Identication of cartridge is very essential in the field of forensics, military or people who collect ammunitions. The cartridges can beidentied by their headstamps.This thesis presents work on identification and matching of cartridge headstamp from the image. The Libor Masek's open source iris recognition algorithm is considered for the identification of cartridge pattern from the image.The dataset is devoleped with the cartridge headstamp patterns and matching of cartridge headstamp patterns is implemented. For matching of the cartridge pattern the Hamming distance is considered as the metric to differentiate interclass and intraclass comparisons. Variance is used as a criteria to discard the unwanted areas of the cartridge headstamp pattern.Four distinct cartridge headstamp patterns are considered. Three cartridges of each headstamp pattern are considered for intra class comparisons. The validation of the method is performed.

The three introductory chapters are intended to summarise the available knowledge prior to the experimental work and to provide useful background information for chemists, with little or no understanding of firearms, who are required to undertake the chemical aspects of firearms casework examination. Chapter 1 provides a much condensed outline of the historical development of firearms and ammunition, with emphasis on ignition systems up to the development of the percussion primer and self contained ammunition. The second chapter presents a comprehensive literature search on the chemical nature of modem ammunition and firearms, with particular attention to priming compositions and projectiles. The final introductory chapter deals with the nature and properties of firearms discharge residues and outlines the most important developments in the search for a satisfactory detection and identification method. The objective of the experimental work is to record experience gained from the 26 year terrorist campaign in Northern Ireland and to use such experience, coupled with further research and development, to substantially improve existing procedures for firearms and explosives residue detection. The experimental work conducted is detailed in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 deals primarily with the Particle Analysis method for the detection and identification of firearms discharge residue, particular attention being directed towards the particle classification system and discharge residue from mercury fulminate and Sintox primed ammunition. Chapter 6 covers suspect handling procedures and contamination avoidance and makes recommendations for permanent improvements in and regular monitoring of the environment in which suspects are sampled. Chapter 7 outlines the development of a method for the detection of the organic constituents of firearms discharge residues, which is compatible with existing inorganic firearms discharge residue and organic explosive residue detection techniques and which enables all suspects to be routinely screened for inorganic and organic firearms discharge residue and organic explosives residue. The final chapter summanses the conclusions, recommendations and comments arising from the work.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Low cost recording devices for telemetry and other data acquisition applications are of vital importance in light of today's shrinking budgets and project cut-backs. The desire to replace large, expensive, multi-channel recorders with smaller, less expensive recorders is becoming commonplace in government and industry. Many of these small recorders in the past have been limited to a single recording channel, and to one particular data type, due to recorder architectures. The 8 millimeter (8mm) tape cartridge recorder has been looked at in the past as a low cost recording device, however products utilizing this technology have been strictly limited in the number of channels, and data types. In response to this need, Veda has developed a new data acquisition recorder utilizing an 8mm recorder packaged in a small, flight qualified rugged enclosure with modular, and interchangeable, input channels. These microprocessor controlled inputs are capable of accepting PCM telemetry, MIL-STD-1553, voice, IRIG time, and ARINC 429/629 data. The new architecture allows for multiplexing of multiple channels onto the single channel tape medium as well as direct playback from the recorder for certain data types. This paper will discuss the recorder's architecture, design problems solved during development, and general capabilities.

