The researcher focused on developing a psycho-developmental programme that could be used as an intervention technique to combat teenage pregnancy. The literature research indicated that general factors contributing to teenage pregnancy could be divided into individual factors and social factors. The following individual factors played a major role towards teenage pregnancy: lack of knowledge, lack of future vision, lack of educational and personal goals and poor academic performance. Social factors such as poor health care services, poor socio-economic condition, unemployment and poverty could be seen as the most common general factors that lead to teenage pregnancy. Family disorientation because of families consisting of one parent, alcohol and drug abuse, and lack of parent support increase the risk to get involved in prostitution and sexual molesting ending up in teenage pregnancy. Psychological aspects such as low self-image, low self-concept, low self-esteem and an external locus of control are also contributing factors to teenage pregnancy. Cultural rituals, myths about sexuality and teenage pregnancy, poor recreational facilities, poor socio-economic condition leading to poverty and increasing the risk of becoming a victim of sexual abuse could be seen as the most common cultural factors which lead to teenage pregnancy. For the purpose of this research a cultural quasi-experimental design was used. Enrolled pupils between fourteen and sixteen years from the following culture groups: white, black (rural), black (urban) and brown were included in this research. These pupils were enrolled students from the following High Schools in Parys: Parys High School, Phehelang High School, Barnard Molekwane High School, Weiveld High School and Sckonkinville High School. All the pupils from the control group, experimental group and development groups were exposed to the completion of a questionnaire that was utilised for pre-testing as well as post-testing. This questionnaire consisted out of three dimensions: knowledge on sexuality, attitudes towards sexuality and myths occurring in connection with sexuality. This questionnaire is available in Afrikaans and Sotho. Only the experimental group was exposed to the psycho-development programme. The results of the research indicated that no differences between the research groups (experimental, development and control groups), age (14 - 16 years) and gender (male and female) groups were reported before the implementation of the psycho-educational programme. Only statistical differences in the cultural groups (white, black and brown) were found: between white and brown in connection with knowledge, attitudes and myths, and between white and black differences in connection with knowledge and myths. Between brown and black differences were found in connection with attitudes. The results after the implementation of the psycho-educational programme showed that no differences were found in connection with age and gender. The experimental group reported a positive change in attitudes towards teenage pregnancy, while knowledge increased in the development group. No changes were reported in the control group. Within the different cultural groups the following results were reported: Knowledge increased in the white group, while within the black group changes in knowledge, attitudes and myths were found. The results for the brown group did not report any change. The following conclusion could be made that the developed psycho-educational programme did have an impact on improving the knowledge and changing the attitudes of the study population in connection with sexuality and teenage pregnancy. The limitations of this research were identified and recommendations were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2007.

The researcher focused on developing a psycho-developmental programme that could be used as an intervention technique to combat teenage pregnancy. The literature research indicated that general factors contributing to teenage pregnancy could be divided into individual factors and social factors. The following individual factors played a major role towards teenage pregnancy: lack of knowledge, lack of future vision, lack of educational and personal goals and poor academic performance. Social factors such as poor health care services, poor socio-economic condition, unemployment and poverty could be seen as the most common general factors that lead to teenage pregnancy. Family disorientation because of families consisting of one parent, alcohol and drug abuse, and lack of parent support increase the risk to get involved in prostitution and sexual molesting ending up in teenage pregnancy. Psychological aspects such as low self-image, low self-concept, low self-esteem and an external locus of control are also contributing factors to teenage pregnancy. Cultural rituals, myths about sexuality and teenage pregnancy, poor recreational facilities, poor socio-economic condition leading to poverty and increasing the risk of becoming a victim of sexual abuse could be seen as the most common cultural factors which lead to teenage pregnancy. For the purpose of this research a cultural quasi-experimental design was used. Enrolled pupils between fourteen and sixteen years from the following culture groups: white, black (rural), black (urban) and brown were included in this research. These pupils were enrolled students from the following High Schools in Parys: Parys High School, Phehelang High School, Barnard Molekwane High School, Weiveld High School and Sckonkinville High School. All the pupils from the control group, experimental group and development groups were exposed to the completion of a questionnaire that was utilised for pre-testing as well as post-testing. This questionnaire consisted out of three dimensions: knowledge on sexuality, attitudes towards sexuality and myths occurring in connection with sexuality. This questionnaire is available in Afrikaans and Sotho. Only the experimental group was exposed to the psycho-development programme. The results of the research indicated that no differences between the research groups (experimental, development and control groups), age (14 - 16 years) and gender (male and female) groups were reported before the implementation of the psycho-educational programme. Only statistical differences in the cultural groups (white, black and brown) were found: between white and brown in connection with knowledge, attitudes and myths, and between white and black differences in connection with knowledge and myths. Between brown and black differences were found in connection with attitudes. The results after the implementation of the psycho-educational programme showed that no differences were found in connection with age and gender. The experimental group reported a positive change in attitudes towards teenage pregnancy, while knowledge increased in the development group. No changes were reported in the control group. Within the different cultural groups the following results were reported: Knowledge increased in the white group, while within the black group changes in knowledge, attitudes and myths were found. The results for the brown group did not report any change. The following conclusion could be made that the developed psycho-educational programme did have an impact on improving the knowledge and changing the attitudes of the study population in connection with sexuality and teenage pregnancy. The limitations of this research were identified and recommendations were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2007.

