We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of an increasing coupling of N (N >= 2) synchronous dynamics on S-Zd (PCA). Increasing means the coupling preserves stochastic ordering. We first present our main construction theorem in the case where S is totally ordered; applications to attractive PCAs are given. When S is only partially ordered, we show on two examples that a coupling of more than two synchronous dynamics may not exist. We also prove an extension of our main result for a particular class of partially ordered spaces.

This paper details the design and simulation of a fault-tolerant Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) NOT gate. A version of the standard NOT gate can be constructed to take advantage to the ability to easily integrate redundant structures into a QCA design. The fault-tolerant characteristics of this inverter are analyzed with QCADesigner v2.0.3 (Windows version) simulation software. These characteristics are then compared with the characteristics of two other non-redundant styles of NOT gates. The redundant version of the gate is more robust than the standard style for the inverter. However, another simple inverter style seems to be even more than this fault-tolerant design. Both versions of the gate will need to be studied further in the future to determine which design is most practical. / Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering / "July 2006." / Includes bibliographic references (leaves 31-33)

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Extensive oil drilling and transportation activities increase the possibility of oil spills and the consequent threat of oil pollution to the regional environment. Oil spills are hazards for marine and freshwater environments. Oil spill/slick detection, monitoring and management has received considerable attention over the past few years. It is a highly non-linear problem to predict oil slick movement and spreading, and it is a subject of complicated science. Oil spill behavior become more complicated while involving the effects of winds, surface currents, oil evaporation, shoreline deposition, land boundary, vertical dispersion and underwater current. Cellular Automata is a solution for problems of complicated science. A three-dimensional model for the prediction of oil slick movement and spreading using Cellular Automata is presented in this paper. The effects of winds, surface currents, oil evaporation, shoreline deposition, land boundary and vertical dispersion have been taken into account while processing the surface cells. At the same time, the effects of underwater currents and land boundary have been taken into account while processing the underwater cells. The algorithm has been used to simulate hypothetical oil slick movement and spreading in hypothetical geographic regions. The results of the simulation are qualitative agreed with real oil slick movement and spreading.

The overuse of the coastal resources and overdevelopment on coastal areas led to the result of serious destruction of nature landscape and coastal resources due to the abundance of coastal resources. To avoid the improper development on the coastal areas, it is necessary to have an integrated consideration over the engineering, ecosystem, economics, environmental protection and sustainable development based on the character of coastal land. Therefore, the main conception of this study is to apply the concept of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) to take all aspects which might affect the coastal management into integrated consideration, and to accomplish the concept of ICZM by Integrated Assessment (IA). Furthermore, the study constructed a indicator structure of assess coastal management by Driving forces¡VPressures¡VStates¡VImpacts¡VResponses (DPSIR), which takes the production, ecosystem and living environment as three core assessment indicators. Finally, the conceptual model of integrated coastal management is constructed with the help of System Dynamic (SD) and Cellular Automata (CA). This study simulates the influence of the existence of Chang Hua Coastal Industrial Park on the nearby areas such as Hsienhsi county, Hemei town and Lukang town from 1991 to 2021. The main consideration is on the time-series variation of three core indicators and some critical variables as well as the mid-term to long-term tendency on the land use. Three kinds of actions are set for the scenario analysis, including single strategy, multi strategies and progressively varying strategies. According to the simulation results, the action of multi strategies results in the best performance on three core indicators, and the action of single strategy is the worst on the contrary. On seeing the blooming problems over simulation period, the progressively varying strategies are applied in specific time points, and result in better or worse performances depending on different restrictions and resources. The conceptual model constructed in this research is adaptive to simulate the varying tendency on the nearby areas due to the existence of coastal industrial park, and is an efficient and effective assessing measure for the decision persons or the paper worker to understand the influences on different scenarios or strategies applied. Thus better formulations or suggestions over destination areas will be made to help fulfill the concept of ICZM.

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This thesis first reviews the history of General Purpose computing Graphic Processing Unit (GPGPU) and then introduces the fundamental problems that are suitable for GPGPU algorithm. The architecture of GPGPU is compared against modern CPU architecture, and the fundamental difference is outlined. The programming challenges faced by GPGPU and the techniques utilized to overcome these issues are evaluated and discussed. The second part of the thesis presents an application developed with GPGPU technology to simulate the electrical excitation and conduction in a 3D human heart model based on cellular automata model. The algorithm and implementation are discussed in detail and the performance of GPU is compared against CPU.

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Conventional CMOS (the current dominant technology for VLSI) implemented with ever smaller transistors is expected to encounter serious problems in the near future with the need for difficult fabrication technologies. The most important problem is heat generation. The desire for device density, power dissipation and performance improvement necessitates new technologies that will provide innovative solutions to integration and computations. Nanotechnology, especially Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) provides new possibilities for computing owing to its unique properties. Numerous nanoelectronic devices are being investigated and many experimental devices have been developed. Thus, high level circuit design is needed to keep pace with changing physical studies. The circuit design aspects of QCA have not been studied much because of its novelty. Arithmetic units, especially multipliers and dividers play an important role in the design of digital processors and application specific systems. Therefore, designs for parallel multipliers and dividers are presented using this technology. Optimal design of parallel multipliers for Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata is explored in this dissertation. As a main basic element to build multipliers, adders are implemented and compared their performances with previous adders. And two different layout schemes that single layer and multi-layer wire crossings are compared and analyzed. This dissertation proposes three kinds of multipliers. Wallace and Dadda parallel multipliers, quasi-modular multipliers, and array multipliers are designed and simulated with several different operand sizes. Also array multipliers that are well suited in QCA are constructed and formed by a regular lattice of identical functional units so that the structure is conformable to QCA technology without extra wire delay. All these designs are constructed using coplanar layouts and compared with other QCA multipliers. The delay, area and complexity are compared for several different operand sizes. This research also studies divider designs for quantum-dot cellular automata. A digit recurrence restoring binary divider is a conventional design that serves as a baseline. By using controlled full subtractor cell units, a relatively simple and efficient implementation is realized. The Goldschmidt divider using the new architecture (data tag method) to control the various elements of the divider is compared for the performance. / text

This thesis focuses on reducing the delay of non-restoring division. Although the digit recurrence division is lower in complexity and occupies a smaller area than division by convergence, it has a drawback: slow division speed. To mitigate this problem, two modification ideas are proposed here for the non-restoring division, the fastest division algorithm of the digit recurrence division methods. For the first proposed approach, the delay of the multiplexer for selecting the quotient digit and determining the way to calculate the partial remainder can be reduced through inverting the order of its flowchart. Second, one adder and one inverter can be removed by using a new quotient digit converter. To prove these ideas are valid, the simulation results comparing the modified non-restoring division and the standard non-restoring division are provided. / text