Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), non-selective or selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and -2), reduce pain and inflammation associated with arthritic diseases. Celecoxib, a COX-2-selective inhibitor providing decreased gastric injury relative to non-selective NSAIDs, is commonly prescribed. Misoprostol, a prostaglandin analog, supplements NSAID-inhibited prostaglandin levels. As concomitant celecoxib and misoprostol administration has been shown to intensify renal adverse effects, this article examined the influence of concomitant administration on hepatic histopathology, oxidative stress, and celecoxib concentration. On days 1 and 2, rat groups (n = 6) were gavaged twice daily (two groups with vehicle and two groups with 100 μg/kg misoprostol). From day 3 to day 9, one celecoxib dose (40 mg/kg) replaced a vehicle dose of one group and one group received celecoxib in addition to misoprostol. Livers were harvested on day 10. No hepatic abnormalities were observed denoting a lack of influence by either drug. Also no change in mean biomarker levels was detected. The changes in hepatic celecoxib concentration in the misoprostol-receiving group compared to control were not significant. Thus misoprostol does not influence hepatic celecoxib effects in terms of histopathology, oxidative stress, or celecoxib concentration level at the dosage and duration examined.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause gastrointestinal and renal side effects. Rebamipide is a mucoprotective agent that reduces gastrointenstinal side effects when administered concomitantly with NSAIDs. In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetic drug interactions of rebamipide with two selected NSAIDs, celecoxib or diclofenac. Rats were randomly divided into five groups. Two groups received placebo and three groups were administered rebamipide (30 mg/kg) orally twice daily for two days. On day 3, the animals treated with placebo received celecoxib (40 mg/kg) or diclofenac (10 mg/kg) and rats receiving rebamipide were administerd rebamipide followed by a single dose of placebo, celecoxib, or diclofenac. To investigate drug protein interactions, blank rat plasma was spiked with known concentrations of rebamipide, diclofenac plus rebamipide, or celecoxib plus rebamipide then dialyzed through a Rapid Equilibrium Dialysis device. AUC (139.70 ± 24.97 μg h/mL), C max (42.99 ± 2.98 μg/mL), and CLoral (0.08 ± 0.02 L/h/kg) values of diclofenac in diclofenac plus rebamipide group altered when compared to those of diclofenac treated groups. Treatment with rebamipide showed no significant change in pharmacokinetic parameters of celecoxib treated rats. Cmax (7.80 ± 1.22 μg/mL), AUC (56.46 ± 7.30 μg h/mL), Vd/F (7.55 ± 1.37 L/kg), and CLoral (0.58 ± 0.09 L/h/kg) of rebamipide were significantly altered when diclofenac was co-administered with rebamipide. Pharmacokinetic parameters of rebamipide plus celecoxib group were not significantly different from those of rebamipide group. Plasma protein binding was not affected by concomitant administration of another drug. These results indicate alteration of pharmacokinetic parameters of both rebamipide and diclofenac when co-administered and cannot be explained by a variation in plasma protein binding.

No description available.

No / Purpose The purpose of the article was to study melt sonocrystallization (MSC) for a drug forming a viscous melt when processed below its glass transition temperature. Methods A molten mass of drug was poured in a vessel containing deionized water, maintained at 40°C using cryostatic bath, and sonicated for 1 min using probe ultrasonicator at an amplitude of 80% and a cycle of 0.8 per second. The product obtained after solidification of dispersed droplets was separated by filtration and dried at room temperature. MSC celecoxib was characterized by solubility determination, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and stability study. Results The MSC technique was designed for celecoxib, which undergoes fast solidification. The particles obtained by MSC were porous, irregular in shape, and amorphous in nature. An increase in the apparent solubility was observed for the MSC particles. These amorphous particles also exhibited a higher stability in the amorphous state as compared with particles obtained by melt quenching. Conclusions The reported MSC technique for celecoxib demonstrates advantages over other approaches and can be exploited in area of particle design for the amorphization of drugs.