In view of the unprecedented escalation in unplanned teenage pregnancies in South Africa, this research study sought to explore contributing factors, consequences, challenges, needs and coping strategies surrounding teenage pregnancy. The study was based on a qualitative research paradigm. The research used purposive sampling as a strategy to target three particular categories of individuals for investigations (i.e. parents/caregivers, teenagers and teachers). Semi-structured interview schedules were the instruments used to gather data during face-to-face interviews with the participants. The sample consisted of eight teenage mothers and one expectant teenage mother in Grade 9 to Grade 12; six parents who had children who had experienced teenage pregnancy and six teachers who were or are teaching teenagers. In order to analyze the qualitative data, a typical form of thematic content analysis was utilised. The main conclusion based on the research findings was that the challenges, needs and coping strategies perceived by the three groups of participants were similar and associated with one another. Although most of the most of the findings coming to the fore have also been apparent in previous research studies, it enhanced the knowledge and understanding of the phenomenon of teenage pregnancy from a triangulation perspective, namely teenagers and primary role players in their lives. It is hoped that the recommendations made, based on the research findings, will lead to improved social work intervention strategies, and services offered by other people responsible for addressing this social problem in the South African context..

A doutrina costuma apontar como efeitos dos fatos jurídicos a criação, a modificação ou a extinção de relações jurídicas. Os textos doutrinários normalmente desenvolvem o estudo dos fatos jurídicos que criam relações jurídicas; o presente trabalho, porém, se dedica aos fatos jurídicos tendentes a modificar relações jurídicas anteriormente criadas, restringindo-se ao campo das obrigações. Primeiramente, deve-se buscar um critério: modificação do direito isolado ou da relação jurídica? Como nas relações jurídicas complexas há diversos direitos e deveres recíprocos, a extinção de um direito pode levar apenas à modificação da relação jurídica integralmente considerada. Se Savigny já entendia que um juízo acerca do direito só pode ser verdadeiro quando fundado na compreensão completa da relação jurídica, hoje há renovadas razões para que se adote um critério relacional: a relação obrigacional tem sido vista como um processo, o que leva a um reforço de sua identidade com a inclusão de um elemento finalístico. As ideias de modificação e identidade estão vinculadas, pois, se a \"modificação\" leva à perda da identidade, a relação jurídica na verdade foi extinta. Quanto ao tema das modificações, a maior parte da doutrina parece tratar apenas da \"transmissão das obrigações\". Outros, ao lado dessas modificações subjetivas, tratam de modificações objetivas, normalmente restringindo-se às efetuadas por negócio jurídico. A classificação de Pontes de Miranda, porém, parece servir de referencial para o presente trabalho: quanto às modificações \"sem quebra da identidade da relação jurídica\", o autor aponta modificações negociais, alterações por dolo e culpa, por força maior e caso fortuito, por impossibilidade de adimplemento e, por fim, por mora do devedor e do credor. / Current legal theory generally considers the effects of legal facts (those resulting from the correlation between facts and norms) on the creation, modification or termination of legal relationships. While most authors addresses how legal facts create these relationships, the present study is devoted to legal facts tending to modify the legal relationship, particularly in the field of the Law of Obligations (duty to perform). At first, a criterion must be determined: modification of the isolated right or modification of the Obligation? In \"complex\" obligational relationships, there are many mutual rights and duties, such that the extinction of a right can result only in the modification of the relationship fully considered. Long ago, Savigny asserted that a reasonable analysis of a right must be based on a thorough understanding of the legal relationship at issue. There are now renewed reasons to adopt these relational criteria when analyzing legal relationships. The obligational relationship may be seen as a process, which leads to the reinforcement of its identity with the inclusion of a finalistic element. The ideas of modification and identity are linked, because if a \"change\" leads to the loss of identity, the legal relationship may, in fact, have been terminated. Most of the authors on the subject of modifications addresses the \"transfer of obligations\". Some other studies, beside these subjective modifications, addresses objective modifications, usually restricted to those made by agreement. The \"Pontes de Miranda\" classification, may serve as a useful reference when analyzing the issue of modifications. The author points to modifications by agreement, changes by dolus and culpa (fault, tort law and breach of contract), by force majeure or unforeseeable circumstances, impossibility of performance, and, ultimately, by the mora debitoris and mora creditoris/accipiendi (default, delay of performance) as modifications \"without breaking the identity of the legal relationship\".

