Th.--Hist.--Helsinki, 1982. / Résumé en anglais. Bibliogr. pp. 320-336. Index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Northeastern University, 2008. / Title from title page (viewed May 27, 2009). Graduate School of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-140).

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T21:59:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_11212_Tese final Jefferson Rodrigues Rocha - PPGFis.2.pdf: 11807144 bytes, checksum: e7554f3495851a3b7970bbfc399a3412 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-26 / Esta tese está baseada na teoria de Bordag sobre a energia de Casimir. Esta proposta relaciona a energia de Casimir entre planos de plasma condutores e a energia térmica na transição em duplas perovskitas ferromagnéticas condutoras. Utilizando esta associação foi possível calcular a temperatura crítica de Curie 𝑇𝑐 relacionando a fração da energia entre planos condutores presentes nesses materiais e o parâmetro de Sommerfeld 𝛾 de cada composto. Para avaliar experimentalmente nossa proposta foram consideradas as temperaturas de transição 𝑇𝑐 e os parâmetros 𝛾 de 3 amostras: 𝑆𝑟2𝐶𝑟𝑅𝑒𝑂6,𝑆𝑟2𝐹𝑒𝑅𝑒𝑂6 e 𝐵𝑎2𝐹𝑒𝑅𝑒𝑂6. Verificamos que para essas amostras a distância 𝑐 entre os planos condutores é associada a temperatura de Curie 𝑇𝑐. Nossa proposta para o cálculo de 𝑇𝑐 é consistente com os valores encontrados na literatura para amostras com essas caracteristicas (ferrometálicas e condutoras). Com base na nossa teoria propusemos a confecção de uma nova amostra que apresentasse um parâmetro 𝑐 similar ao da amostra 𝑆𝑟2𝐶𝑟𝑅𝑒𝑂6 gerando com isso uma temperatura de Curie 𝑇𝑐 ≈ 635𝐾 , a saber: 𝑆𝑟1.8𝑌0.2𝐶𝑟𝑅𝑒𝑂6. Esse novo composto é uma dupla perovskita com caracteristicas metálicas ferromagnéticas e com planos condutores formados por octaedros alternados de 𝑅𝑒𝑂6 e 𝐹𝑒𝑂6 que apresentou 𝑇𝑐 = 635𝐾.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T21:53:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_12443_Tese final Anderson do Nascimento Rouver - PPGFis.pdf: 7826822 bytes, checksum: 699efddb67f054c3c24db75350543c44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-17 / O efeito Casimir foi descoberto em 1948 e a sua relevância do efeito Casimir foi recentemente apontada em estudos sobre materiais como grafeno e cupratos supercondutores de alta temperatura. A relação entre a energia de Casimir e a energia de um condensado supercondutor com anisotropia caracterizada por alta bidimensionalidade já foi discutida em certos cenários teóricos. Este trabalho descreve a relação entre a massa efetiva dos portadores de carga (𝑚* = 𝛼𝑚𝑒, onde 𝑚𝑒 é a massa do elétron) e os parâmetros macroscópicos característicos de várias famílias de Cupratos supercondutores (Cu-HTSC) de alta temperatura crítica (𝑇𝑐) que possuem planos supercondutores de cobre e oxigênio (Cu-O). Verificou-se que existe uma expressão que correlaciona a massa efetiva, o comprimento de penetração de London no plano 𝜆𝑎𝑏, a temperatura crítica 𝑇𝑐 e a distância 𝑑 entre os planos supercondutores equivalentes de Cu-HTSC, revelando um comportamento assintótico de 𝛼 como uma função de 𝑇𝑐 e a linha que descreve o valor ideal de 𝛼 ≃ 2 (𝑚* ≃ 2𝑚𝑒). Isto indica que existe uma região não adiabática, o que implica uma interação portador-rede e onde a temperatura crítica pode ter seu maior valor em Cu-HTSC

We study the time evolution of light fields inside a double cavity which is comprised of two perfect end mirrors and a parametrically driven, partially transmissive central mirror in both a classical and a quantum mechanical framework. It is common practise in the field of optomechanics to take a Hamiltonian approach \cite{aspelmeyer2014cavity} ignoring non-linear coupling terms between the light field and the moving mechanical element. By contrast, we start from the Maxwell wave equation which is second order in time and find that a first order in time Schr\"{o}dinger-type wave equation (equivalent to neglecting the non-linear coupling) is a valid approximation for low enough mirror reflectivity and speed and for large light frequencies. We also study adiabatic dynamics for the Maxwell wave equation and find it differs from the more familiar adiabaticity in the Schr\"{o}dinger equation. Next, we numerically simulate the dynamical Casimir effect (DCE) in the double cavity with a sinusoidally driven central mirror following earlier numerical work on the perfect single cavity \cite{Ruser2006NumericalDCE,ruser2005vibrating,naylor2009dynamical}. Because our central mirror is partially transmissive it is physically more realistic and circumvents fundamental problems associated with having perfectly reflecting moving mirrors \cite{Moore1970DCESingleCavity,barton1993quantum}. The corresponding photon creation rates are drastically lower when compared to the perfectly reflective mirror case. Furthermore, if we make one of the cavities much longer than the other we can simulate the DCE for a single open cavity coupled to an environment without having to make the Markov approximation. The resultant asymmetric double cavity (ADC) model is valid for times short enough that only a negligible number of the photons that has leaked out of the open cavity has sloshed back in again. As for the symmetric case, one advantage of the ADC is that driven mirror is partially transmissive rather than perfectly reflecting. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The Casimir force for charge-neutral, perfect conductors of non-planar geometric configurations have been investigated. The configurations were: (1) the plate-hemisphere, (2) the hemisphere-hemisphere and (3) the spherical shell. The resulting Casimir forces for these physical arrangements have been found to be attractive. The repulsive Casimir force found by Boyer for a spherical shell is a special case requiring stringent material property of the sphere, as well as the specific boundary conditions for the wave modes inside and outside of the sphere. The necessary criteria in detecting Boyer's repulsive Casimir force for a sphere are discussed at the end of this thesis. / Ph. D.

