There is little data regarding the prevalence of dementia in South Africa. Estimating such prevalence is problematic as the most commonly used cognitive screening tests are inappropriate for use in non-western populations. For this reason researchers have explored the use of informant questionnaires where relatives provide information on cognitive functioning over the last year. In the South African context Lenger, de Villiers & Louw (1996) conducted a dementia case-ascertainment study in a Xhosa-speaking community near Cape Town using a well-known informant questionnaire, the DECO, and concurrent clinical assessment. Reflecting on the discrepancies between DECO scores and clinical diagnosis, the researchers conducted interviews to explore beliefs and expectations regarding the elderly and cognitive decline. The aims of the current research were to gather comparative data from Bothasig, an English-speaking community, in order to explore areas of commonality and difference in perceptions and attributions regarding cognitive decline in the elderly. The study found that a significant percentage of informants from both Bothasig and Langa consider forgetfulness to be normal in old age. Different discourses around illness in the elderly were identified incorporating a range of medicalised and folk attributions. The discussion showed that informant perceptions within the Langa community may increase the likelihood that observational data provided in informant questionnaires may be confounded by cultural perceptions regarding the elderly. In addition, certain items on the DECO were found to be unsuitable for use across groups and modifications were proposed. The data was analyzed using both quantitative methods and phenomenological discourse analysis. The discussion concluded with metatheoretical reflections on the tension between etic and emic perspectives in cross-cultural research.

Orientador: Francisco José de Souza Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T08:42:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Imura_Noboru_D.pdf: 1713053 bytes, checksum: e1402f0db0c47769868f905b442cf5ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A proposta deste estudo foi avaliar o índice de sucesso e insucesso do tratamento endodôntico original realizado por um especialista. Um total de 1376 dentes foi examinado clínica e radiograficamente e os resultados analisados estatisticamente pelos testes exatos de Pearson ou Fisher e regressão logística multivariável. Todos os testes estatísticos foram realizados com 5% de significância. Dos 1376 dentes que receberam tratamentos endodônticos originais, o índice de sucesso foi de 94%. .A análise multivarável identificou a presença de complicações trans-operatórias (fratura de lima, perfuração e flare-up), assim como a ausência de restauração definitiva durante as proservações como fatores que influíram negativamente nos resultados dos tratamentos endodônticos originais. Os 6% (83 dentes) considerados fracassos receberam específicas intervenções ou simplesmente foram proservados por um tempo maior (na ausência de sinais e sintomas). Decorridos 5-33 anos, a segunda proservação foi feita, e os resultados mostraram índice de sucesso de 72.7% dos dentes submetidos ao retratamento endodôntico. Em caso de fracasso do tratamento endodôntico original, a reintervenção endodôntica apresentou superioridade estatística em relação à complementação com procedimentos cirúrgicos (parendodôntica ou periodontal) / Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the original endodontic treatment outcome performed by an endodontic specialist. A total of 1,376 teeth were examined clinically and radiographically and the results were analyzed statistically by Pearson or Fisher's test and multivariate logistic regression. All tests were performed as two tailed and interpreted at a 5% significance level. The overall endodontic rate was 94%. Multivariate analysis identified the presence of procedural complications (file breakage, perforation and flare-up), as well as the absence of the restorations at follow-ups as the significant predictors of outcome, showing lower rates of success. The 6% (83 teeth) considered failures either received a specific intervention or were simply monitored for a long period (if a reduction of the periapical lesion was evident or signs and symptoms were absent). After at least 5 years or longer, these teeth were again followed-up and the results showed success rate of 72.7%. In cases of original endodontic failure, the nonsurgical endodontic retreatment showed a statistically higher success rate than retreated teeth complemented with periapical surgery or periodontal treatment / Doutorado / Endodontia / Doutor em Clínica Odontológica