Diversos mecanismos celulares estão associados à patogênese do Carcinoma Epidermoide de Cabeça e Pescoço (CECP). Algumas dessas alterações envolvem proteínas pertencentes à via de sinalização do Akt, e o fator de transcrição NF-kB, o qual têm importante papel na fisiologia normal e no câncer. A proteína COX-2, descrita em processos inflamatórios, também participa da carcinogênese e está associada com a via de sinalização do Akt e com o NF-kB. Dendrímeros são uma forma única de nanotecnologia, surgindo como nanotransportadores com a capacidade de penetrar na célula tumoral liberando drogas quimioterápicas em seu interior. Os benefícios desta tecnologia são o aumento da eficicácia do princípio ativo utilizado e a redução dos seus efeitos secundários tóxicos. O Celecoxibe, antiinflamatório não esteroidal, inibidor seletivo da COX-2, tem se mostrado um importante agente anticarcinogênico, no entanto seu mecanismo de ação no CECP não é totalmente compreendido. Neste trabalho, um Dendrímero de Poliglicerol associado ao Celecoxibe (PGLD-celecoxibe) foi sintetizado e caracterizado por técnicas de espectroscopia ¹H-RMN, ¹³C-RMN, Maldi-Tof, TLC e DSC. Além disso, o conjugado foi testado in vitro em três linhagens celulares de CECP. O PGLD-Celecoxibe foi sintetizado com sucesso e promoveu a redução da dose capaz de inibir a proliferação celular, reduzindo o IC 50 do Celecoxibe de forma significativa em todas as linhagens celulares, se aproximando da dose sérica alcançada por este medicamento, resultado corroborado pelo Ensaio de Migração Celular. O mecanismo de morte celular observado foi a apoptose, associada a diminuição significativa da expressão de COX-2 ou por uma via alternativa independente. Alguns dos grupos tratados apresentaram alteração na expressão das proteínas pAkt e NF-kB. / Several cellular mechanisms are associated with the pathogenesis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). Some of these alterations involve proteins in the Akt signaling pathway and the transcription factor NF-kB, which plays an important role in normal physiology and in cancer. COX-2 protein, described in inflammatory processes, and also involved in the carcinogenesis is associated with the Akt signaling pathway and the NF-kB. Dendrimers are a unique form of nanotechnology, emerging as nanocarriers with the ability to penetrate the tumor cell releasing chemotherapeutic. This technology increases the active substance efficiency and reduces its toxic side effects. Celecoxib, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, selective inhibitor of COX-2 has been shown to be an important anticancer agent, but its action mechanism in HNSCC is not fully understood. A polyglycerol dendrimer linked to celecoxib (PGLD-Celecoxibe) was synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR,TLD, DSC and Maldi-Tof techniques. In addition, in vitro assays were performed in three HNSCC cell lines The PGLD-Celecoxibe was successfully synthesized and provided a decrease in the dose able to inhibit cell proliferation reducing the IC 50 index of Celecoxib significantly in all cell lines, approaching to the serum dose achieved for this product, result supported by Wound Healing Assay. The cell death mechanism observed was apoptosis, which can be associated with significant reduction of expression of COX-2 also may be occurring by a COX-2 independent pathway. Some of the treated groups showed alterations in pAkt and NF-kB proteins expression.