The thesis work is performed at Norma Precision AB, a company that manufactures ammunition for hunting and competitive shooting. Two types of cases called 300 Winchester Magnum and 308 Winchester are examined on how their hardness were prior to and after the two annealing’s of the neck they experience during the manufacturing. The cases vary in hardness and an investigation will be made to draw connections to the microstructure of the cases in order to understand the variations and possibly avoid the variations in the future. The cases were selected at different days, the 300 Winchester Magnum were chosen at three different days with some properties varying and the 308 Winchester were taken at two different days. At each day twenty cases were selected, five prior to the first neck annealing, five after the first neck annealing, five after the shaping and calibrating of the cases and the final five after the second neck annealing. The selected cases were first measured by a hardness test, where they were measured at 1mm, 3mm and 6mm from the nuzzle and five times around the case at each measurement. After that, the variations were analyzed and the two most varying cases from each day and step were taken into the laboratory at Karlstad University. In the laboratory, the cases were measured by a microhardness tester. The cases were measured at even distances between them all throughout the cases to make a hardness profile. The next step was to etch the cases and examine them in an optical microscope, where the grain size was measured in micrometer and ASTM. The results from the regular hardness measurements and the microhardness tests showed similar tendencies. Variations was found in each step and each day during both hardness measurements the two types of cases behaved similarly. The grain size results showed that after annealing, the grain size increased. Although there was no clear relation between grain size and hardness since the results varied, some cases with higher hardness had a smaller grain size than a case with lower hardness. Using the grain size of the brass could work to get an idea of the hardness, but to get a sincerer perception of the material properties, more properties needs to be investigated. / Examensarbetet är utfört hos Norma Precision, ett företag som tillverkar ammunition för viltjakt och för tävlingsskytte. Två sorters hylsor vid namn 300 Winchester Magnum samt 308 Winchester undersöks hur deras hårdhet är innan respektive efter de två mynningsglödgningar hylsorna genomgår under tillverkningen. Hylsorna varierar i hårdhet och en undersökning kommer göras för att dra kopplingar till hylsornas mikrostruktur för att få en förståelse av variationerna och eventuellt kunna undvika variationer i framtiden. Hylsorna valdes ut vid olika dagar, 300 Winchester Magnum togs vid tre olika tillfällen när olika egenskaper skiljde och 308 Winchester togs vid två tillfällen. Varje dag plockades tjugo hylsor ut, fem innan första mynningsglödgningen, fem efter den första mynningsglödgningen, fem efter formning och kalibrering av hylsorna samt fem efter den andra mynningsglödgningen. På de utplockade hylsorna gjordes först hårdhetstester, då de mättes vid 1mm, 3mm och 6mm ifrån mynningen och fem mätningar runt hylsan vid varje mättillfälle. Efter det analyserades resultaten och de två hylsor som varierade mest från varje dag och varje steg togs med till labbet på Karlstads Universitet. I labbet mättes hylsorna med en mikrohårdhetsmätare. Hylsorna mättes med jämna mellanrum genom hela hylsan för att skapa en hårdhetsprofil. Nästa steg var sedan att etsa hylsorna och undersöka dem i ett ljusmikroskop, där mätningar av kornstorlek i mikrometer och ASTM gjordes. Resultaten från den vanliga hårdhetsmätningen och från mikrohårdhetsmätningen visade liknande tendenser. Det upptäckes variationer i varje steg och varje dag i båda hårdhetsmätningarna och de två sorternas hylsor betedde sig likadant. Resultaten från kornstorleksmätningarna visade att efter glödgning ökade kornstorleken. Det fanns dock inget tydligt mellan kornstorlek och hårdhet då resultaten varierade, i vissa fall hade hylsorna med högre hårdhet en mindre kornstorlek än hylsor med lägre hårdhet. Att använda mässingens kornstorlek kan fungera för att få en övergripande bild av hårdheten, men för att få en bättre förståelse av materialegenskaperna behöver fler egenskaper undersökas.

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This diploma thesis is focused on robotized technological workstation (RTW) for production of “Valve cartridge” product. The production workstation, studied in the diploma thesis, is located at IMI Precision Engineering company and is focused on silicon filling. In the introduction a present workstation is evaluated and a present status of industrial robots and robotized workstation is analyzed. In main part of the thesis two solutions for robotic automation are designed, with respect of assigned parameters. The final solution is chosen by method of multicriteria decisional analysis. Project documentation is created for chosen variant including manipulation work cycle and block diagram of RTW control. The thesis includes calculation of capital return. At the final part of the thesis ergonomics and safety of workstation is analyzed; the risks of robotized technological workstation components are also evaluated. Technologists and quality engineer requirements are taken into account during working on the thesis.

