Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-57). Print copy also available.

Aaueous polymer two phase systems containing dextran T500, PEG 8000, and buffer are widely used to separate and analyse cells and other biological material based on the way they partition between the two phases and their interface. The behaviour of human erythrocytes in such two phase systems was studied in order to characterize some of the physico-chemical interactions important in determining cell partition. Two aspects were studied: the role of electrostatic and affinity ligand effects in determining the relative affinity of the cell for the two phases, and the relationship of this relative affinity to the cell partition. The potential difference produced by the unequal affinity of the buffer cations and anions for each phase was related to the salt partition by a thermodynamic model, which agreed with experimental results obtained in single and mixed salt systems. A thermodynamic theory for the effects of an affinity ligand on the cell surface free energy difference between the phases was derived, and found to agree quantitatively with experimental results using the affinity ligand PEG-palmitate. The change in cell surface free energy difference as a function of potential and ligand concentration was determined by contact angle measurements. This change was very small, based either on previous estimates of the surface charge density, or on the amount of PEG-palmitate bound to the cell surface as determined by adsorption experiments. This was attributed to partial exclusion of the phases from the cell glycocalyx. Cell partition into the upper PEG rich phase increased as this phase was made more positive with respect to the lower phase, or as the amount of an affinity ligand, PEG-palmitate, in the system was increased. Contact angle measurements were used to determine the energy of erythrocyte attachment to the interface between the two phases. The dependence of the cell partition on this parameter showed that thermal energies are far too small to partition cells in these systems. The cell partition was unaffected by the density difference between the phases. This and other results led to the hypothesis that droplet coalescence is the primary process by which large particles (>1 µm dia.) such as cells are distributed between the interface and one of the phases. / Science, Faculty of / Chemistry, Department of / Graduate

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1967 S52 / Master of Science

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2006 / Typescript (photocopy)

