Suburban centres policies in Greater Vancouver, metropolitan Melbourne, and Bellevue, Washington are examined to derive general lessons toward the improvement of this type of policy. It is found that two attempts to pursue the development of a regional system of suburban centres have been unsuccessful, while a municipally-based policy has achieved some success in terms of the physical design of a suburban downtown. Patterns of private sector development are found to have been very little affected by any of the case study policies. Further, several assumptions concerning the linkages between public transit and land use in suburban centres are found to require further careful examination before they should be used as a basis for future policy development. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

published_or_final_version / Urban Design / Master / Master of Urban Design

published_or_final_version / Real Estate and Construction / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

Pendling in till stadens centrum orsakar trafikköer och dålig luft samtidigt som fordonstrafik står för en av de största utsläppskällorna av växthusgaser i Sverige. Pendelparkeringar representerar ett mer miljövänligt alternativ men det utnyttjas inte till fullo. Detta examensarbete har som syfte att undersöka hur användandet av pendlarparkeringar kan främjas, som ett led i ett mer hållbart resande inom Gävle kommun. Studiens mål är att skapa ett kunskapsunderlag som kan guida kommunen att främja utvecklingen i praktiken. Examensarbetet utgick från aspekter kopplat till pendlarparkeringar, framtagna i förstudien till detta arbete. Studien syftar till att svara på forskningsfrågorna Hur har de sex slumpmässigt utvalda svenska kommunerna arbetat med (de sedan tidigare utpekade) aspekterna kostnad, beteende, tid och tillgänglighet för att främja användandet av pendlarparkeringar? och Hur ser potentiella användare av pendlarparkeringar i Gävle kommun på vikten av kostnad, beteende, tid och tillgänglighet för att motivera deras användande? Examensarbetet består av två olika metoder, en enkätundersökning för potentiella användare och en intervjustudie med de sex slumpmässigt utvalda svenska kommunerna. Två kommuner deltog via videosamtal och resterande fyra deltog via mail. Både kommunerna och respondenterna av enkäten ansåg att billig parkeringsavgift och bra biljettsystem var viktigt för att bilburna skall välja att använda pendlarparkeringar. Samtliga kommuner tryckte även på vikten av god tillgänglighet till kollektivtrafik samtidigt som respondenterna i enkätundersökningen tyckte att turtätheten i kollektivtrafiken var viktig. Aspekter som kostnad, tid och bekvämlighet är val som prioriteras högt medan miljö inte får lika stort fokus. Studien visar på att individer gör val efter det som gynnar dem själv. / Commuting into the city center causes traffic jams and bad air at the same time as vehicle traffic accounts for one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions in Sweden. Shuttle parking represents a more environmentally friendly alternative but it is not fully utilized. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how the use of commuter parking can be promoted, as part of a more sustainable travel within Gävle municipality. The aim of the study is to create a knowledge base that can guide the municipality to promote development in practice. The degree project was based on aspects linked to commuter parking, developed in the feasibility study for this project. The study aims to answer the research questions How have the six randomly selected Swedish municipalities worked with (the previously designated) aspects cost, behavior, time and accessibility to promote the use of commuter parking? and How do potential users of commuter car parks in Gävle municipality view the importance of cost, behavior, time and accessibility to justify their use? The degree project consists of two different methods, a survey for potential users and an interview study with the six randomly selected Swedish municipalities. Two municipalities participated via video calls and the remaining four participated via email. Both the municipalities and the respondents of the survey considered that cheap parking fees and a good ticket system were important for car users to choose to use commuter parking. All municipalities also emphasized the importance of good accessibility to public transport, while the respondents in the survey thought that the frequency of public transport was important. Aspects such as cost, time and convenience are choices that are given high priority, while the environment does not receive as much focus. The study shows that individuals make choices based on what benefits them.

Portland and Seattle are often considered to be divergent in character, partly because civic leadership in each city has a different vision. The adoption of contrasting downtown core plans, projects, and policies in each city allows us an opportunity to understand the nature of each city's regime. As defined by Elkin, an urban regime is the community's governing coalition, those who exercise public authority in a legal sense and those private actors able to act collectively and bring concerted influence to bear. The time frame for this study begins with the first modern planning document, the 1972 City of Portland Downtown Plan. During this period, both central business districts were transformed, simultaneously losing some retail, commercial and industrial functions while gaining further control of regional economies. Portland perfected the entrepreneurial urban regime. The linkage among the land use alliance (property owners, investors and private professionals); the bureaucracy; and politicians was established by the success of the 1972 Downtown Plan. There is little conflict in Portland. Systemic bias is masked by overly extensive citizen involvement processes; city subsidies and grants which influence activists' positions; and use of tax increment money to hire consultants who reinforce the business point of view. Seattle never perfected the entrepreneurial regime. The business community was fractured into conservatives and progressive camps. Also, the bureaucracy was caught in the Mayoral-Council crossfire. There is great controversy in Seattle. The prodevelopment decisions are still made but activist groups can successfully make it to the ballot box. Primary sources of information included planning studies; reports; memoranda; minutes of meetings; resolutions; budgets; and activists' printed materials. Participants in each city were interviewed. Secondary sources of information included articles, and census materials.

Central Business Area Revitalization Planning theory and practice has evolved from a concern with physical revitalization to an emphasis on a comprehensive approach which includes areas such as housing and recreation, which had not in most past cases been viewed as relevant to the undertaking. The current thinking views all aspects of town planning as inter-related and approaches the task in a holistic manner. The methodologies utilized in Planning for Central Business Area Revitalization have evolved as well. Detached consultant planning, which included little or no public involvement and which produced inflexible plans which outlined the way to revitalization, has evolved to a flexible, dynamic approach, which involves those responsible for implementation at all stages of planning; thereby, reflecting their beliefs, attitudes and values and having high probability of implementation. Successful efforts to revitalize the central business areas of rural towns require an informed leader who will function as an educator, and a planning and design process which leads to implementation through its participant centered, incremental, multiple objective approach. / M.L. Arch.

1 leaf folds out. Photos glued in. / Digitized by Kansas State University Libraries