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Modelling issues in repetitive construction and an approach to schedule updatingWilliams, Rhys E. January 1985 (has links)
Planning and control of time and other resources are crucial to the construction of large projects. Yet, current computerized techniques are unable to model the work patterns by which construction personnel plan a project. Furthermore, these methods are not capable of reflecting the day to day changes which must be monitored to control the construction site.
The purpose of this thesis-is to promote the usability of computerized planning and scheduling through the development of the heuristic manner by which construction personnel perceive the project. Site studies held in cooperation with Poole Construction Limited and Foundation Company of Canada were performed using a computer scheduling system at the University of British Columbia which contained a prototype model of repetitive work. It provided insight to the process of repetition and rhythm by which projects are planned and to the requirements of the updating process necessary to monitor, and hence control the project.
Two models evolved. The definition of the general repetitive structure was formulated to provide construction personnel with a tool by which to model the process of repetition. The definition of an updating process was formulated capable of monitoring daily progress on a construction site. Work performed with these models have shown them to be realistic in their approach to construction management. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate
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Revisions in expressive and persuasive compositions by ninth grade writers of superior and randomly selected abilityBarber, Robert Ennis January 1987 (has links)
This research describes the revisions made in expressive and persuasive
compositions by fifteen superior and fifteen randomly selected grade nine students. Each student wrote four papers: a rough draft of an assignment designed to elicit an expressive composition; two to four days later, a revision of the expressive first draft; a rough draft of an assignment designed to elict a persuasive composition; and, finally, a revision of the persuasive first draft. All the revisions made by the students were scored using a taxonomy of revision operations. Three research
questions guided the analysis to determine whether there were differences
in the number and kind of revisions between the expressive and persuasive writing modes, between the superior and randomly selected ability groups, or between the first and second drafts.
Few statistically significant differences were found among the variables
measured. Both ability groups revised expressive writing in much the same ways. About three quarters of revisions in both writing modes involved small units of texts. Over half were surface revisions of spelling,
tense, number or modality, abbreviation, punctuation or format. One third were meaning preserving changes that did not affect the meaning of the text. In persuasive writing, the superior ability group made significantly
fewer revisions. Both ability groups, writing in both modes, performed
about three quarters of all revisions during the second writing session while working on the second draft.
The results of this research offer little evidence of mode or ability related differences in the number or kind of revisions performed on sample essays. Other than fewer revisions in persuasive writing by superior students,
no consistent relation was found between rates or kinds of revision and ability scores. Few writers were observed to use revision effectively to reformulate and improve compositions as do mature, experienced writers. Most revisions performed by this ninth grade sample dealt with surface details. At this age level, it appears, revision is used as a surface and word editing process performed at the end of a writing project. / Education, Faculty of / Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of / Graduate
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Self-esteem components in eating disordered women : body-image disturbance, body dissatisfaction, and cultural and individual body shape idealsMcLagan, Beverley May January 1988 (has links)
This study examined the differences between eating disordered and non-eating disordered women on self-deficits, specifically self-esteem, body-image disturbance, and body dissatisfaction. In addition, the existence of a cultural and individual ideal body shape was investigated. It was expected that eating disordered women, compared to non-eating disordered women would exhibit lower self-esteem, higher body dissatisfaction and a greater degree of body overestimation (as measured by the waist). Furthermore, it was expected that eating disordered women would choose a thinner cultural and individual ideal shape than the non-eating disordered women.
The subjects were 82 females aged 19 to 40 years. The eating disordered group was recruited from a local support group and subjects met either the DSM-III (1980) criteria for anorexia nervosa, or Russell's (1979) criteria for bulimia nervosa. None of these subjects were hospitalized at the time of testing. Non-eating disordered subjects were nursing students recruited from a local college. The Eating Attitudes Test was administered to these subjects as a screening device to ensure that no subjects were included who had a mild eating disorder. All subjects completed a test package: The Eating Attitudes Test; The Adult Self-Perception Profile; The Eating Disorder Inventory; and a demographic sheet. At a second interview, subjects completed a body-image estimation procedure (Askevold, 1975), the cultural and individual ideal questions (Perceived Body Image Scale, Manley & LePage, 1986), and were weighed and measured for height.