Changes in cell wall composition and in vitro degradation of corn stover fractions (leaf, upper stem and lower stem) with advancing maturity and in response to NH; treatment were determined, and possible inhibitory mechanisms of lignin were evaluated. With advancing maturity, IVDMD decreased (P<.001), associated with decreases (P<.001) in CP and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and increases (P<.001) in NDF and ADF. The IVDMD of leaf was higher (P<.001) than of stems, associated with higher CP, hemicellulose:cellulose, and arabinan:xylan, and lower lignin methoxyl content. A hypothesis of formation of reactive quinone methide intermediates from lignin during rumen fermentation was tested in vitro by incubating corn stover fractions with S-containing reducing agents. Sulphur incorporation into residual fiber occurred (P<.05), indicative of nucleophilic addition to quinone methide intermediates. Degradation of NDF was highly correlated with lignin methoxyl content. The impact of lignin on cellulose degradation was studied using lignocellulosic hydrogels, in which hydroxypropylated or unmodified hardwood lignin was blended with cellulose. In vitro cellulose degradation of lignocellulose blends was higher (P<.01) than of control. Addition of lignin at incubation depressed (P<.01) cellulose degradation. Hydroxypropylation enhanced (P<.001) the increase in cellulose degradation with lignin blending, and reduced (P<.001) the inhibitory effect of lignin addition at incubation. Treatment of drought-stressed corn stover with 3% aqueous NH₃ decreased (P<.05) NDF, compared to isonitrogenous NH₃ addition and control, associated with solubilization of hemicellulose. Esterified phenolic acids were released (P<.05) by NH₃ treatment in upper stem. The IVDMD and NDF degradation increased (P <.001) after ammoniation, with higher (P<.05) values for NH₃ treatment than NH₃ added in leaf. The in vitro response to ammoniation of fractions of drought-stressed and non-drought stressed corn stover harvested in subsequent years was compared, using N-sufficient and N-limiting buffers. Response was highest (P<.001) for non-drought stressed stover fractions, and in N-limiting medium. Response appeared to be affected by high concentration of WSC in lower stalks of drought-stressed stover. / Ph. D.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Lund, 1995. / Published dissertation. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Lund, 1995. / Published dissertation. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Jose Antonio Rocha Gontijo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T10:17:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Grigoletti_GabrielBoerLima_M.pdf: 3195983 bytes, checksum: 162e3819e6b1b271cfcaa92020a90fa4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O estresse gestacional afeta diversas regiões neurais incluindo hipocampo, amígdala, corpo caloso, neocortéx, cerebelo e hipotálamo e frequentemente resulta em redução no volume dos tecidos que compõem estas estruturas. A formação hipocampal tem sido alvo de diversos estudos devido a sua importância na plasticidade neural, na neurogênese e na regulação de processos cognitivos. Dessa forma, este estudo buscou avaliar os efeitos da restrição proteica, durante a gestação e amamentação, sobre a estrutura do hipocampo e o comportamento relacionado à memória e emoções (ansiedade/medo) bem como sobre a composição celular desta estrutura cerebral e, a influência sobre estes parâmetros morfológicos e comportamentais, da exposição da prole de ratos machos ao ambiente enriquecido. Os achados deste estudo representam o impacto pré e perinatal da desnutrição proteica correspondente à situação de estresse nutricional, no hipocampo que está envolvido no comportamento emocional bem como na memória e no aprendizado. O estudo revelou dissociação entre a resposta do teste comportamental e alterações no número de neurônios hipocampais, como consequência da programação fetal. A ausência de alterações basais no desempenho destes testes, ocorreram a despeito de redução no número de neurônios no giro denteado do hipocampo. Vários autores têm sugerido que a atrofia observada no hipocampo pode ser uma resposta compensatória para proteger o hipocampo de danos adicionais. Nós demonstramos, pela primeira vez, que a exposição materna a restrição proteica durante o desenvolvimento neural da prole causa importantes mudanças morfológicas no hipocampo podendo tornar estes animais vulneráveis a distúrbios neurais na idade adulta. O presente estudo pelo menos sob aspecto morfológico ponderal confirma a teoria do "cérebro egoísta", um paradigma recente que postula que, para manter estável seu próprio fornecimento de energia, o cérebro modula o metabolismo da energia na periferia regulando tanto a alocação quanto a ingestão de nutrientes. Neste trabalho, a ausência de alterações ponderais encefálicas não está associada às intensas modificações na composição citológica, particularmente hipocampal, nos diferentes grupos experimentais. Embora pareça que as alterações nutricionais promovam alterações irreversíveis ponderais na massa corporal, mas não no encéfalo e algumas de suas estruturas fundamentais, a composição e estrutura neuronal e sua recuperação a partir de células primordiais, são profundamente modificadas pela restrição dietética materna e, surpreendentemente, pela exposição ao ambiente enriquecido. Assim, podemos afirmar que a teoria do cérebro egoísta explica a manutenção da massa encefálica entretanto, a proporção dos diferentes tipos celulares é profundamente alterada o que pode expandir nosso entendimento sobre a adaptação ao estresse e a neuro-regeneração em estados neuro-comportamentais tidos como anormais. Além disso, devemos ressaltar que, embora tenhamos observado redução significativa no número de neurônios após o período de amamentação, demonstramos pela primeira vez que este parâmetro é revertido pelo estimulo em ambiente enriquecido / Abstract: he stress affects neural regions including gestational hippocampus, amygdala, corpus callosum, neocortex, cerebellum and hypothalamus and often results in a reduction in the volume of the tissues that make up these structures. The hippocampal gyrus training has been the subject of several studies due to its importance in neural plasticity in neurogenesis and regulation of cognitive processes. Thus, this study sought to assess the effects of protein restriction, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, on the structure of hippocampus, their duties on the memory and emotions (anxiety/fear) as well as on the cellular composition of this brain structure and influence over these morphological and behavioral parameters, the exposure of the offspring of male rats to the enriched environment. The findings of this study represent the pre and perinatal impact of malnutrition protein corresponding to situation of nutritional stress in the hippocampus, which is involved in emotional behavior as well as in memory and learning. The study revealed decoupling the behavioral test response and changes in the number of hipocampais neurons, as a consequence of fetal programming. The absence of basal changes in performance of these tests, occurred in spite of reduction in the number of neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Several authors have suggested that the observed atrophy in the hippocampus may be a compensatory response to protect the hippocampus of additional damage. We have demonstrated, for the first time, that maternal exposure to protein restriction during neural development of offspring cause important morphological changes in hippocampus may make these animals vulnerable to neural disorders in adulthood. The present study at least under morphological aspect by confirming the "selfish brain" theory, a recent paradigm that posits that in order to keep stable its own energy supply, the brain modulates the energy metabolism in the periphery by regulating both the allocation as the intake of nutrients. In this work, the unmodified brain mass, do not match with the intensity of cytological composition changes, particularly of the hippocampal nucleus, in different experimental groups. Although it seems that the nutritional changes promote irreversible changes in body mass, but not in the brain and some of its fundamental structures, composition and neuronal structure and its recovery from primordial cells, are deeply modified by the maternal dietary restriction and, surprisingly, by exposure to oxygen-enriched environment. Thus, we can affirm that the selfish brain theory explains the maintenance of brain matter however, the proportion of the different cell types is profoundly changed what can expand our understanding of the adaptation to stress and neuro-regeneration in neuro-behavioral States regarded as abnormal. Moreover, we must emphasize that, while we have observed a significant reduction in the number of neurons after the period of breastfeeding, we demonstrate for the first time this parameter is reversed by stimulus in enriched / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Médica / Mestre em Ciências