Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1982.

In the first essay, I demonstrate that during the 1970s, the marital behavior of US Catholics changed dramatically relative to that of the total population. The Catholic marriage rate, that is, the number of Catholic marriages per 1000 Catholics, decreased nearly 20 percent relative to the civil marriage rate. Before and after this time period, the two rates moved in unison. Empirically, I find that the Catholic reforms and encyclicals of the 1960s, that is, Vatican II and Humanae Vitae, led to a decrease in the Catholic marriage rate relative to the civil marriage rate and that the reform of civil divorce law had no effect on this relative rate. In the second essay, I expand the analysis of the previous essay and test whether a negative response among US Catholics to the reforms of Vatican II and to Humanae Vitae is able to explain the increase in the civil marriage rate, the decrease in the Catholic marriage rate, and the increase in the interfaith marriage rate seen in the data. To do this, I construct an original model that treats marriage as a set of two contracts, one civil and one religious, with the benefit and cost of the religious contract depending upon a social complementarity. The theory and the data match if the primary effect of 1960s Catholic reform was to decrease the benefit of a Catholic marriage. In the third essay, I examine the link between religiosity and the incidence of domestic abuse and model sanctification as the pathway connecting the two. Sanctification is "a psychological process through which aspects of life are perceived by people as having spiritual character or significance"[25]. In the model, the abuser must his choose level of abuse, and both abuser and abused must allocate a scarce amount of time between the production of a marital good and a personal consumption good. Sanctification is modeled as an increase in the return to time invested in the marital good. Theoretically, abuse increases in both spouses' level of sanctification and the wife's productivity and decreases in the husband's productivity. This partially agrees with the data. / text

Submitted by Fernando Souza (fernandoafsou@gmail.com) on 2017-07-31T14:53:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivototal.pdf: 2161546 bytes, checksum: 197149b0d713e695b64a3d45eab62a35 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-31T14:53:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivototal.pdf: 2161546 bytes, checksum: 197149b0d713e695b64a3d45eab62a35 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-17 / From the day Benedict XVI was elected Pope by the Conclave (April 19, 2005) his speech became a spotlight and his words took on universal proportions, not least because he was positioned not only religious themes, but above all, of social interest, such as: economics, consumerism, marriage and divorce. These last two themes, in particular, caused a lot of upheaval in the Brazilian media because of the publication of the Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Sacrament Caritatis (AESC) published on February 22, 2007, which deals about the Eucharist, and in one of its sub-theme of the indissolubility of the marriage. The media, with the intention of spectacular the information, printed in the covers of printed and virtual newspapers that Pope Benedict XVI called the second marriage of social plague. With its emphasis in the word “plague”, the Pontiff’s statement provoked numerous replicas. In this context, it is objet of study in this thesis the dialogical analysis of replicas in the genre online commentary about the Christian-Catholic marriage. In this way, we try to answer the follow question: how does the active responsive understanding to concrete statements about the second Christian-Catholic marriage take place in the online commentary genre? In order to answer this question, it is our general objective to observe how dialogical relations and their ideological effects are given in the online comment genre. The methodology of data analysis was based on the social method of dialogical analysis of language proposed by Bakhtin/Volochinov (2010) whose methodological order for the study of language, starts from the types of verbal interaction then the statements and their genres and the forms of the language. The research corpus consists of two sets of data. One is the Pos-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Sacrament Caritatis and the second is composed by online, commentaries that have emerged as answer to this exhortation. The comments were taken from pages of larges portals, newspapers, forums and blogs, all posted in 2007, year in which the statement was built. The results of research indicate that: a) the concrete statement materializes from its sphere of production/circulation/reception. Thus, for the Christian-Catholic doctrine, marriage is a religious affair, because it is a bond established by God himself. Therefore, the divorce or any other practice that violates this sacrament is not possible; b) its social context cannot be removed from the word, because it is embedded in pragmatic situation that surrounds it. Thus, each word occupies the sense that they give to the sphere of circulation, the speakers, the situation of production, the ideologies, etc. In this way, the meaning is as plural as the contexts, which in turn are not ready, inert, but always in situation of verbal interaction; the subject does not have an alibi that exempt him from a subject of response, that is, when we are in front of a statement we are impelled to respond to him, albeit tardily, silently, verbally, gesture, etc. since we have with him a relation active responsive; d) the replica is constitutive of the dialogical relations that the subjects establish among themselves. Without a subject, without a dialogical relation, there is no replica. / Desde o dia em que Bento XVI foi eleito Papa pelo Conclave (19 de abril de 2005), seu discurso tornou-se alvo de holofotes e suas palavras tomaram proporções universais, até porque ele se posicionou não apenas sobre temas religiosos, mas, sobretudo, de interesse social, como economia, consumismo, casamento e divórcio. Estes dois últimos temas, em particular, causaram muito alvoroço na mídia brasileira por causa da divulgação da Exortação Apostólica Pós-Sinodal Sacramentum Caritatis (EASC), publicada em 22/02/2007, que trata da Eucaristia e, em um de seus subtemas, da indissolubidade do matrimônio. A mídia, com a intenção de espetacularizar a informação, estampou nas capas de jornais impressos e virtuais que o Papa Bento XVI chamou o segundo casamento de praga social. Com o tom valorativo na palavra “praga”, o enunciado do Pontífice suscitou inúmeras réplicas. Nesse contexto, constitui nosso objeto de estudo nessa tese a análise dialógica de réplicas no gênero comentário on-line sobre o segundo casamento cristão-católico. Desse modo, buscamos responder a seguinte questão: como a compreensão responsiva ativa a enunciados concretos sobre o segundo casamento cristão-católico se realiza no gênero comentário on-line? Para responder a tal questão, constitui nosso objetivo geral observar como se dão as relações dialógicas e seus efeitos ideológicos no gênero comentário on-line. A metodologia de análise dos dados baseou-se no método sociológico de análise dialógica da linguagem, proposto por Bakhtin/Volochinov (2010), cuja ordem metodológica para o estudo da língua parte dos tipos de interação verbal, em seguida dos enunciados e seus gêneros e das formas da língua. O corpus da pesquisa está composto por dois conjuntos de dados. Um é a Exortação Apostólica Pós-Sinodal Sacramentum Caritatis e o segundo está composto por comentários on-line, que surgiram como respostas a essa exortação. Os comentários foram retirados de páginas virtuais de grandes portais, jornais, fóruns e blogs, todos postados no ano de 2007, ano em que o enunciado foi construído. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que: a) o enunciado concreto se materializa a partir de sua esfera de produção/circulação/recepção. Assim, para a doutrina cristã-católica, o matrimônio é assunto religioso, porque é um vínculo estabelecido pelo próprio Deus. Logo, é incabível o divórcio ou qualquer outra prática que atente contra esse sacramento; b) não se pode retirar da palavra seu contexto social, pois ela está embebida da situação pragmática que a envolve. Assim, cada palavra ocupa o sentido que lhe conferem a esfera de circulação, os falantes, a situação de produção, as ideologias etc. Desse modo, o sentido é tão plural quanto os contextos, que por sua vez não estão prontos, inertes, mas sempre em situação de interação verbal; c) o sujeito não tem álibi que lhe isente de ser um sujeito de resposta, ou seja, quando estamos diante de um enunciado, somos impelidos a responder a ele, ainda que tardiamente, silenciosamente, verbalmente, gestualmente etc., pois temos com ele uma relação responsiva ativa; d) a réplica é constitutiva das relações dialógicas que os sujeitos estabelecem entre si. Sem sujeito, sem relação dialógica, não existe réplica.

