The intention of this thesis project will be primarily focused on issues of the cemetery that involve its utilization as a vehicle to cultivate an awareness of heritage and its role in establishing a framework on which to promote the sense of communal identity in an authentic manner. For as many divergent societies that co-exist on earth there are equally as many diverse ritualistic patterns involving death and dying particular to each society. Although the study of these ritualistic patterns is an intriguing one, with regard to utilization of the cemetery as a vehicle to strengthen the identity of place, I believe, it is essential to accommodate and enrich already accepted notions of death and dying particular to Vancouver and Canada. As a consequence of the country's age, it seems that there is always the pressure to import character and values from other places. To begin to define an identity and therefore cultivate community there has to be acknowledgment and acceptance of heritage as an initial point of growth. For these reasons, rather than replace an already existing set of rituals with foreign ideologies surrounding death and dying, it is crucial that existing rituals not be discarded. The proposed site for this project is the Grandview Cut rail corridor that extends between the False Creek Flats and Grandview Woodlands in East Vancouver. Specifically, the site is situated between Clark Drive on the west and Slocan Drive on the east. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

Submitted by Adriana Martinez (amartinez@unoeste.br) on 2017-10-23T11:44:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Letícia.pdf: 5591928 bytes, checksum: 2cba7167a042b5176b457d4b899e2add (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-23T11:44:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Letícia.pdf: 5591928 bytes, checksum: 2cba7167a042b5176b457d4b899e2add (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / Cemeteries are intrinsic to society and need to be analyzed in order to provide a harmonious relationship with the environment, minimizing the impacts that this activity can generate. According to the contamination potential of the cemeteries, and the changes in the physical and biotic spheres, a potential environmental impact is attributed to cemetery activity. The liquid released by the decomposition of the corpses, the necrochorume, is the main cause of environmental pollution by the cemeteries. The present work had as objective to carry out a historical survey of the cemeteries of Presidente Prudente; to analyze the water quality of water bodies near cemeteries; as well as to analyze the biodiversity of plant species and birds. The research methodology consisted of a bibliographical survey regarding the history of cemetery activity, burial forms and environmental impacts of cemeteries. Physical-chemical and microbiological analyzes were carried out on surface water samples collected at points near the cemeteries, in addition to the survey of plant and bird species present in the cemeteries. From the results obtained through fieldwork, laboratory and literature reviews it was possible to identify that the cemeteries of the municipality of Presidente Prudente-SP can generate negative environmental impacts on the environment, causing contamination of water resources. Biodiversity is not satisfactory, so it is recommended variation of the tree species to guarantee the biodiversity of the place and potentially attract more bird species. / Os cemitérios são intrínsecos à sociedade e precisam ser analisados a fim de proporcionar uma relação harmoniosa com o meio ambiente, minimizando os impactos que essa atividade pode gerar. De acordo com a potencialidade de contaminação dos cemitérios, e as alterações nos meios físico e biótico, é atribuída à atividade cemiterial um potencial impacto ambiental. O líquido liberado pela decomposição dos cadáveres, o necrochorume, é a principal causa da poluição ambiental pelos cemitérios. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento histórico dos cemitérios de Presidente Prudente, analisar a qualidade da água de corpos hídricos próximo aos cemitérios, bem como analisar a biodiversidade de espécies vegetais e aves. A metodologia de pesquisa consistiu no levantamento bibliográfico sobre o histórico da atividade cemiterial, as formas de sepultamento e os impactos ambientais dos cemitérios. Análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas foram executadas em amostras de água superficiais, coletadas em pontos próximos dos cemitérios e o levantamento das espécies vegetais e aves presentes nos cemitérios também foram realizados. A partir dos resultados obtidos por meio de trabalhos de campo, laboratoriais e revisões de literatura foi possível identificar que os cemitérios do município de Presidente Prudente-SP podem proporcionar impactos ambientais negativos no meio ambiente, causando contaminação dos recursos hídricos. A biodiversidade não é satisfatória, por isso recomenda-se variação das espécies arbóreas para garantir a biodiversidade do local, podendo atrair dessa forma mais espécies de aves.

This study argues that there are temporally and socially observable trends present in a sample of Protestant cemeteries from St. Croix’s Danish Colonial Period, as evidenced by the analysis of gravestone characteristics including iconography, morphology, and epitaph. Specifically, gravestones within the sample became noticeably more simplistic in the mid-19th century, which directly reflects St. Croix’s economic decline following emancipation. Although the iconographic and morphological characteristics of the gravestones for men and women and children and adults are largely identical, the epitaphic inscriptions for these groups exhibit a great deal of differentiation. Through analysis of these epitaphs, we discover that society on St. Croix was extremely similar to that of Europe and North America, in which men inhabit the public sphere, women the private sphere, and children are recognized for their cultural importance and biological vulnerability. However, I posit that women, while limited in public autonomy, did possess a degree of authority over familial structure.

