Cette thèse porte sur William Gaddis (1922-1998), écrivain majeur de la littérature américaine, traditionnellement associé à la mouvance postmoderne, et sur son premier roman The Recognitions (1955). Ce travail s’inscrit dans une perspective interdisciplinaire, il est à la croisée des champs d’étude entre la littérature, la peinture, la philosophie et l’histoire des religions. L’enjeu principal consiste à montrer que le William Gaddis de 1955 est un écrivain moderne – c’est-à-dire ni moderniste ni postmoderniste – car son premier roman l’est. La réflexion de Gaddis sur l’absence de centre, liée à la perte d’une origine stable, témoigne de sa modernité. Son ironie à l’égard du passé et sa distance critique à l’encontre de la religion et de l’esthétique souligne sa modernité. Son approche nouvelle de l’origine en art la met en évidence. De même, son étude sur le faux et l’authenticité, sur l’art et l’origine indique sa modernité. L’interaction qui se joue entre peinture et écriture dans The Recognitions contribue également à la révéler. L’acentralité, le cubisme narratif et la modernité de l’origine sont les trois concepts critiques proposés qui permettent d’analyser la modernité à l’œuvre dans The Recognitions. Ils envisagent trois variations de la modernité dans le roman qui mènent à une réflexion sur la création. / This doctoral dissertation focuses on The Recognitions (1955), which was the first novel by the major American writer, William Gaddis (1922-1998), who is generally classified as a postmodernist. By addressing this work through an interdisciplinary lens, I have chosen to place it at a crossroads between literature, painting, philosophy and the history of religions. The aim is to show that especially in Gaddis’s initial literary effort, the author can be seen as an exponent of a kind of modernity—which is not entirely modernist or postmodernist as traditionally defined--notably in his exploration of centerlessness, as articulated in the loss of a stable origin. In the same modern vein is the author’s ironic attitude toward the past and his maintaining of a certain critical distance from religion and aesthetics. His inventive approach to the theme of origins in art as well as his treatment of fakeness, forgery and authenticity highlight his modernity. In addition, his modern approach in The Recognitions will be shown to be revealed in the interplay between painterly and literary techniques and concerns. Centerlessness and cubism in the novel’s narrative techniques and the notion of origin in art are three critical concepts. They allow us to envision three variant threads of Gaddis’s modernity, opening up a profound meditation on artistic and literary creation.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T17:49:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GersonGN_TESE.pdf: 4714493 bytes, checksum: 3210c67db530dca6c6bf87d19f872722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-09 / This paper analyzes the influence of trade and services in the reconfiguration of urban space in Natal, with the Avenues Bernardo Vieira end Roberto Freire Engineer as privileged analysis. Initially, we discussed the concepts of production and reproduction of urban space, urban centralities, decentralized, services and public policies, especially transport and tourism. Then, we show the construction of urban space from Natal, highlighting the historical formation of the districts of Ribeira, Cidade Alta and Alecrim, pioneers in the service sector, noting that currently there is an ongoing process of decentralization in the city of such activities, to other areas of the urban fabric of Natal. Later, we studied the Avenues Bernardo Vieira to Roberto Freire Engineer, noting, in both the distribution of commercial activities and services, and issues related to transportation, traffic, tourism and socio-economic problems, identified them. Finally, testify that Natal, from the 1980s, underwent a process of decentralization of services, both to the south, and north of the city on the ball. In this process of decentralization we ascertain the role of public policies on transport and tourism, complementing the action of private enterprise, through the real estate market, on Avenue Roberto Freire Engineer. / Este trabalho analisa a influ?ncia do com?rcio e dos servi?os na reconfigura??o do espa?o urbano de Natal-RN, tendo as Avenidas Bernardo Vieira e Engenheiro Roberto Freire como espa?os privilegiados de an?lise. Inicialmente, s?o abordados os conceitos de produ??o e reprodu??o do espa?o urbano, de centralidades e descentralidades urbanas, de servi?os e de pol?ticas p?blicas, principalmente, de transportes e de turismo. Em seguida, mostramos a constru??o do espa?o urbano de Natal, destacando a forma??o hist?rica dos bairros da Ribeira, Cidade Alta e Alecrim, pioneiros no setor de servi?os, observando que na atualidade existe um processo de descentraliza??o em curso na cidade, das referidas atividades, para outras ?reas do tecido urbano natalense. Posteriormente, estudamos as Avenidas Bernardo Vieira a Engenheiro Roberto Freire, ressaltando, em ambas, a distribui??o das atividades comerciais e de servi?os, al?m de quest?es relativas ao transporte, ao tr?fego, ao turismo e aos problemas socioecon?micos, nelas identificados. Finalmente, atestamos que Natal, a partir da d?cada de 1980, sofreu um processo de descentraliza??o dos servi?os, tanto na dire??o Sul, quanto na esfera Norte da cidade. Neste processo de descentraliza??o averiguamos o papel das pol?ticas p?blicas de transportes e turismo, complementando a a??o da iniciativa privada, atrav?s do mercado imobili?rio, sobretudo, na Avenida Engenheiro Roberto Freire.