This dissertation deals with an ethical analysis of marriage relationships among Tswana speaking Catholics in the light of the understandings of marriage of both the African and Christian traditions. These traditions have certain practices and perspectives that, if they are put together, can enrich marriage in all its aspects. The first two chapters analyse the practices and perspectives of marriage within the African and Christian traditions, while the third compares and contrasts them. The aspects dealt with are a) compatible values from African and Christian marriage and b) incompatible values from African and Christian marriages. In chapter four, the role of the Church in restoring the purpose and the meaning of marriage and what it can do to improve Catholic marriage relationships among Tswana speaking people are discussed and some practical suggestions are proposed. / Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Theological Ethics)

This theses is focused on the description of the evaluation in ethical plane of the domestic violence. This theses is divided into four chapters. The first chapter focuses on domestic violence and its overall characteristics. In the second chapter there are described and analyzed aspects of domestic violence, as a negotiation of men against external and internal freedom of women in the context of domestic violence. The third chapter describes relationship between man and women, civil and religious (Catholic) marriage and moral ideals which are represented by these forms of marriage. In the fourth chapter is evaluated deformation of relationship between men and women in the view of moral ideals of marriage and after a brief introduction of selected ethical theories and principles even from their point of view.

This dissertation deals with an ethical analysis of marriage relationships among Tswana speaking Catholics in the light of the understandings of marriage of both the African and Christian traditions. These traditions have certain practices and perspectives that, if they are put together, can enrich marriage in all its aspects. The first two chapters analyse the practices and perspectives of marriage within the African and Christian traditions, while the third compares and contrasts them. The aspects dealt with are a) compatible values from African and Christian marriage and b) incompatible values from African and Christian marriages. In chapter four, the role of the Church in restoring the purpose and the meaning of marriage and what it can do to improve Catholic marriage relationships among Tswana speaking people are discussed and some practical suggestions are proposed. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Theological Ethics)