Orientador: Mauro William Barbosa de Almeida / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T02:45:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Postigo_AugustodeArruda_D.pdf: 9437625 bytes, checksum: b6e30f63dd5bfac94605ab32e46aeff8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo : O presente trabalho aborda percepções, usos e idéias relacionadas ao espaço entre os moradores da bacia do Rio Bagé localizados dentro da Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá, no oeste do estado do Acre. São quatro as fontes principais utilizadas nessa pesquisa: (1) uma etnografia baseada em visitas e convívio com os moradores do rio Bagé, totalizando pouco mais de um ano distribuídos em viagens de aproximadamente dois meses nos últimos onze anos;(2) o material de duas últimas viagens de dois meses realizadas entre 2004 e 2006 feitas por uma equipe, formada por mim e mais dois amigos nativos da região, um dos quais da própria bacia do rio Bagé. Dessas viagens resultaram três diários de viagem diferentes, o meu próprio e os de meus dois colegas; (3) mapas desenhados por moradores em diversas escalas; (3) levantamento georeferenciado dos espaços de uso dos moradores relizado por nossa equipe de pesquisa e pela própria comunidade. Foram utilizadas e discutidas algumas noções e alguns conceitos que procuram integrar o material de campo. A primeira discussão é uma análise crítica sobre mapas em geral e sobre os mapas dos moradores em particular. Qual a natureza desses objetos gráficos e o que eles nos informam é uma pergunta básica. A outra questão importante, decorrente dessa primeira, trata da possibilidade de uma abordagem antropológica da experiência espacial que parta do ponto de vista do sujeito que experiência o espaço. Essa abordagem parte de autores como Bateson, Ingold e Uexküll, e também naquilo que argumento ser o ponto de vista dos moradores do rio Bagé sobre o espaço em que vivem. Há decorrêncios importantes desse tipo de abordagem que apontam para as fronteiras entre a razão e o sensível e entre o sujeito e o universo que ele habita / Abstract: This work is about perceptions, uses and ideas related to space among the habitants of the Bagé River, located in the Extractive Reserve of the Upper Juruá River, in the West region of Acre, a Brazilian state. The research is mainly based in (1) an ethnography founded on visits to the habitants of the Bagé River, through eleven years of two months trips, totalizing more than one year of living together; (2) the material produced in the last two visits, between 2004 and 2006, made by an equip whose members were two native friends and me , one of them native of the Bagé River basin, from this trips, Each one of us wrote a different and independent field diary; (3) maps in different scales produced by the habitants; (4) georeferencing of used spaces produced by our research team and by the local community. Notions and concepts that try to integrate field material were used and discussed here. The first discussion is a critical analysis of maps in general and of the habitants' maps in particular. What this maps and graphics objects could inform us and what is their nature is a basic question. The other important question, due to the first, is the possibility of an anthropological approach of the spatial experience whose start point is the point of view of the subject experiencing space. This approach is based in the works of Bateson, Ingold, Uexküll and also in what I call the point of view of the Bagé habitants about the space where they live. There are important results in this kind of approach that point to the borders between reason and sensitive and between the subject and the habited universe / Doutorado / Antropologia Rural / Doutor em Antropologia Social

The ecologically and culturally rich Amazonian border zones are increasingly targeted for development and the exploitation of natural resources, even as these zones often double as existing or proposed sites for the conservation of biodiversity and protection of indigenous lands. Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations alike project their goals from central offices onto borderland landscapes assumed to be empty of local people but full of valuable resources, biodiversity or development potential. Simultaneously, loggers, miners, drug traffickers, and others operate illegally or quasi-legally within these border zones and, in the absence of a strong governmental presence, cultivate the borderland's reputation as a violent hinterland. Within this complex borderland reality, the local people (indigenous and non-indigenous), largely invisible to authorities, struggle to survive with subsistence strategies while either negotiating with illegal interlopers to supplement their income or resisting them for their very survival. The resulting landscape is a tangle of overlapping and competing concessions, conservation units, and indigenous territories whose contestation and resulting confusion advances the agenda of illegal extractivists and drug traffickers. This study highlights the continued importance of fieldwork in geography. Here, field-based research provides insight into the poorly understood borderlands of Peru and Brazil. Research used a combination of participatory methods, Geographic Information Systems, ethnography, document research, and remote sensing to analyze mapping, logging, and coca cultivation within four borderland watersheds. These data were combined with regional data on coca eradication, resource concessions, conservation units, and indigenous territories from both Brazil and Peru. Field-based results demonstrate these borderlands to be highly contested and poorly mapped with an exploitative and poorly managed timber industry and a dynamic front of coca cultivation contributing to social disruption and environmental degradation. More fieldwork is needed to generate the geographic information necessary for sustainable development and conservation planning and to help local people defend their territory from illegal operators and the imposition of state resource concessions. Ecological Economic Zoning is recommended as a participatory policy framework to improve geographic information and long term planning. / text