Headstones manifest an abundance of historic information and embody society's cultural and socioeconomic statuses over time. Cemetery research has been conducted throughout various regions in the United States, but very little has been focused on headstone analysis in the state of Florida. The purpose of this comparative research is to use a typology established by Meyers and Schultz to compare headstone attributes of Orange County, FL and establish a temporal correlation (2012). The analysis of this study has the ability to highlight societal perceptions and ideals surrounding death and mortuary practices while providing a historical context specific to the state of Florida. Data was collected from two cemeteries in Orange County, representing the headstones of 853 individuals. The methodology of this study entailed visiting the cemeteries, photographing headstones, and noting headstone attributes. Following the model set forth in Meyers and Schultz, attributes taken into consideration for this project were stone type, shape, time period, and sex of the individual (2012). In addition to assessing headstone typology for historic cemeteries, the development of best practices for photogrammetry of headstones will be examined. The questions addressed in this research will hopefully illuminate mortuary trends in Central Florida and encourage future research and literature to shift its focus to include southern regions of the United States in terms of historical Cemetery context. Additionally, practices developed in photogrammetry can aid public archaeology conservation and restoration efforts of historic cemeteries that are endangered of being lost due to external circumstances.

Chan Cho Wa, Carlos. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2010-2011, design report." / Chapter 0 --- Abstract --- p.2 / Chapter 0.1 --- Objective / Chapter 0.2 --- Focus and Study / Chapter 1 --- Theory --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1 --- Aldo Rossi / Chapter 1.2 --- Enric Miralles / Chapter 1.3 --- Etienne Louis / Chapter 1.4 --- Arata Isozaki / Chapter 2 --- HK Situation --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Supply and Demands in HK / Chapter 2.2 --- Architectural Treatment / Chapter 2.3 --- Locations / Chapter 2.4 --- "Government, Policy" / Chapter 2.5 --- Social Concern / Chapter 2.6 --- Religious / Chapter 2.7 --- Summary / Chapter 3 --- Typology Study --- p.14 / Chapter 3.1 --- Traditional Hill / Chapter 3.2 --- Flat Land / Chapter 3.3 --- Slab Block / Chapter 3.4 --- High Rise / Chapter 4 --- Detailed Case Studies --- p.16 / Chapter 4.1 --- Igualada Cemetery / Chapter 4.2 --- "Diamond Hill ^sff ""<;." / Chapter "4,3" --- Others / Chapter 4.4 --- First Summary / Chapter 5 --- Rock Study --- p.24 / Chapter 5.1 --- "Countryside, Town, Urban Edge" / Chapter 5.2 --- Type of Rock / Chapter 5.3 --- Method of Excavation & Tunnel / Chapter 6 --- Site Investigation --- p.26 / Chapter 6.1 --- Why the site / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Urban Edge / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Natural elements / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Traditional and New Type / Chapter 6.1.4 --- "Site nature, old cemetery and countryside" / Chapter 6.2 --- History of sites / Chapter 6.2.1 --- History of Lee Yue Mun / Chapter 6.2.2 --- History of Devil Hill / Chapter 6.3 --- Important elements in sites / Chapter 6.4 --- Zoning and Site Response / Chapter 7 --- Design Strategies --- p.32 / Chapter 7.1 --- Caved Landscape / Chapter 7.2 --- Double Layering System / Chapter 7.3 --- Mix program / Chapter 7.4 --- Linkage and Revitalizing the size / Chapter 7.5 --- Narrative Route and Program / Chapter 7.6 --- Circulation of Darkness and Light / Chapter 8 --- Design Research --- p.40 / Chapter 8.1 --- Atmospheric Drawings / Chapter 8.2 --- System Studies / Chapter 8.3 --- 8.3 Parti Models / Chapter 9 --- Design Process --- p.46 / Chapter 10 --- Lighting Study --- p.52 / Chapter 10.1 --- Single Source / Chapter 10.2 --- Combination / Chapter 10.3 --- Sequence Study / Chapter 10.4 --- Unit Study / Chapter 10.5 --- Unit of sunken niche / Chapter 10.6 --- Sequence in niche / Chapter 10.7 --- Overall Sequence / Chapter 10.8 --- Sequence of Darkness / Chapter 11 --- Final Design --- p.58 / Chapter 11.1 --- Design Summary / Chapter 11.2 --- Key Drawings / Chapter 11.3 --- Sequence / Chapter 11.4 --- Models

So Wai Man Sophia. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2000-2001, design report." / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 82). / Chapter 1 --- introduction / Chapter part one: --- research / Chapter 2 --- concept initiation / Chapter 3-4 --- definition of death / Chapter 5-6 --- definition of terms in funeral architecture / Chapter 7-10 --- funeral architecture and planning in hk / Chapter 11-12 --- Chinese funeral culture and custom in hk / Chapter 13-17 --- bereavement care and organization in hk / Chapter part two: --- design program / Chapter 18 --- objective / Chapter 19-20 --- routine of users / Chapter 21 --- subject client / Chapter 22 --- subject body / Chapter 23 --- subject user / Chapter 24 --- subject site / Chapter 25 --- site selection criteria / Chapter 27-39 --- site analysis / Chapter 40-42 --- weather information / Chapter 43-44 --- building program / Chapter 45-46 --- design consideration / Chapter part three: --- design development / Chapter 46-50 --- direction one / Chapter 51-52 --- direction two / Chapter 53-58 --- direction three / Chapter 59-63 --- direction four / Chapter part four: --- final design / Chapter 64-74 --- presentation drawing / Chapter 75-76 --- presentation model / Chapter part five: --- precedent study / Chapter 77-79 --- local precedent / Chapter 80-81 --- foreigh precedent / Chapter 82 --- bibliography