This thesis is dealing with the issue of risk management during order processing in manufacturing company, which is focused on textile production. Introduction of thesis is presenting theroretical basis. Practical part of the thesis is dealing with company introduction organizational structure of the body, product range, order progressing, OSH policy and environmental policy. Tools chosen for risk assessment techniques - analysis of the causes and consequences (Ishikawa diagram), analysis of possible errors and their consequences (FMEA) and the Pareto chart. The thesis aims to analyze the risks and for the most significant risks to process proposals for their elimination.

A doutrina costuma apontar como efeitos dos fatos jurídicos a criação, a modificação ou a extinção de relações jurídicas. Os textos doutrinários normalmente desenvolvem o estudo dos fatos jurídicos que criam relações jurídicas; o presente trabalho, porém, se dedica aos fatos jurídicos tendentes a modificar relações jurídicas anteriormente criadas, restringindo-se ao campo das obrigações. Primeiramente, deve-se buscar um critério: modificação do direito isolado ou da relação jurídica? Como nas relações jurídicas complexas há diversos direitos e deveres recíprocos, a extinção de um direito pode levar apenas à modificação da relação jurídica integralmente considerada. Se Savigny já entendia que um juízo acerca do direito só pode ser verdadeiro quando fundado na compreensão completa da relação jurídica, hoje há renovadas razões para que se adote um critério relacional: a relação obrigacional tem sido vista como um processo, o que leva a um reforço de sua identidade com a inclusão de um elemento finalístico. As ideias de modificação e identidade estão vinculadas, pois, se a \"modificação\" leva à perda da identidade, a relação jurídica na verdade foi extinta. Quanto ao tema das modificações, a maior parte da doutrina parece tratar apenas da \"transmissão das obrigações\". Outros, ao lado dessas modificações subjetivas, tratam de modificações objetivas, normalmente restringindo-se às efetuadas por negócio jurídico. A classificação de Pontes de Miranda, porém, parece servir de referencial para o presente trabalho: quanto às modificações \"sem quebra da identidade da relação jurídica\", o autor aponta modificações negociais, alterações por dolo e culpa, por força maior e caso fortuito, por impossibilidade de adimplemento e, por fim, por mora do devedor e do credor. / Current legal theory generally considers the effects of legal facts (those resulting from the correlation between facts and norms) on the creation, modification or termination of legal relationships. While most authors addresses how legal facts create these relationships, the present study is devoted to legal facts tending to modify the legal relationship, particularly in the field of the Law of Obligations (duty to perform). At first, a criterion must be determined: modification of the isolated right or modification of the Obligation? In \"complex\" obligational relationships, there are many mutual rights and duties, such that the extinction of a right can result only in the modification of the relationship fully considered. Long ago, Savigny asserted that a reasonable analysis of a right must be based on a thorough understanding of the legal relationship at issue. There are now renewed reasons to adopt these relational criteria when analyzing legal relationships. The obligational relationship may be seen as a process, which leads to the reinforcement of its identity with the inclusion of a finalistic element. The ideas of modification and identity are linked, because if a \"change\" leads to the loss of identity, the legal relationship may, in fact, have been terminated. Most of the authors on the subject of modifications addresses the \"transfer of obligations\". Some other studies, beside these subjective modifications, addresses objective modifications, usually restricted to those made by agreement. The \"Pontes de Miranda\" classification, may serve as a useful reference when analyzing the issue of modifications. The author points to modifications by agreement, changes by dolus and culpa (fault, tort law and breach of contract), by force majeure or unforeseeable circumstances, impossibility of performance, and, ultimately, by the mora debitoris and mora creditoris/accipiendi (default, delay of performance) as modifications \"without breaking the identity of the legal relationship\".

