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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Ac?mulo e parti??o de mat?ria seca e nutrientes de cultivares de milho, feij?o e mandioca em competi??o com plantas daninhas. / Accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and corn, beans and cassava nutrients in competition with weed.

Cury, Jo?o Pedro 28 February 2011 (has links)
Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T13:30:34Z No. of bitstreams: 5 37.pdf: 3780972 bytes, checksum: 25735fd7c2f94a2a52a7a996adefcb6b (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T18:41:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 37.pdf: 3780972 bytes, checksum: 25735fd7c2f94a2a52a7a996adefcb6b (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-27T18:41:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 37.pdf: 3780972 bytes, checksum: 25735fd7c2f94a2a52a7a996adefcb6b (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Avaliaram-se neste trabalho os efeitos da competi??o entre cultivares de milho, feij?o e mandioca e seis esp?cies de plantas daninhas no ac?mulo e na aloca??o de mat?ria seca e nutrientes pelas plantas; o potencial de algumas dessas esp?cies em reciclar nutrientes e a efici?ncia nutricional do feijoeiro. Para isso foi realizado um experimento para cada cultura com tr?s gen?tipos de milho, tr?s de feij?o e dois de mandioca, cultivados em competi??o com seis esp?cies de plantas daninhas, al?m dos tratamentos adicionais, correspondentes ?s cultivares de milho, feij?o e mandioca e ?s esp?cies daninhas ausentes de competi??o. O per?odo de conviv?ncia entre as cultivares de milho, feij?o e mandioca e as plantas daninhas foi de 60, 45 e 75 dias ap?s emerg?ncia das culturas, respectivamente. Para a cultura do milho e do feij?o foi avaliada a aloca??o de mat?ria seca e de nutrientes, inclusive entre os diferentes ?rg?os. Ainda para o feij?o foram estimados os coeficientes para efici?ncia de absor??o, transporte e utiliza??o dos nutrientes. Para a cultura da mandioca, foram determinadas, al?m da aloca??o de mat?ria seca, caracter?sticas morfofisiol?gicas ligadas ? ?rea foliar. A folha e o caule do milho foram os principais ?rg?os afetados negativamente pela competi??o, enquanto as ra?zes das esp?cies competidoras foram os ?rg?os mais prejudicados. Em competi??o com o feijoeiro, as folhas e o caule das esp?cies daninhas foram os ?rg?os mais prejudicados. Com mandioca, os componentes vegetativos das plantas daninhas sofreram reduzidas modifica??es, sem preju?zos quanto ? produ??o de mat?ria seca. As ra?zes do feijoeiro e de mandioca foram os principais ?rg?os afetados negativamente pela competi??o. Os gen?tipos AL 25 (milho) e IPR Colibri (feij?o) foram os que menos toleraram a competi??o. De forma contr?ria, as cultivares P?rola (feij?o) e Periquita (mandioca) demonstraram possuir as maiores habilidades competitivas. O milho mostrou-se sens?vel ? competi??o com B. brizantha e C. benghalensis e competitivo com B. plantaginea. Esta esp?cie, entretanto, mostrou-se altamente competitiva com feij?o e mandioca. Al?m disso, A. spinosus, em competi??o com o feijoeiro, demonstrou possuir a maior habilidade competitiva. A capacidade competitiva entre esp?cies vegetais, quando se trata do ac?mulo de mat?ria seca e relativo de nutrientes, n?o representou vantagem para as esp?cies de plantas daninhas, quando elas foram mantidas em conviv?ncia com o milho. O feijoeiro apresentou baixa capacidade de competi??o por nutrientes, particularmente N e P. A ?rea foliar espec?fica e a raz?o de ?rea foliar da mandioca n?o foram afetadas pela competi??o. B. brizantha e C. echinatus, livre da conviv?ncia com o milho, apresentaram elevado potencial em reciclar nutrientes. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011. / ABSTRACT There were evaluated in this study the effects of competition between maize, beans and cassava, and six weed species in the accumulation and allocation of dry matter and nutrients by plants, the potential of some of these species in recycling nutrients and nutritional efficiency of bean. For this end an experiment was performed to each culture with three genotypes of maize, beans and two of three cassava grown in competition with six weeds species, apart from additional treatment corresponding to the maize, beans and cassava cultivars and weed species absent from the competition. The period of coexistence among maize, beans and cassava cultivars and