A one-way multivariate analysis of variance was computed for measures of self-esteem, body dissatisfaction and body-image disturbance, examining differences between the two groups. Significant differences were found for self-esteem and body dissatisfaction (p < .001), with body-image disturbance approaching significance (p < .06). An investigation of the means revealed that eating.disordered women showed less self-worth, more ineffectiveness and experienced greater body dissatisfaction, than did non-eating disordered women. While body-image disturbance was present in both groups, the eating disordered group showed a slightly greater tendency to overestimate
their waist area than did the non-eating disordered group. A Chi square analysis computed for the cultural and individual ideals revealed the eating disordered group chose a significantly thinner cultural ideal shape (p < .05) and individual ideal shape (p < .001) than the non-eating disordered group. Both groups chose a very narrow range of acceptable female shapes to represent the cultural and individual ideal body shapes. Implications for these results and suggestions for future research are discussed. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate
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The effect of salbutamol on performance in elite non-asthmatic athletesMeeuwisse, Willem H. January 1990 (has links)
The effect of salbutamol on performance was studied in 7 male non-asthmatic elite (VO₂max ≥ 60 ml/kg/min) athletes. The subjects entered the study just prior to their competitive season. Salbutamol (2 puffs=200 µg) or placebo was administered by metered-dose inhaler, through a spacer device, 20 minutes prior to testing in a double-blind, randomized crossover
design. Pulmonary functions including maximum flow volume curves were performed on the first two visits, at 5 intervals (pre-medication, 20 minutes post-medication, and 5, 10, and 20 minutes post-exercise). The first two sessions combined these pulmonary function measures with an exercise bout consisting of a continuously ramped cycle ergometer ride to exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max), peak power, and maximal heart rate. Pulse oximetry was used to measure the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. The next sessions involved performing a 45 minute ride at 70% of VO₂max, followed by a timed sprint to exhaustion. Lastly, a Wingate anaerobic test was used to measure total work and peak power.
There was a non-significant decrease in VO₂max from a mean of 63.5 ml/kg/min (± 3.2) for the placebo (P) trial, to a mean of 62.6 (± 3.3) with salbutamol (S). No difference was found in peak power (P= 438 Watts ±26.3, S= 438 ±27.9) or maximum heart rate (P=191 beats/min ±5.4, S=191 ±6.0). The performance related variables of endurance sprint time (P=104 seconds ±22.8, S= 97 ±31.4), and Wingate peak power (P= 10.12 Watts/kg ±0.57, S= 9.97 ±0.60) showed a non-significant decrease, while the total work performed on the Wingate test (P= 19.30 kJ ±2.09, S= 19.61 ±1.54) displayed a non-significant increase. The data failed to show significance despite using statistical analysis with a level of significance of p<0.20 to maximize the power of the tests.
There was a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in post medication (pre-exercise) forced expiratory volume (FEV₁) of 4.5% with salbutamol. This baseline increase persisted post-exercise, but there was no interaction effect of salbutamol and placebo over time. This represents an expected effect in non-asthmatic individuals, and although statistical significance was achieved, the magnitude of difference is not considered to be clinically significant.
It was concluded that a therapeutic dose of aerosol salbutamol does not have an ergogenic effect in elite non-asthmatic athletes and it is therefore recommended that inhaled salbutamol continue to be permitted in international competition for individuals with exercise induced asthma. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate
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A case study of teachers’ experiences participating in a Ministry of Education technology initiativeDean, Virginia Clare 05 1900 (has links)
This case study was conducted in order to understand the challenges and
experiences of teachers from the Westview School District (pseudonym) participating in
the British Columbia Ministry of Education's Grades 6-9 Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) Initiative. The four levels of teachers for this study
included: 1. staff from the ministry responsible for either coordinating or managing the
Initiative; 2. staff from the district responsible for implementing the Initiative in the
district; 3. mentors who were the teachers responsible for supporting mentees as they
implemented ICTs into their practice; 4. mentees who were the teachers implementing
ICTs into their teaching practice.
The research questions that framed this study are: 1. By participating in the
Initiative did teachers make any changes to their practice, confidence levels and
attitudes towards information and communication technology? 2. How effective was the
mentorship model for implementing information and communication technology? 3.
What factors are necessary to support the adoption of information and communication
technology in teaching practice?
Three methods of data collection were used including interviews, a personal
journal and observation of mentors and mentees. Teachers were given a choice of being
interviewed using either personal, email or mail interviews. From the analysis of the
data, clusters of themes of experiences were identified including; teachers' motivations
and feelings; difficulties with the mentoring relationship; technology issues; satisfaction
and dissatisfaction with the Initiative. In conclusion, outside forces that are beyond the control of educators can
seriously affect the outcome of educational initiatives. In order to counteract these
forces, other means of support including funding must be made available. Time is
required to make substantial changes to teachers' practice and students' learning.