This thesis deals with motivation of long-term unemployed when looking for a job. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with basic overview of theories of motivation and motivation to work. It also defines basic concepts regarding long- term unemployment. In connection with the issue it describes a system of material poverty, unemployment and abuse of social benefits. The final chapter of this section is devoted to a summary of the theoretical part. The practical part of the work contains the results of a research. Qualitative method and semi- structured interviews with beneficiaries in material need were used for data acquisition. The aim of the research is to understand what factors influence the motivation of long-term unemployed when looking for a job and when trying to solve their social situation. Part of this section is the interpretation of the results of the research and its evaluation.

The Battle of Kadesh fought between the Hittites and Egyptians in Syria is one of the biggest chariot battles in ancient Near Eastern history. Previous research has shown that the significance of the Battle of Kadesh is derived predominately from a tactical and strategic level. This dissertation introduces the idea that although this is a tactical battle, its overall importance comes from applying a holistic approach, in particular, investigating the causes and consequences, alongside the battle. By extending prior work on tactics and strategy to include an identified cause, the Zannanza Affair, and the consequences, the Treaty of Kadesh and the Royal Marriages it makes allowances for a wider evaluation of the battle. Attention is paid to textual, iconographical and archaeological sources to gain a better understanding of the battle. The findings provide support for the argument that the murder of the Hittite prince in the Zannanza Affair led to crucial military innovations and operational changes adopted by the Hittites and Egyptians, which impacted how they fought on the battlefield. While a considerable amount of research has been done on the Hittite and Egyptian military organisations, the role of the elite units on the battlefield has largely not been explored. The Treaty of Kadesh and the Royal Marriages were a critical turning point in Hittite-Egyptian relations offering a strong alliance and unprecedented peace in the ancient Near East. Traditionally, the Battle of Kadesh has been viewed as a tactical battle. However, for further advances, the contribution of this study prompts a rethinking of the latter by placing the operational details of the battle in a broader context encouraging new research on the social, cultural and political aspects, which is crucial for the understanding of the importance of the Battle of Kadesh, on and off the battlefield. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M. A. (Ancient Near Eastern Studies)

This study focussed on determining the knowledge and understanding of Angolan women pertaining to the causes and consequences of HIV/AIDS with the aim of developing an information leaflet about HIV/AIDS for disseminating information to the vulnerable community. A quantitative approach was applied using an exploratory and descriptive design, utilising a self-developed questionnaire to collect the data, from 100 females who accompanied sick children to a specific hospital in Luanda. The findings indicated that even though the respondents were aware of certain key issues in the transmission and consequences of the HIV infection, there were many areas in which a great measure of uncertainty existed such as the causes of the disease, prevention methods, risk factors and precautions to take when living with an HIV positive person. Recommendations were made in view of enhancing the distribution of information regarding the causes and consequences of HIV and AIDS by means of different structures. / HEALTH STUDIES / MA (HEALTH STUDIES)

1 Abstract The Podgorica Assembly 1918, its causes and consequences This dissertation deals with the causes and consequences of the Podgorica Assembly (Serbian: Подгоричка скупштина / Podgorička skupština) held in late 1918. As this work is a continuation of my doctoral thesis entitled The Origins of Constitutionalism and Parliamentarianism in Montenegro in the 1918, let me briefly outline the content of my doctoral thesis as it already analyzed some of the primary causes of the Podgorica Assembly (1918). The doctoral thesis deals with the Constitution of the Principality of Montenegro in 1905, its model rules, the process of drafting and adoption of the Constitution as well as with the analysis of the particular provisions of the Constitution and its comparison with the relevant provisions of other selected European Constitutions of that time. Also the constitutional and parliamentary procedures on the establishment of the particular government and their programs, relevant political parties and their profiles, elections, political struggles and other processes relevant to the constitutionalism and parliamentarianism in Montenegrin society in the period from 1905 to 1914, respectively, from the first edition of the Constitution of Montenegro in the First World War, were discussed. This dissertation covers...