American cemeteries have evolved from unsophisticated and crowded burial grounds to curvilinear and elegantly designed rural cemeteries to the functional business of the memorial park. Regardless of the type, all cemeteries are constantly changing due to their natural features and because of the deterioration of stone after prolonged exposure to the elements. Then add neglect or vandalism into the mix and cemeteries appear to be particularly doomed.This creative project examines the cemeteries in Delaware County, Indiana. Working from "Cemeteries in Delaware County, Indiana" by Rosaella Cartwright and Elizabeth Modlin, an inventory was completed for the sixty located cemeteries. The ten that were not inventoried were outside the scope of the project, could not be located, or inaccessible. The landscape features, markers, funerary art motifs, and preservation efforts were recorded and the data was then analyzed. Issues and challenges facing the cemeteries were investigated, including how to go about properly documenting a cemetery and general information on cleaning and repairing markers. Finally preservation guidelines and recommendations were proposed for the cemeteries in Delaware County. / Department of Architecture

*Graveyards are significant sites that are consciously and deliberately created. As both architecture and landscape architecture, graveyards are an intrinsic part of history that have helped define and establish architectural styles as well as address land use and associated issues.Graveyards provide some of the best and most lasting examples of art and sculpture through the ages. By examining the size, shape, ornamentation/articulation, style of carving and materials from which the stones are constructed, elements of social status and what individuals thought of the themselves are revealed. Valuable historic documentation is gleaned from graveyards in the form of genealogical information, social history, widespread diseases, wars/battles and demographics. The study of epitaphs discloses biographies of individuals and indicates what type of professions were dominant during a certain period. The religious symbolism of individual stones differentiates denominations and may lend evidence of a once-existent church or parish.*This term was traditionally used throughout the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and therefore will be applied in the text where appropriate. The need to preserve graveyards is essential to humankind's understanding of the past,, people and the environment. As outdoor museums that are open to all, regardless of social or economic status, to visit and experience, graveyards are potentially one of the best educational tools for interpreting history, yet are seldom used. Graveyards must begin to be viewed as "interpretive sites" and not just as functional and emotional places for the dead. As a tangible aspect of history that contains sensitive records, the preservation of a graveyard must be carefully and innovatively handled. The stability that a cemetery presents in the ever-changing environment of a disposable society is threatened unless the site and its artifacts are properly maintained.Historic Blandford Cemetery in Petersburg, Virginia, presents itself as a significant eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth-century graveyard/cemetery. It is the site of the 1781 Battle of Petersburg and the burial grounds for approximately 30,000 Confederate soldiers from the United States Civil War. The Old Blandford Church is the oldest church in the Petersburg area (ca. 1734-1737) and was the last of three brick churches built for Bristol Parish of Bristol, England, in colonial Virginia. The church also contains fifteen Tiffany stained-glass windows designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany.Since the historic fabric at Blandford Cemetery needs to be preserved, restored, maintained and innovatively managed to ensure its future, this study has been undertaken with the sincere hope that others will find the enthusiasm, support and encouragement to seek out, preserve and interpret old graveyards and cemeteries. / Department of Architecture

A review of archaeometallurgical studies carried out in the 1980s and 1990s of early medieval (c. AD410-1100) iron knives revealed several patterns, with clear differences in knife manufacturing techniques present in rural cemeteries and later urban settlements. The main aim of this research is to investigate these patterns and to gain an overall understanding of the early medieval iron industry. This study has increased the number of knives analysed from a wide spectrum of sites across England, Scotland and Ireland. Knives were selected for analysis based on X-radiographs and contextual details. Sections were removed for more detailed archaeometallurgical analysis. The analysis revealed a clear change through time, with a standardisation in manufacturing techniques in the 7th century and differences between the quality of urban and rural knives. Analysis of cemetery knives revealed that there was some correlation between the knife and the deceased. Comparison of knives from England, Dublin and Europe revealed that the Vikings had little direct impact on England's knife manufacturing industry, although there was a change in manufacturing methods in the 10th century towards the mass produced sandwich welded knife. This study also suggests that Irish blacksmiths in Dublin continued their 'native' blacksmithing techniques after the Vikings arrived. Using the data gathered a chaîne opértoire of the iron knife was re-constructed, this revealed that there was a specific order to the manufacture process and decisions were not only influenced by the cost of raw materials, the skill of the blacksmith and the consumer status, but also by cultural stimulus.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 P32 / Master of Landscape Architecture