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1	The battle of Kadesh : its causes and consequences Witham, Dorothy Natalie 08 1900 (has links) The Battle of Kadesh fought between the Hittites and Egyptians in Syria is one of the biggest chariot battles in ancient Near Eastern history. Previous research has shown that the significance of the Battle of Kadesh is derived predominately from a tactical and strategic level. This dissertation introduces the idea that although this is a tactical battle, its overall importance comes from applying a holistic approach, in particular, investigating the causes and consequences, alongside the battle. By extending prior work on tactics and strategy to include an identified cause, the Zannanza Affair, and the consequences, the Treaty of Kadesh and the Royal Marriages it makes allowances for a wider evaluation of the battle. Attention is paid to textual, iconographical and archaeological sources to gain a better understanding of the battle. The findings provide support for the argument that the murder of the Hittite prince in the Zannanza Affair led to crucial military innovations and operational changes adopted by the Hittites and Egyptians, which impacted how they fought on the battlefield. While a considerable amount of research has been done on the Hittite and Egyptian military organisations, the role of the elite units on the battlefield has largely not been explored. The Treaty of Kadesh and the Royal Marriages were a critical turning point in Hittite-Egyptian relations offering a strong alliance and unprecedented peace in the ancient Near East. Traditionally, the Battle of Kadesh has been viewed as a tactical battle. However, for further advances, the contribution of this study prompts a rethinking of the latter by placing the operational details of the battle in a broader context encouraging new research on the social, cultural and political aspects, which is crucial for the understanding of the importance of the Battle of Kadesh, on and off the battlefield. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M. A. (Ancient Near Eastern Studies) Syria Hittites Egyptians Causes and consequences Zannanza Affair Kadesh Treaty Royal Marriage Military organisation Operational changes Innovation Three-man chariot Ramesses II Muwatallis II 932.014 Ramses II, King of Egypt Muwatalli II, King of the Hittites Kadesh, Battle of, Kadesh, ca. 1300 B.C. Strategy Military history, Ancient Hittites -- History Syria -- History -- To 333 B.C.
2	Reigns of Hattušili III, Puduhepa and their son, Tudhaliya IV, ca 1267-1228 BCE Van der Ryst, Anna Francina Elizabeth 11 1900 (has links) In this dissertation, I investigate the impact of the extended religious and political elements in the ancient Near East of the Late Bronze period that influenced the reigns of Hattušili III, his consort, Queen Puduhepa, circa 1267 to 1237 BCE and their son Tudhaliya IV circa 1237 to 1228 BCE. As rulers of the Hittites, they were not the greatest and most influential royals, like the great Suppiluliuma I circa 1322 to 1344 BCE, but their ability to adopt an eclectic approach similar to that of their great predecessors regarding religion, politics, international diplomacy and signing treaties made this royal triad a force to be reckoned with in the ancient Near East. Therefore, central to this investigation will be the impact of Hattušili III’s usurpation of the throne and Puduhepa’s role in the Hurrianisation of the state cult and pantheon. Also included is a brief investigation into the continuation of the reorganisation and restructuring of the Hittite state cult and local cult inventories by Tudhaliya IV and his mother Puduhepa after the death of Hattušilli III. By researching this royal triad, their deities, their Hurro-Hittite culture and the textual evidence of their rule, it becomes possible to assemble some of the elements that impacted on their rule. I have used available transliterated translated texts and pictures to support and illustrate the investigation of this complex final period in the history of the Hittite Empire. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / MA (Ancient Near Eastern Studies) Indo-European tribes Anatolia Hattian Old Assyrian trade colonies Luwian Hurrians Kizzuwatna Mitanni Egypt Complex religion Polytheism Suppiluliuma I Rameses II Hattušili-Rameses treaty Hattuša Hattušili III Puduhepa International diplomacy Chief priest and priestess Cult festivals Ištar Šauška Stormgod of Hatti Sungoddess of Arinna Hepat Stormgod of Nerik Šarrumma Yazilikaya Huwaši stones Tudhaliya IV 299.199 Hittites -- Antiquities Hittites -- Religion Hittites -- Civilization Hittites -- History Turkey -- History -- To 1453 Turkey -- Religion -- History Gods, Hittite Hittite cults Kings and rulers, Ancient -- Turkey

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The battle of Kadesh : its causes and consequences

Reigns of Hattušili III, Puduhepa and their son, Tudhaliya IV, ca 1267-1228 BCE