M.A. (Social Work) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

This study is concerned with non-heterosexual women, who are commonly known as lalas in China. The conditions for non-heterosexuals in China have been improving since the beginning of the reform period. But despite that the life of lalas is still full of difficulties because how the government, family and market operate is under heavy influence of heterosexism. Compared with other non-heterosexuals such as gay men, the difficulties faced by lalas receive much less attention not only in society but also in academic communities. To address this important but understudied area, this research focuses on the social exclusion faced by lalas and the anti-exclusion strategies they prefer to use. No study has been done on these issues in a systematic way before. The findings of the study serve to enhance our understanding of lalas and develop effective anti-exclusion strategies preferred by them. Moreover, the discussion of the findings of this study is intended to contribute to knowledge advancement especially in identifying the grey areas of the studies of the welfare mix approaches and the adult worker models. Against this background, this research focuses on two main research questions (What are the patterns of social exclusion faced by lalas in China? What are the strategies preferred by lalas in China?) and two supplementary research questions (What are the implications of the study of social exclusion experience of lalas in China on the study of the welfare mix approaches? What are the implications of the study of the social exclusion experience of lalas in China on the study of adult worker models?) Thanks to the 20 lalas informants, this research project obtains their important views on social exclusion through in-depth interviews. Despite the unfavorable conditions for non-heterosexuals to share views about their life in China, the lalas informants provide valuable information about social exclusion (or inclusion) issues they face in their daily life in the past, present and future (such as discriminations in school, work and difficulties to get along with family members) and the ways they try to deal with these issues (such as making plans on contract marriage, migration and cohabitation). This information, supplemented by those obtained from reviews of formal and informal document, and participant observations, provides insights into the examination of the anti-exclusion strategies (such as the RED, SID and social detachment) preferred by them, and the discussion of the importance of developing welfare mix approaches and the adult worker models based on non-heterosexism Furthermore, the findings show the commonalities and differences between lalas in their response to social exclusion. It is important to note that there is a gap between the anti-exclusion strategies many lalas prefer and what they could actually use. It is equally important to note that some lalas could effectively deal with most of the life difficulties and become an invulnerable at least in some period of life. This discovery is useful both in gaining recognition of the unique life experience of each lala, and exploring the possibilities for lalas to tackle their shared problems in joint efforts.

D.Ed. (Didactic Education) / This study is primarily concerned with the notion that curricula can generally be made more viable. Research into the problematic of viable curricula has brought the author to the conclusion that viability of teaching programmes can be traced back to definite PRINCIPLES for curriculum design. The first of the principles which has received prominent attention is that of SITUATION ANALYSIS. It is pointed out that an analysis of all the determinants of a given situation for which a curriculum is to be designed gives a clear indication of what AIMS, GOALS or OBJECTIVES are to be pursued, provided such an analysis cuts to the bone. The aims, in turn point to CONTENTS that are to be handled in the course of the operations. There is a very intimate relationship between aims and content; in the teaching-learning context.

M.Com. / The purpose of this study is to identify important factors for the formulation of a strategy for the management of change within the Johannesburg region of the Allied/United division of ABSA. The need for such a strategy arose after indications of a low level of motivation and a negative climate were identified within the organization. In this study the level of motivation and the climate is tested and the connection of these aspects with the process of change taking place within ABSA is studied. The situations within Allied and United are also compared...

M.A. (Clinical Psychology) / Disappointments in romantic relationships can have distressing and prolonged cognitive, emotional and behavioural effects. This study explored such disappointments in the form of betrayal, rejection and the accompanying beliefs, emotions and behaviours using the Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy theoretical framework. A theory-building positivistic case study design was implemented. Five participants completed a quantitative measure of REBT beliefs, the Shortened General Attitudes and Beliefs Scale, and participated in a semistructured interview. The experience of a romantic betrayal or rejection elicited greater irrational than rational beliefs, and more dysfunctional than functional outcomes (emotions and behaviours) for each participant. The implications for clinical practice are discussed using the REBT theoretical framework.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.