All substances above zero kelvin temperature emit fluctuating electromagnetic waves due to the random motions of charge carriers. Controlling the spectral and directional radiative properties of surfaces has wide applications in energy harvesting and thermal management. Artificial metamaterials have attracted much attention in the last decade due to their unprecedented optical and thermal properties beyond those existing in nature. This dissertation aims at tailoring radiative properties at infrared regime and enhancing the near-field radiative heat transfer by employing metamaterials. A comprehensive study is performed to investigate the extraordinary transmission, negative refraction, and tunable perfect absorption of infrared light. A polarizer is designed with an extremely high extinction ratio based on the extraordinary transmission through perforated metallic films. The extraordinary transmission of metallic gratings can be enhanced and tuned if a single layer of graphene is covered on top. Metallic metamaterials are not the unique candidate supporting exotic optical properties. Thin films of doped silicon nanowires can support negative refraction of infrared light due to the presence of hyperbolic dispersion. Long doped-silicon nanowires are found to exhibit broadband tunable perfect absorption. Besides the unique far-field properties, near-field radiative heat transfer can be mediated by metamaterials. Bringing objects with different temperatures close can enhance the radiative heat flux by orders of magnitude beyond the limit set by the Stefan-Boltzmann law. Metamaterials provide ways to make the energy transport more efficient. Very high radiative heat fluxes are shown based on carbon nanotubes, nanowires, and nanoholes using effective medium theory (EMT). The quantitative application condition of EMT is presented for metallodielectric metamaterials. Exact formulations including the scattering theory and Green’s function method are employed to investigate one- and two-dimensional gratings as well as metasurfaces when the period is not sufficiently small. New routes for enhancing near-field radiative energy transport are opened based on proposed hybridization of graphene plasmons with hyperbolic modes, hybridization of graphene plasmons with surface phonon modes, or hyperbolic graphene plasmons with open surface plasmon dispersion relation. Noncontact solid-state refrigeration is theoretically demonstrated to be feasible based on near-field thermal radiation. In addition, the investigation of near-field momentum exchange (Casimir force) between metamaterials is also conducted. Simultaneous enhancement of the near-field energy transport and suppress of the momentum exchange is theoretically achieved. A design based on repulsive Casimir force is proposed to achieve tunable stable levitation. The dissertation helps to understand the fundamental radiative energy transport and momentum exchange of metamaterials, and has significant impacts on practical applications such as design of nanoscale thermal and optical devices, local thermal management, thermal imaging beyond the diffraction limit, and thermophotovoltaic energy harvesting.

We compute the Casimir energy of a massless scalar field obeying the Robin boundary condition on one plate and the Dirichlet boundary condition on another plate for two parallel plates with a separation of alpha. The Casimir energy densities for general dimensions (D = d + 1) are obtained as functions of alpha and beta by studying the cylinder kernel. We construct an infinite-series solution as a sum over classical paths. The multiple-reflection analysis continues to apply. We show that finite Casimir energy can be obtained by subtracting from the total vacuum energy of a single plate the vacuum energy in the region (0,∞)x R^d-1. In comparison with the work of Romeo and Saharian(2002), the relation between Casimir energy and the coeffcient beta agrees well.

University, Diss., 2004--Tübingen.

Casimir and Casimir-Polder effects are forces between electrically neutral bodies and particles in vacuum, arising entirely from quantum fluctuations. The modification to the vacuum electromagnetic-field modes imposed by the presence of any particle or surface can result in these mechanical forces, which are often the dominant interaction at small separations. These effects play an increasingly critical role in the operation of micro- and nano-mechanical systems as well as miniaturized atomic traps for precision sensors and quantum-information devices. Despite their fundamental importance, calculations present theoretical and numeric challenges, and precise atom-surface potential measurements are lacking in many geometric and distance regimes. The spectroscopic measurement of Casimir-Polder-induced energy level shifts in optical-lattice trapped atoms offers a new experimental method to probe atom-surface interactions. Strontium, the current front-runner among optical frequency metrology systems, has demonstrated characteristics ideal for such precision measurements. An alkaline earth atom possessing ultra-narrow intercombination transitions, strontium can be loaded into an optical lattice at the “magic” wavelength where the probe transition is unperturbed by the trap light. Translation of the lattice will permit controlled transport of tightly-confined atomic samples to well-calibrated atom- surface separations, while optical transition shifts serve as a direct probe of the Casimir-Polder potential. We have constructed a strontium magneto-optical trap (MOT) for future Casimir-Polder experiments. This thesis will describe the strontium apparatus, initial trap performance, and some details of the proposed measurement procedure.