Abstract Recently years environmental protect conscious have raised, product throw away after used that had been impacted environment awfully. Green design; Environment protect design; Resource recycle; Green marketing; Remanufacture use etc. of concept, have been separate into whole society. As the information products quickly expand demand in the current, the electric information related products made huge numbers, that result in more garbage produce out, it had been stress to the environment. How to process those huge quantity information garbages part, became an important issues. According to the IDC, 2003 survey Taiwan area, the laser printer toner cartridge sales market there are over one million sets, such as that have been produce out huge number blank toner cartridge garbage. There are some small enterprises to remanufacture the use up of blank toner cartridge since ten year ago in Taiwan, they change the laser toner cartridge life cycle ¡ufrom born to dead¡vto ¡ufrom born to born¡vand sell that into printing expendable market, this way have environment protect concept and have economy benefits. But as DIPC, 2003 report the remanufacture toner cartridge¡Athere are ten percentage market share only in Taiwan printing expendable marketing, it is very low than USA or Europe of 30 to 35 percentage market share. The remanufacture toner cartridge business had been meet lower market share grow, because they except the same industry competition, they have meet large OEM printer manufacture sales pressure competition and consumer un-know this remanufacture toner product can provide stable printing quality and save the cost, these laser toner remanufacture industry have been meet grow limit. This study application the small enterprises manufacture advantage, industry environment analysis, industry competition analysis, same field industry competition analysis to establish the toner cartridge business advantage strategy , expect the result outcome can provide the remanufacture toner cartridge of greening business, promotion the green consumer market, extension the environmental protect product, promote environmental four fundamental ¡u4R,reduce¡Breuse¡Brecycle¡Brepair¡vto slow down toner cartridge garbage, save green resource & cost, provide the people job position, finally achieved the enterprises good profit outcome ,and continue competition advantage.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different doses of silicon, applied to the soil, in biological development of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1979) (Lepdoptera: Noctuidae). It was developed in two phases, the first one in a greenhouse and Laboratory of Entomology and the second one in a field, both at the Centre of Agricultural Sciences of Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, AL. The design experiment was completely randomized in blocks at random, for the first and second stages, respectively. Five were used in both treatments, which were represented by different doses of silicon (without application; 500kg.ha-1 of SiO2; 1.000kg.ha-1 of SiO2; 1.500kg.ha-1 of SiO2 and 2.000kg.ha-1 of SiO2) applied to the soil with calcium silicate and magnesium 10.5% silicon, divided into two applications. The first step tests were performed to evaluate resistance (in greenhouse and in the laboratory), with fisrts instar caterpillars from the creation of maintenance, in the first 24hours after the outbreak. The second step was performed in a total area of 128,5m², divided into four blocks, where we evaluated the injuries caused by the plague in four different seasons (15, 30, 45 and 60 days after plants emergence), the infestation and productivity. To evaluate injury, we used a grading scale proposed by CARVALHO (1970). The note data obtained from four evaluations, were transformed in and the medium subjected to the analysis of variance and compared by Tukey test at a significant level of 5%. For the results it is possible to end what to applications of silicate of calcium and magnesium in pots in house of vegetation, did not interfere in the number of instar and not even in the duration of the phase larval and pupal. However, all the treatments that received silicon interfere positively in the weight and length of caterpillars of S. frugiperda in the very development. The applications of silicate of calcium and magnesium, in furrow in the planting and in covering, do not interfere in the productivity and not even in the insults provoked for S. frugiperda in the culture of the corn. However, it was noticed that the percentage of infestation was small when it was used 500 kg.ha-1 of SiO2, to the 15 and 45 DAE. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / O estudo foi realizado visando avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de silício, aplicado via solo, no desenvolvimento biológico de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Foi desenvolvido em duas etapas, sendo a primeira em telado e no Laboratório de Entomologia e a segunda em campo, ambos no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, AL. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado e em blocos ao acaso, para a primeira e a segunda etapas, respectivamente. Em ambas foram utilizados cinco tratamentos, os quais foram representados por diferentes doses de silício (sem aplicação; 500kg.ha-1 de SiO2; 1.000kg.ha-1 de SiO2; 1.500kg.ha-1 de SiO2 e 2.000kg.ha-1 de SiO2) aplicados via solo com silicato de cálcio e magnésio a 10,5% em silício, divididos em duas aplicações. Na primeira etapa foram realizados testes para avaliar o desenvolvimento biológico (em casa-de-vegetação e no laboratório), com lagartas de primeiro ínstar provenientes da criação de manutenção, nas primeiras 24 horas após a eclosão. A segunda etapa foi realizada em campo numa área total de 128,5m2, dividida em quatro blocos, onde foram avaliadas as injúrias provocadas pela praga, em quatro épocas diferentes (15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a emergência das plantas), a infestação e a produtividade. Para avaliação de injúrias, utilizou-se uma escala de notas proposta por CARVALHO, (1970). Os dados das notas, obtidas de quatro avaliadores, foram transformados em e as médias submetidas à análise de variância e comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de significância de 5%. Pelos resultados pode-se concluir que a aplicações de silicato de cálcio e magnésio em vasos em casa-de-vegetação, não interferiu no número de ínstares e nem na duração da fase larval e pupal. No entanto, todos os tratamentos que receberam silício interferem positivamente no peso e comprimento de lagartas de S. frugiperda no máximo desenvolvimento. As aplicações de silicato de cálcio e magnésio, em sulco no plantio e em cobertura, não interferem na produtividade e nem nas injúrias provocadas por S. frugiperda na cultura do milho. No entanto, observou-se que a porcentagem de infestação foi menor quando se utilizou 500kg.ha-1 de SiO2, aos 15 e 45 DAE.