Diversos mecanismos celulares estão associados à patogênese do Carcinoma Epidermoide de Cabeça e Pescoço (CECP). Algumas dessas alterações envolvem proteínas pertencentes à via de sinalização do Akt, e o fator de transcrição NF-kB, o qual têm importante papel na fisiologia normal e no câncer. A proteína COX-2, descrita em processos inflamatórios, também participa da carcinogênese e está associada com a via de sinalização do Akt e com o NF-kB. Dendrímeros são uma forma única de nanotecnologia, surgindo como nanotransportadores com a capacidade de penetrar na célula tumoral liberando drogas quimioterápicas em seu interior. Os benefícios desta tecnologia são o aumento da eficicácia do princípio ativo utilizado e a redução dos seus efeitos secundários tóxicos. O Celecoxibe, antiinflamatório não esteroidal, inibidor seletivo da COX-2, tem se mostrado um importante agente anticarcinogênico, no entanto seu mecanismo de ação no CECP não é totalmente compreendido. Neste trabalho, um Dendrímero de Poliglicerol associado ao Celecoxibe (PGLD-celecoxibe) foi sintetizado e caracterizado por técnicas de espectroscopia ¹H-RMN, ¹³C-RMN, Maldi-Tof, TLC e DSC. Além disso, o conjugado foi testado in vitro em três linhagens celulares de CECP. O PGLD-Celecoxibe foi sintetizado com sucesso e promoveu a redução da dose capaz de inibir a proliferação celular, reduzindo o IC 50 do Celecoxibe de forma significativa em todas as linhagens celulares, se aproximando da dose sérica alcançada por este medicamento, resultado corroborado pelo Ensaio de Migração Celular. O mecanismo de morte celular observado foi a apoptose, associada a diminuição significativa da expressão de COX-2 ou por uma via alternativa independente. Alguns dos grupos tratados apresentaram alteração na expressão das proteínas pAkt e NF-kB. / Several cellular mechanisms are associated with the pathogenesis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). Some of these alterations involve proteins in the Akt signaling pathway and the transcription factor NF-kB, which plays an important role in normal physiology and in cancer. COX-2 protein, described in inflammatory processes, and also involved in the carcinogenesis is associated with the Akt signaling pathway and the NF-kB. Dendrimers are a unique form of nanotechnology, emerging as nanocarriers with the ability to penetrate the tumor cell releasing chemotherapeutic. This technology increases the active substance efficiency and reduces its toxic side effects. Celecoxib, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, selective inhibitor of COX-2 has been shown to be an important anticancer agent, but its action mechanism in HNSCC is not fully understood. A polyglycerol dendrimer linked to celecoxib (PGLD-Celecoxibe) was synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR,TLD, DSC and Maldi-Tof techniques. In addition, in vitro assays were performed in three HNSCC cell lines The PGLD-Celecoxibe was successfully synthesized and provided a decrease in the dose able to inhibit cell proliferation reducing the IC 50 index of Celecoxib significantly in all cell lines, approaching to the serum dose achieved for this product, result supported by Wound Healing Assay. The cell death mechanism observed was apoptosis, which can be associated with significant reduction of expression of COX-2 also may be occurring by a COX-2 independent pathway. Some of the treated groups showed alterations in pAkt and NF-kB proteins expression.

Les tumeurs gliales et glioneuronales sont les tumeurs cérébrales les plus fréquentes chez l'enfant. Elles sont généralement d'excellent pronostic. En revanche, les astrocytomes pilocytiques (AP) hypothalamo-chiasmatiques, ont un potentiel évolutif plus agressif. Ce travail de thèse propose une nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique pour ce sous-type d'AP selon la méthode du « drug repositioning », en employant la combinaison du celecoxib et de la fluvastatine. Nos travaux ont montré in vitro que cette association de molécules était synergique, capable d'arrêter le cycle cellulaire, de diminuer la prolifération et d'induire l'apoptose des cellules tumorales. Cette combinaison a également été testée avec succès chez une patiente souffrant d'un AP multifocal et réfractaire aux traitements conventionnels dans le cadre d'une thérapie métronomique. Ce manuscrit décrit également l'étude histo-moléculaire de plusieurs séries de tumeurs gliales et glioneuronales pédiatriques menées afin d'améliorer leur caractérisation et leur diagnostic. Nos travaux ont confirmé la présence de la fusion KIAA1549:BRAF dans les AP analysés ainsi que le caractère péjoratif de la topographie hypothalamo-chiasmatique, du variant histologique pilomyxoïde et de l'âge au diagnostic inférieur à 36 mois. Ils ont également montré l'absence de différence moléculaire entre les gliomes corticaux de grade II et des DNT. Enfin, nos travaux ont montré que les DNT, les GG et les PXA partagent la mutation BRAFV600E et l'expression de CD34. Ces travaux confirment l'implication majeure de l'altération de la voie des MAPKinases dans la tumorigenèse de ces tumeurs, constituant ainsi une cible thérapeutique prometteuse. / Glial and glioneuronal tumors are the most frequent brain tumors in children. They are characterized by an excellent prognosis. However, hypothalamic-chiasmatic pilocytic astrocytomas (PA) have a more aggressive outcome. In the first part, we propose a new therapeutic strategy for hypothalamic-chiasmatic PA according to drug repositioning method, by using celecoxib, and fluvastatin. We showed that, in vitro, this combination was synergistic, stopped cell cycle, inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. In addition, this combination was tested with success, under a metronomic chemotherapy, for a girl suffering from a multifocal PA and refractory to conventional treatment. This new strategy of treatment appears promising for this type of tumor because it is less toxic than conventional chemotherapy and not too expensive. In the second part, this manuscript describes the histo-molecular study of several retrospective series of glial and glioneuronal pediatric tumors conducted to improve their characterization and their diagnosis. We confirmed the presence of the fusion gene KIAA1549: BRAF in PA as well as the pejorative nature of the hypothalamic-chiasmatic topography, pilomyxoïde histology and the age at diagnosis less than 36 months. We also showed no molecular difference between cortical grade II gliomas associated with chronic epilepsy and the DNT group. Finally, we showed that DNT, GG and PXA share BRAFV600E mutation and expression of CD34. These studies confirm the major implication of the MAPKinase altered pathway in tumorigenesis of glial and glioneuronal pediatric tumors, constituting a promising therapeutic target.