the weeds was 60, 45 and 75 days after crop emergence, respectively. For the corn and beans there were evaluated allocation of dry matter and nutrients, including between different organs. Even for the beans there were estimated coefficients for uptake, transport and utilization of nutrients. For cassava plants there were determined, besides the allocation of dry matter, morphological and physiological characteristics related to leaf area. The leaf and stalk of corn were the main adversely affected organs by competition, while the roots of competing species were the most affected organs. In competition with the beans, leaves and stems of weeds were the most affected organs. With cassava, the weeds vegetative components suffered reduced modifications without losses in the production of dry matter. The roots of bean and cassava were the main adversely affected organs by competition. Genotypes AL 25 (maize) and IPR Colibri (beans) were the less tolerant in the competition. Conversely, the P?rola (beans) and Periquita (cassava) have showed the greatest competitive abilities. The corn was sensitive to competition with B. brizantha and C. benghalensis and competitive with B. plantaginea. This species, however, proved to be highly competitive with beans and cassava. Furthermore, A. spinosus, in competition with the bean, has demonstrated the greatest competitive ability. The competitive ability of plant species when it comes to the accumulation of dry matter and related nutrients did not represent the advantage to the weeds, where they were kept in close contact with the corn. The bean had low capacity to compete for nutrients, particularly N and P. The specific leaf area and leaf area ratio of cassava were not affected by competition. B. brizantha and C. echinatus, free of coexistence with the corn, had high potential to recycle nutrients.
2

Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) no Sistema Plantio Direto no Sul de Mato Grosso do Sul: Flutuação Populacional, Hospedeiros e Parasitismo / Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in No-Tillage System in the South Region of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil: Population fluctuation, host and Parasitism

Carvalho, Evanir da Silva Martins 29 March 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T14:53:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EvanirSilvaMartinsCarvalho.pdf: 3597617 bytes, checksum: 21b7c5a6853a920243c751376e6b66fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-29 / This work was done in order to verify population fluctuation, alternative hosts, and the natural occurrence of parasitoids in eggs and adults of the green belly stink bug, Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851), in No-Tillage System in the South Region of Mato Grosso de Sul State. Weekly samples were taken - from September 2005 to December 2006 on soybean, second season corn crop, on wheat and on volunteer corn plants, in the middle of straws and on weeds. All the field observations were done in areas of Ponta Porã, Itaporã and Dourados, in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, where were also collected forty adults and their egg masses to observe parasitism in the lab. The insect was detected at the three experiments throughout the year, but peaks above 1.0 stink bug/m2 were observed more frequently in Ponta Porã, from February to December 2006. In Ponta Porã was also registered, soon after the soybean harvesting - in the middle of the remaining straw - in the presence of volunteer corn plants, the highest of all the peaks 4.1 (±1,45) insects/m2 in April 2006. In Itaporã, the population density reached the magnitude of 1.0 (±0,38) D. melacanthus/m2, in November 2005, also on volunteer corn plants. Approached of the same level in December 2006, at the initial vegetative growth stage of the soybean in the presence of volunteer corn plants and reached the uppermost level 1.5 (±0,53) individual/m2 in September and 1.5 individual/m2 (±0,26) in November 2006, both on volunteer corn plants. As for Dourados, more than 1.0 (±0,31) stink bug/m2 was only registered in September 2006, on volunteer corn plants;approached of the same level in October and November of the same year, on volunteer corn plants, and on soybean at early vegetative growth stage associated with volunteer corn plants. By and large, the highest population peaks occurred near the soybean harvesting; in the middle of the