O propósito deste trabalho é estudar o Debate do Cálculo Econômico Socialista, desde a sua pré-história a partir da Revolução Marginalista e o seu início em 1920 com o artigo de Ludwig von Mises até a moderna retomada do mesmo na década de noventa. Argumentaremos que a fonte do desacordo pode ser traçada nas diferentes percepções sobre a complexidade do problema alocativo. A desconsideração dessa complexidade por sua vez levou os economistas a usar a teoria microeconômica padrão para construir um novo sistema econômico, desconsiderando as assimetrias entre explicação e previsão/controle existentes na teoria econômica neoclássica. Em cada fase do debate, elementos importantes dos mercados reais, geralmente desconsiderados pela teoria econômica então prevalecente, foram utilizados para criticar as tentativas de solução do problema do cálculo. Em particular, a articulação de Hayek da abordagem austríaca de processo de mercado foi em parte fruto do debate e ainda é relevante para avaliar os méritos das propostas modernas de socialismo de mercado e o significado da teoria micro em geral. / The purpose of this work is to study the Socialist Economic Calculation Debate, from its prehistory since the Marginalist Revolution and its beginning in 1920 with Ludwig von Mises article to the modern reopening of the discussions in the 90´s. We will argue that the source of the disagreement can be traced to the different perceptions about the complexity of the allocative problem. The neglect of this complexity in turn lead the economists to use the standard microeconomic theory to construct a new economic system, disregarding the asymmetries between explanation and prediction/control in neoclassical economic theory. At each phase of the debate, important elements of the real markets, usually disregarded by the economic theory prevailing in the moment, were used to criticize the attempts to find a solution to the calculation problem. Particularly, Hayek´s articulation of the Austrian or market process approach to economic theory was in part fruit of this debate and is still relevant to evaluate the merits of the modern market socialist proposals and the significance of micro theory in general.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the economic development of Czechoslovakia during the Fourth Five-Year Plan (1966-1970) taking into account political development concerning mainly the formation of the second economic reform in Czechoslovakia. The theoretical section of the thesis deals with the political and the economic situation in Czechoslovakia between 1947-1965. It also looks into the characteristics of mechanisms of the functioning of the Czechoslovak economy. The analytical section deals with Šik´s Reform including its most important economic documents. It analyses the Fourth Five-Year Plan focussing on the most significant indicators of the national economy - national income, investments, industry, agriculture and forestry, transport and communications, water management, international trade, construction industry, standards of living, research and development. Despite the continuation of Šik´s Reform which had little influence on changing the economic progress, and despite the political tensions culminating in August 1968, the economic development during the Fourth Five-Year Plan can be regarded as quite successful.

Business Management / (M.Sc.(Operation Research))

Operations Management / (M.Sc.(Operation Research))

This thesis is concerned with the first and second five-year economic plans in Czechoslovakia. These plans were created as a centrally planned. The paper starts with the global and domestic situation, both from a political and an economic perspective for understanding these events. The second part is a description of the two-year Czechoslovak economic plan, which hadn't been created purely the responsibility of the Communist Party, or under the influence of Soviet advisers. The main part deals with the first and second five-year plan, its creation, realization, including problems, it was necessary to revise the plan, what happened, especially in the second five-year plan and a summary of the results and deviations from the original plan. Conclusion compares these five-year plans, what were similar and different, what mistakes were repeated, and whether we can see or not to see parallels of the plans.

Abstrat: The aim of this thesis is to reconstruct the everyday life of employees of Elektropřístroj Písek, by using the methods of oral history and other archival sources. Every single period of time was affected by building a socialist society and its consolidation. Helping the farmers by patronage of JZD was later replaced by a companionship with a soviet enterprise. Also work and social conditions were changing during particular periods of the comunist regime. A democratisation process and a more free society that culminated in the year of Prague Spring, which was reflected both in employees' initiative and in the company organization and its economy, was characteristic of the sixties of the last century. The August invasion ment a sudden change and the following period of condition consolidation completely suppressed liberal tendencies of previous development. The whole period is completed by stagnation in the eighties, atempts of ecomonic revival after M. Gorbačov's appointment, the revolution in 1989 and denationalization of the company during main privatization. Key words: industrial enterprise, central planning, normalization, transformation, oral history, everydayness