Therefore, technology implementation must be supported over a period of more than
one and a half years before noticeable changes can be made. Mentoring is not a
relationship that can be created for or imposed on people and it requires time to
develop. The complexities of the combination of needs, personalities and skills make
mentoring a difficult relationship to create through a one time initiative. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate
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Multicultural practices of Canadian immigrant youth : "a work in progress"Bisaro, Roberta A. 05 1900 (has links)
This ethnographic study is placed in a space between the principles and laws that come
under the purview of multiculturalism and the way in which they are received and enacted in the
everyday lives of student groups at a secondary school in Vancouver, BC. Using de Certeau's
"logic of action," I view student multicultural practices are viewed as a set of "tactics" measured
according to a principle of "usefulness" set against an official or ideological background of rights
and privileges within a multiculturalism of mutual respect, integration, harmonious intergroup
relations, social cohesion and a shared sense of Canadian identity. Student expressions of
"distinctness," belonging and identity are examined using Charles Taylor's approach to a
"Canadian multiculturalism." Student groups within a locale transform multiculturalism as
policy into a tactical multiculturalism of "distinctness" in which propriety further suggests a
multiculturalism based on recognition and individual rights.
Using the ideas of Charles Taylor and Will Kymlicka, a system of "strong" (cohesive)
and "weak" (fragmenting) multiculturalism is identified in the practices of three institutionally
composed groups of students - "ESL," "Regular," and "IB." This system is further nuanced by
taking account of a richly textured "background" or context in which multiculturalism is
practiced. I arrived at an idea of multiculturality, a stylistic spectrum that varies from a passive
multiculturalism of "distinctness" with its emphasis stereotypical and bounded forms, to an
active style that looks more to historical contingencies and dynamics of context consistent with a
Taylorian multiculturalism of dialogue, a discussion of value moving towards a "fusion of
horizons" (Gadamer). Based on the study, some suggestions are made regarding pedagogical
directions with respect to multiculturality. / Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies / Graduate
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Learning as leverage for change in local government : a case study of Santo André’s GEPAM project from 1998-2003Macnaughton, Alison Elisabeth 05 1900 (has links)
This thesis explores the ways in which a municipal government in Brazil developed itself
as a learning system through the support of a capacity-building project funded by the Canadian
International Development Agency. The project, which began in 1998, focuses on building
capacity for adaptive, community based watershed management in the municipality of Santo
Andre. It involves a team of Canadian partners led by the University of British Columbia Centre
for Human Settlements. Santo Andre is a city of 600,000 people in the Sao Paulo metropolitan
area.
The focus of the thesis is on Santo Andre's planners' perspectives about the individual
learning, and related organizational changes, that were induced by the project. In-depth
interviews were conducted with twenty-one staff holding a variety of planning responsibilities.
The findings are that, while not planned for in the design of the project, learning occurred at three
levels: learning by the planners as individuals engaging in daily practices, learning through
changes in the planners' relationships with one another and with residents of Santo Andre's
Watershed Protection Area, and learning through and about the organisational processes of the
municipal government itself. It is concluded that international capacity-building projects can
contribute to the enhancement of local planning to the extent they are structured to address the
potential for learning at all three of these levels. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate
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The application of economic impact analysis: a case study of Fraser PortTedder, Sinclair John 05 1900 (has links)
The purpose of this thesis is twofold: first, to review the literature on economic
impact analysis in general, and port-economic impact literature in particular;
and second, to use this background to undertake an economic impact
assessment. The case study for this thesis is Fraser Port, which is located along
the lower reaches of the Fraser River in British Columbia's Lower Mainland
metropolitan region. The port is administered by the Fraser River Harbour
Commission. This thesis is about production, people, and the economic
significance of Fraser Port. This thesis is not an analysis of economic impact
theory, but a review and application of port impact identification techniques. All
data and impacts presented relate to 1992.
Ports perform a necessary function in a nation's trading system by providing a
transshipment connection between land and water modes of transport. As
such, the port is strategically connected to the production of the many goods
passing through its facilities. For this thesis, the impact of the various
commodities passing through the port is termed port-associated.
The port also manifests its presence through its daily operations and generates
numerous employment opportunities both within and beyond the confines of the
waterfront. The economic impact driven by this activity is termed port-industry
and most closely reflects the impact of the working waterfront.