O Celecoxib, antiinflamatório não esteroidal, inibidor seletivo da COX-2, tem se mostrado um importante agente anticarcinogênico, mas o seu papel no carcinoma epidermóide de boca (CEB) não é totalmente compreendido. Sabe-se que diversas alterações genéticas estão associadas à patogênese do CEB, a neoplasia maligna mais comum de cabeça e pescoço. Algumas dessas alterações comprometem proteínas pertencentes à via de sinalização do Akt, envolvida em diferentes fenômenos celulares. É sabido que Akt pode ativar o fator de transcrição NF-kB, o qual tem importante participação na fisiologia normal e no câncer. A proteína COX-2, descrita inicialmente em processos inflamatórios, está associada com a oncogênese e recentemente tem sido associada com a via de sinalização do Akt e com o NF-kB. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito do Celecoxib sobre linhagens celulares de carcinoma epidermóide de boca e verificar a localização intracelular e a expressão das proteínas pAkt, NF-kB e COX-2 em linhagens celulares de carcinoma epiermóide de boca após o tratamento com o Celecoxib.Através da técnica de imunofluorescência, foram analisados os padrões de expressão das proteínas pAkt, NFkB e COX-2 em quatro linhagens celulares de carcinoma epidermóide bucal submetidas ao tratamento com Celecoxib, cuja a dose e o tempo foram obtidos a partir de ensaios de viabilidade celular. Também se realizou ensaio de apoptose celular. Como controle utilizou-se células não tratadas com o medicamento. O Celecoxib na dose de 30 M por 24 horas causa apoptose.Na técnica de western blot, somente a linhagem SCC15 apresentou uma diminuição significativa para a COX-2. Entretanto, para p-Akt e NF-kB nenhuma alteração na expressão foi observada entre os grupos controle e tratado.Na imunofluorescência, houve alteração no padrão de expressão das proteínas pAkt, NF-kB e COX-2, quando se comparou os grupos contrele e tratado. Portanto, o Celecoxib pode ser um eficaz agente terapêutico, uma vez que demonstrou grande eficácia na inibição da proliferação celular de linhagens celulares de CEB. / Celecoxib, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory COX-2 selective inhibitor, has proven to be an important anticancer agent. However its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not entirely understood. This is the most common malignancy of head and neck regionand it is known that various genetic alterations are associated with its pathogenesis. Some of these changes affect proteins belonging to the Akt signaling pathway, involved in different cellular processes. It is known that Akt can activate the transcription factor NF-kB, which has important role in normal physiology and cancer.The COX-2 proteinwas firstly described in the inflammatory processes, is associated with oncogenesis and has recently been related with the Akt signaling pathwayand with NF-kB. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of Celecoxib on squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and to determine pAkt, NF-kB and COX-2 intracellular localization and levels of expressionin this cell lines after treated with Celecoxib. By immunofluorescence, we analyzed the pAkt, NF-kB and COX-2 expression patterns in four oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines treated with Celecoxib, which the dose and time were obtained from cell viability assays. Cellular apoptosis assay was also performed. As control the cells were not treated with this drug. Celecoxibcauses apoptosisin the dose of 30 M for 24 hours. In the western blottechnique, only the SCC15 cell line shows a significant decrease for COX-2. However, for p-Akt and NF-kB no change in expression was observed between control and treated groups. On immunofluorescence, there were changes in the pAkt, NFkB and COX-2protein expression pattern when the control group was compared with treated group. Therefore, the Celecoxib can be an effective therapeutic agent, since it has shown great efficacy in thecelular proliferation inhibition of the OSCC cell lines.