remaining straw - soon after the soybean harvesting mostly in the presence of volunteer corn plants; at the initial growth stages of the second season corn crop and of the volunteer corn plants. The same occurred during the entire permanence of the wheat crop in the field, mostly at its initial development stages. The contrary happened during the soybean vegetative and early reproductive growth stages, except when they were in the presence of volunteer corn plants. It was also observed that when the second season corn crop and the volunteer corn plants have developed, the population became lower. Parasitism exerted in adults by three different species of Tachinidae occurred in almost all months of the year. Individuals collected in Itaporã, in March 2006, did not exhibit parasitism. However, 53% of the insects collected in November were parasitized. The highest level of parasitism exerted in the stink bug D. melacanthus eggs - by the Scelionidae Telenomus podisi Ashmead (1893) were 38,4 31,5 and 45,0%, in Ponta Porã; 42,3%, in Itaporã and 46,1%, in Dourados. Among the weeds, the four favorite alternative hosts are Cenchrus echinatus L., Chloris gayana Kunth, Panicum maximum Jacq. and Commelina benghalensis L / Este trabalho teve os objetivos de verificar a flutuação populacional, os hospedeiros alternativos e a ocorrência natural de parasitóides em ovos e adultos do percevejo-barrigaverde, Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851), em solos explorados no Sistema Plantio Direto no Sul de Mato Grosso do Sul. As amostragens foram realizadas, semanalmente, de setembro/05 a dezembro/06, nas culturas da soja, milho-safrinha e trigo, em plantas voluntárias de milho, no meio da palhada e em ervas daninhas. As observações de campo foram feitas em experimentos localizados em áreas de Ponta Porã, Itaporã e Dourados, onde também foram coletados, quarenta adultos de D. melacanthus e suas posturas, para observação de parasitismo em laboratório. O inseto foi detectado o ano todo nos três experimentos, mas, picos acima de 1,0 percevejo/m2 ocorreram com maior freqüência, de fevereiro a novembro/06. Em Ponta Porã também foi observado - logo após a colheita da soja, na palha associada a plantas voluntárias de milho - o maior de todos os picos 4,1 (±1,45) percevejo/m2, em abril/06. Em Itaporã, a população alcançou a magnitude de 1,0 (±0,38) percevejo/m2, em novembro/05, em plantas voluntárias de milho; aproximou-se do mesmo nível em dezembro/06, em soja de fase inicial do estádio vegetativo, na presença de plantas voluntárias de milho; e culminou em 1,5 (±0,53) percevejo/m2, em setembro e 1,5 (±0,26) percevejo/m2 em outubro/06, ambos na presença de plantas voluntárias de milho. Quanto a Dourados, registrou-se densidade superior a 1,0 (±0,31) percevejo/m2, em plantas voluntárias de milho, apenas em setembro/06; aproximou-se do mesmo nível em outubro/novembro do mesmo ano, em plantas voluntárias de milho e em soja em estádio reprodutivo inicial associado a plantas voluntárias de milho, respectivamente. De modo geral, os maiores auges populacionais ocorreram nas proximidades da colheita da soja; na palha da soja, logo após a colheita, principalmente na presença de plantas voluntárias de milho; nos estádios iniciais do milho safrinha e das plantas voluntárias de milho. O mesmo ocorreu durante todo o tempo de permanência do trigo no campo, principalmente no estádio inicial do desenvolvimento deste cereal. Deu-se o contrário nos estádios vegetativos da soja e durante as fases iniciais do seu estádio reprodutivo, exceto quando as plantas estiveram na presença de plantas voluntárias de milho. Observou-se também que à medida que a cultura do milho safrinha e as plantas voluntárias de milho cresceram, a população do inseto diminuiu. O parasitismo exercido em adultos por três diferentes espécies de Tachinidae se fez presente em quase todos os meses do ano. Indivíduos coletados em Itaporã, em março/06, não foram parasitados, mas 53% dos observados no mês outubro, sim. Os maiores índices de parasitismo exercido em ovos de D. melacanthus pelo Scelionidae Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 foram: 38,4; 31,5 e 45,0%, em Ponta Porã; de 42,3% em Itaporã e de 46,1%, em Dourados. Entre as plantas não cultivadas, os quatro hospedeiros alternativos preferidos são: Cenchrus echinatus L., Chloris gayana Kunth, Panicum maximum Jacq. e Commelina benghalensis L

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