix production and material properties. Shear stress and oxygen tension play an important role in tissue engineering of cartilage. In this select stimulatory conditions using combinations of shear stress and oxygen tension have been used to enhance the construct extracellular matrix deposition and material properties. Additionally, a perfusion concentric cylinder bioreactor has been developed to incorporate multiple fluid flow regimes through the construct.
This thesis attempts to elucidate the effect of shear stress and biochemical conditions on cartilage development in vitro to provide functional tissue engineered constructs.
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Mechanoregulation of chondrocytes and chondroprogenitors: the role of TGF-BETA and SMAD signalingMouw, Janna Kay 28 November 2005 (has links)
In pathological states such as osteoarthritis, the complex metabolic balance of cartilage is disrupted, leading to a loss in the integrity and biomechanical function of cartilage. Osteoarthritis affects more than 20 million Americans, costing the United States economy over $60 billion yearly. Risk factors for osteoarthritis include age, excessive joint loading, and joint injury. Tissue engineering offers a potential solution for the replacement of diseased and/or damaged cartilage. Unfortunately, plentiful donor cell populations are difficult to assemble, as chondrocytes have a well characterized lack of expansion potential. Mesenchymal progenitor cells offer an alternative with a high expansion potential capable of supplying large quantities of cells. Using an immature bovine model, the chondrogenic differentiation of articular chondrocytes and bone marrow stromal cells was found to be scaffold, media and mechanical stimulation dependent. TGF-beta signaling participated in the response of articular chondrocytes to dynamic compressive loading, as well as enhanced the chondrogenesis of bovine BMSCs, through interactions between loading and TGF-beta/Smad signaling. Also, dynamic loading altered gene expression, matrix synthesis rates and intracellular phosphorylation for bovine BMSCs. However the response of the cells to dynamic loading depends on both media supplementation and the duration of unloaded culture. These studies establish signaling through the TGF-beta pathway as a mechanotransduction pathway for chondrocytes and chondroprogenitors in 3D culture.
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Imagerie par résonance magnétique de l'ostéoarthrose métacarpo-phalangienne équine : évaluation des paramètres non-cartilagineuxOlive, Julien January 2008 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal
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Electrospun Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Methods to Affect Anisotropy, Material and Cellular InfiltrationGarrigues, Ned William January 2011 (has links)
<p>The aim of this dissertation was to develop new techniques for producing electrospun scaffolds for use in the tissue engineering of articular cartilage. We developed a novel method of imparting mechanical anisotropy to electrospun scaffolds that allowed the production of a single, cohesive scaffold with varying directions of anisotropy in different layers by employing insulating masks to control the electric field. We improved the quantification of fiber alignment, discovering that surface fibers in isotropic scaffolds show similar amounts of fiber alignment as some types of anisotropic scaffolds, and that cells align themselves in response to this subtle fiber alignment. We improved previous methods to improve cellular infiltration into tissue engineering scaffolds. Finally, we produced a new material with chondrogenic potential consisting of native unpurified cartilage which was electrospun as a composite with a synthetic polymer. This work provided advances in three major areas of tissue engineering: scaffold properties, cell-scaffold interaction, and novel materials.</p> / Dissertation
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The effect of fluid shear stress on growth plate chondrocytesDenison, Tracy Adam 30 June 2009 (has links)
Cartilage tissue provides compressive resistance in diarthrodial joints, and has
been shown to be regulated by mechanical signals, in particular with regard to production
of extracellular matrix proteins. However, less is understood about how chondrocytes in
regions not solely purposed to provide compressive resistance may also be affected by
mechanical forces. The growth plate is a small layer of cartilage that functions to
facilitate longitudinal growth of the long bones from in utero through post-adolescent
development. The growth plate maintains distinct regions of chondrocytes at carefully
regulated stages of endochondral ossification that are in part characterized by their
morphology and differential responsiveness to vitamin D metabolites. Understanding if
mechanical cues could be harnessed to accelerate or delay the process of endochondral
ossification might be beneficial for optimizing tissue engineering of cartilage or
osteochondral interfaces. This study focused on three aims to provide a basis for future
work in this area: 1) Develop a cell line culture model useful for studying growth plate
chondrocytes, 2) Determine the response of primary growth plate chondrocytes and the
cell line model to fluid shear stress, and 3) determine if expression of integrin beta 1 is
important for the observed responses to shear stress. The findings of this study suggest
that inorganic phosphate can promote differentiation in coordination with the
24,25(OH)2D3 metabolite of vitamin D, and that fluid shear stress generally inhibits
differentiation and proliferation of growth plate chondrocytes in part through an integrin
beta 1 mediated pathway.
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Biomechanical signals mediate cellular mechano-transduction and gene regulationMadhavan, Shashi D., January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-148).
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Morphological and molecular changes in developing guinea pig osteoarthritis /Brismar, Harald, January 2003 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
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Effects of ¹⁵³samarium-ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonate on physeal and articular cartilage in juvenile rabbits /Essman, Stephanie Christine. January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2003. / "December 2003." Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-96). Also issued on the Internet.
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Laser scanning confocal arthroscopy in orthopaedics : examination of chondrial and connective tissues, quantification of chondrocyte morphology, investigation of matirx-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation and characterisation of osteoarthritis /Jones, Christopher Wynne. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Western Australia, 2007.
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Effects of ¹⁵³samarium-ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonate on physeal and articular cartilage in juvenile rabbitsEssman, Stephanie Christine. January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2003. / "December 2003." Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-96). Also issued on the Internet.
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