O Celecoxib, antiinflamatório não esteroidal, inibidor seletivo da COX-2, tem se mostrado um importante agente anticarcinogênico, mas o seu papel no carcinoma epidermóide de boca (CEB) não é totalmente compreendido. Sabe-se que diversas alterações genéticas estão associadas à patogênese do CEB, a neoplasia maligna mais comum de cabeça e pescoço. Algumas dessas alterações comprometem proteínas pertencentes à via de sinalização do Akt, envolvida em diferentes fenômenos celulares. É sabido que Akt pode ativar o fator de transcrição NF-kB, o qual tem importante participação na fisiologia normal e no câncer. A proteína COX-2, descrita inicialmente em processos inflamatórios, está associada com a oncogênese e recentemente tem sido associada com a via de sinalização do Akt e com o NF-kB. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito do Celecoxib sobre linhagens celulares de carcinoma epidermóide de boca e verificar a localização intracelular e a expressão das proteínas pAkt, NF-kB e COX-2 em linhagens celulares de carcinoma epiermóide de boca após o tratamento com o Celecoxib.Através da técnica de imunofluorescência, foram analisados os padrões de expressão das proteínas pAkt, NFkB e COX-2 em quatro linhagens celulares de carcinoma epidermóide bucal submetidas ao tratamento com Celecoxib, cuja a dose e o tempo foram obtidos a partir de ensaios de viabilidade celular. Também se realizou ensaio de apoptose celular. Como controle utilizou-se células não tratadas com o medicamento. O Celecoxib na dose de 30 M por 24 horas causa apoptose.Na técnica de western blot, somente a linhagem SCC15 apresentou uma diminuição significativa para a COX-2. Entretanto, para p-Akt e NF-kB nenhuma alteração na expressão foi observada entre os grupos controle e tratado.Na imunofluorescência, houve alteração no padrão de expressão das proteínas pAkt, NF-kB e COX-2, quando se comparou os grupos contrele e tratado. Portanto, o Celecoxib pode ser um eficaz agente terapêutico, uma vez que demonstrou grande eficácia na inibição da proliferação celular de linhagens celulares de CEB. / Celecoxib, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory COX-2 selective inhibitor, has proven to be an important anticancer agent. However its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not entirely understood. This is the most common malignancy of head and neck regionand it is known that various genetic alterations are associated with its pathogenesis. Some of these changes affect proteins belonging to the Akt signaling pathway, involved in different cellular processes. It is known that Akt can activate the transcription factor NF-kB, which has important role in normal physiology and cancer.The COX-2 proteinwas firstly described in the inflammatory processes, is associated with oncogenesis and has recently been related with the Akt signaling pathwayand with NF-kB. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of Celecoxib on squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and to determine pAkt, NF-kB and COX-2 intracellular localization and levels of expressionin this cell lines after treated with Celecoxib. By immunofluorescence, we analyzed the pAkt, NF-kB and COX-2 expression patterns in four oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines treated with Celecoxib, which the dose and time were obtained from cell viability assays. Cellular apoptosis assay was also performed. As control the cells were not treated with this drug. Celecoxibcauses apoptosisin the dose of 30 M for 24 hours. In the western blottechnique, only the SCC15 cell line shows a significant decrease for COX-2. However, for p-Akt and NF-kB no change in expression was observed between control and treated groups. On immunofluorescence, there were changes in the pAkt, NFkB and COX-2protein expression pattern when the control group was compared with treated group. Therefore, the Celecoxib can be an effective therapeutic agent, since it has shown great efficacy in thecelular proliferation inhibition of the OSCC cell lines.

No description available.