To complete the impact assessment of the port-industry category, a survey was
undertaken to collect sales revenue and employment information. This data was then aggregated into specific industry sectors and a total economic impact
was estimated using appropriate economic multipliers. The result was a picture
of direct, indirect, and induced activity resulting from the daily operations of the
port.
The port-associated category was assessed in a slightly different manner. The
value of each cargo was determined and, where appropriate, was assessed for
the economic activity related to its production. This activity is not generated by
the port, but is associated with Fraser Port through the use of its transshipment
services.
The results of the assessment reveal that the port-industry category generates
approximately one quarter of a billion dollars of provincial gross domestic
product (GDP). This led to a total GDP impact across Canada of close to $275
million. Employment amounted to about 2,113 full-time equivalent positions in
B.C. and nearly 3,400 across Canada.
In 1992, the total value of import and export cargo passing through Fraser Port
was approximately $6.1 billion, $3.8 billion of which was international imports.
The remainder, $2.3 billion, was made up of domestic outbound and inbound
cargoes, and international exports.
It is important to recognize that these two categories of port activity are
measures of different effects. The results of the port-industry and port-associated
categories should not be added to produce a total Fraser Port
impact. Adhering to this recommendation will ensure that the figures, and thus
Fraser Port, will not be misrepresented to the public. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate
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The emergence of sociotechnical computer integrated manufacturing at a large corporation: a case studyShakarian, Arek 11 1900 (has links)
The continued assimilation of advanced computing and information technologies in the
workplace in the midst of rapidly changing socioeconomic conditions has led many corporations to
transform their corporate culture and structure. These profound changes are implicating corporate
functions such as planning, design, manufacturing, and marketing. A significant form of corporate
re-structuring has been in the computer and information technology mediated integration of these
functions which is sometimes labeled Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). Fundamental
questions are provoked regarding the reshaping of these emerging modes and relations of
production. Do these developments represent a departure from traditional Taylorist or Fordist
workplace operations and organization? Are these emerging modes of work which generally are
interwoven with Japanese inspired quality improvement programs and associated manufacturing
methods producing a more human-centered workplace? Do these shifts in corporate re-structuring
support the possible unfolding of forms of human-centered workplace democracy?
To critically inquire and address the above questions, a case study was conducted involving
a large manufacturing firm which has been undergoing a radical re-structuring of all its corporate
operations. The case study method involves an analysis of the internal discourse(s) and practice(s)
of an emerging manufacturing facility called the Factory of the Future (FOF) in the context of a
changing corporate culture mediated by computer and information technologies and changing
organizational practices. Many sources of information were appropriated to construct a collage of
textual material in order to present FOF's unique genealogy and to provide a detailed description of
the emerging phenomenon of CIM. Among these were internal documents, videos, and interviews
conducted with factory and office workers.
Based on a critical interpretation of the case study findings a number of provisional
conclusions were reached and may be summarized as follows:
• Certain neo-Taylorist and neo-Fordist modes of production are emerging both in the factory and
office as the transformation of the corporation proceeds toward a CIM mode of operation.
• More human-centered organizational practices have marked the changing corporate culture
although they are at times subject to conflicts and contradictions.
• Managerial power has grown in the midst of computer and information mediated systems, even
though worker participation and involvement in work related decisions has also been enhanced. / Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies / Graduate
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Sociotropy and autonomy and the interpersonal model of depression: an integrationBieling, Peter J. 11 1900 (has links)
Researchers and theorists have suggested that two personality styles may serve
as pathways for the development of depression. One personality style, sociotropy,
involves intense needs for positive interchange with others, whereas the other style,
autonomy, involves an excessive need for self-control and independence. These
personality styles were investigated in the context of Coyne's (1976) interpersonal
model of depression, which suggests that depressed persons are rejected by others.
Research on this model has been equivocal, and it is possible that these two
personality dimensions result in meaningful interpersonal differences within depressed
persons. Depressed outpatients, (N=41) and non-depressed controls (N=41) were
assessed on sociotropy and autonomy and then participated in a brief task in which a
research assistant helped them plan adaptive life changes. These interactions were
rated subjectively and utilizing behavioural coding. Results indicated that a
combination of depression and autonomy were particularly likely to lead to rejection
and less positive interpersonal behaviours. Sociotropy was related to perceptions of
interpersonal deference, whereas depression was associated with self-orientation in
the task. These results suggest that both depression and personality impact rejection
and interpersonal behaviours in social interactions. Overall, this study represents a
significant step toward greater specificity in the interpersonal model of depression, and
clinical implications of these findings are described. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate
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