Esse trabalho discute a viabilidade de utilização de impressoras domésticas a jato de tinta líquida por sistema termoelétrico para a inserção de microcápsulas em papel. O procedimento experimental, em etapas, consistiu inicialmente da desmontagem do cartucho termoelétrico e da análise por microscopia óptica e estéreo microscopia. A síntese das microcápsulas poliméricas e cerâmicas ocorreu via polimerização por miniemulsão e sol-gel, respectivamente. A caracterização das partículas foi realizada via microscopia eletrônica de varredura - MEV, espectroscopia por energia dispersiva - EDS, granulometria e espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier - FT-IR. As microcápsulas misturadas em tinta, água deionizada e etanol 99,8% através de agitador magnético e sonda ultrassônica foram analisadas por MEV. As tintas puras e as diferentes misturas, com quantidades específicas de tinta e cápsulas, foram submetidas a testes de densidade relativa, viscosidade, granulometria e FT-IR. Já a caracterização dos papéis deu-se por MEV e EDS. Finalizando o procedimento, a impressão da tinta contendo microcápsulas foi avaliada por MEV e FT-IR. Os resultados demonstraram que as dimensões das partículas estão diretamente relacionadas com o desempenho da impressão. O uso de partículas menores, com tamanho médio de 250 nm, mostrou-se eficiente, posto que a dimensão dos pigmentos em tintas a jato está entre 100 e 200 nm e os orifícios no cabeçote dos cartuchos termoelétricos testados possuem aproximadamente 13,5 μm. Dessa forma, o design de produto pode se beneficiar da aplicação de microcápsulas, com dimensões controladas, pelo processo de impressão termoelétrico em materiais fibrosos, porosos ou ocos. / This research discusses the use viability of domestic inkjet liquid printers for thermoelectric system to insert microcapsules in paper. The experimental procedure, in stages, consisted firstly at the disassembly of the thermoelectric cartridge and analysis by optical and stereo microscopy. The polymeric and ceramic microcapsules synthesis occurred by miniemulsion polymerization and sol-gel reaction, respectively. The characterization of the particles was performed by scanning electron microscopy - SEM, energy dispersive system - EDS, granulometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - FT-IR. The microcapsules blended into paint, deionized water and 99.8% ethanol by ultrasonic probe and magnetic stirrer were analyzed by SEM. The pure inks and the different mixtures with specific amounts of ink and capsules were subjected to relative density, viscosity, granulometry and FT-IR tests. Concomitant, the characterization of the papers was performed by SEM and EDS. As a last stage of the experimental procedure, the impression with ink containing microcapsules was assessed by SEM and FT-IR. The results showed that the particle sizes are directly related to the printing performance. The use of smaller particles with an average size of 250 nm was efficient, since the size of the pigments in ink-jet is between 100 and 200 nm and the holes in the head of the thermoelectric cartridges. The holes are 13.5 μm. Therefore, the product design can take advantage of the application of microcapsules, with controlled dimensions, by thermoelectric printing process, in fibrous, porous or hollow materials.