Orientador: Roberto Hermínio Moretti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T20:38:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_SilvanaBelem_M.pdf: 957114 bytes, checksum: e00ba608f56d8c72b48fb72550e50759 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia mais simples para concentração de produtos viscosos e obtenção de polpa concentrada de manga com maior retenção das características sensoriais e nutricionais e boa aceitação do produto por parte dos consumidores. A polpa integral de manga sofreu tratamento enzimático e centrifugação variando-se o número de gravidades e o tempo na centrífuga. Foram separadas duas frações, a polpa precipitada e o suco clarificado de manga. A melhor condição para separação das frações da polpa de manga integral escolhida foi tempo de centrifugação de 15 minutos, número de gravidades 5000G e concentração de pectinase de 16ppm, para obtenção de um rendimento ao redor de 75% de suco clarificado. O suco clarificado foi concentrado por 2,5h quando atingiu 60°Brix. Após isto, o mesmo foi reconstituído com proporções diferentes de polpa precipitada (1= 30%, 2= 67% e 3= 0% de polpa precipitada adicionada), sendo a formulação que obedeceu às frações originais das partes separadas (67% de polpa precipitada) obteve menor brix (29,8°Brix) e diferença total de cor e melhores resultados para teor de carotenóides e fibras. Foram elaborados néctares a partir dos concentrados obtidos e submetidos a análise sensorial. A formulação B (maior teor de polpa precipitada) apresentou os melhores resultados para todos os atributos / Abstract: This study aimed to develop a simpler technology for concentration of viscous products and obtaining concentrated mango pulp with better retention of nutritional and sensory characteristics and good product acceptance by consumers. The whole pulp mango enzyme treatment and centrifugation suffered varying the number of severity and duration of the centrifuge. Two fractions were separated, the pulp and precipitated clarified juice of mango. The best condition for separation of fractions of mango pulp was chosen integral centrifugation time of 15 minutes, number and severity 5000G pectinase concentration of 16ppm, to obtain a yield around 75% of clear juice. The clarified juice was concentrated by 2.5 h when it reached 60 ° Brix. After that, it was reconstituted with different ratios of precipitated pulp (a = 30%, 67% and 2 = 3 = 0% pulp precipitated added), and the formulation that followed the original fractions of the separate parts (67% pulp precipitated) had lower Brix (29.8 ° Brix) and total color difference and better results for carotenoids and fiber. Nectars were prepared from the concentrates obtained and subjected to sensory analysis. Formulation B (higher pulp content hasty) showed the best results for all attributes / Mestrado / Engenharia de Alimentos / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos

The application of silicon nanocrystals as non-toxic bio-labels and downconverters requires their uniform size distribution in order to minimize the inhomogeneous broadening of the photoluminescence peak. In this thesis, we set the basis for their size-separation via the density-gradient centrifugation method. To be more precise, we successfully apply this technique to separate 5 and 10 nm gold nanoparticles from an ensemble by using an engineered medium layer stack. In addition, we explain how atomic force microscopy is used to measure the size of the nanoparticles, with a particular attentionon the removal of unwanted solvent-related effects. As a future plan, we will implement the technique for the size-separation of silicon nanocrystals.

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To separate plasma/serum from blood cells, blood samples are centrifuged. Currently, there is no standard centrifugation protocol available. However, there are several centrifugation recommendations from the tube manufacturers. The aim of this study is to evaluate centrifugation program with a shorter centrifugation time and higher centrifugal force and how it affects measured analyte concentrations. 120 sample pairs were collected in lithium-heparin tubes and sodium citrate tubes from 120 participants. One sample of each pair was then centrifuged with reference program (2000g, 10min) for routine chemistry samples and (2500g, 15min) for coagulation samples. The other sample of each pair was centrifuged with programs (3000g, 7min). The statistical analysis was performed using the Student’s t-test and the Holm-Bonferroni method. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.There was no significant difference between data from BD tubes and Greiner tubes, therefore the corresponding data from both groups were merged. No statistically significant difference was observed for the following parameters; Cobalamin (B12), High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Lactate dehydrogenase (LD), Phosphate, Triglycerides (TG), Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), Fibrinogen (Fib) and Prothrombin complex PK (INRR). However, the statistical analysis showed a significant difference regarding potassium (K). Centrifugation program (3000g, 7min) can replace the programs (2000g, 10min) and (2500g, 15min) which are recommended by the tube manufacturers BD & Greiner, with the exception of Potassium which requires more research. A trace of increasing hemolysis, still within acceptable limits, was detected in samples centrifuged with programs (3000g, 7min). The centrifugation programs with a shorter time or less acceleration is preferred. / Blodprover centrifugeras för att separera plasma/serum från blodceller. Inget standardprotokoll för centrifugering är tillgänglig dock finns flertal centrifugeringsrekommendationer från rörtillverkarna. Syftet med denna studie är att utvärdera centrifugeringsprogram med en kortare centrifugeringstid och högre g-tal, samt hur det påverkar uppmätta analytkoncentrationer. 120 provpar samlades i litium-heparin-rör respektive natrium-citrat-rör från 120 deltagare. Det ena provet av varje provpar centrifugerades med referensprogram (2000g, 10 min) för rutinkemi respektive (2500g, 15min) för koagulation medan det andra centrifugerades med program (3000g, 7min). Statistiska analysen utfördes med hjälp av Student t-test och Holm-Bonferroni metoden. P-värde mindre än 0,05 ansåg vara statistiskt signifikant. Ingen betydande skillnad fanns mellan data från BD-rör och Greiner-rör, därför har motsvarande data från både gruppen slagits ihop. Ingen statistiskt signifikant skillnad observerades för följande undersökta parametrar; Kobalamin (B12), High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Laktatdehydrogenas (LD), Fosfat, Triglycerider (TG), Tyroideastimulerande hormon (TSH), Aktiverad partiell tromboplastintid (APTT), Fibrinogin (Fib) och Protrombinkomplex PK(INR). Däremot visade den statistiska analysen en signifikant skillnad avseende kalium (K). Centrifugeringsprogram (3000g, 7min) kan ersätta programmen (2000g, 10min) och (2500g, 15min) som rekommenderas av rörtillverkarna BD & Greiner, med undantag av Kalium som kräver mer undersökning. Ett spår av ökande hemolys, dock fortfarande inom acceptabla gränser, upptäcktes i prover centrifugerades med program (3000g, 7min). Därpå är centrifugeringsprogram med kortare tid eller mindre hastighet att föredra.

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Call number: LD2668 .T4 1984 D44 / Master of Science

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La fabrication de prothèses dentaires à base de titane a connu un réel essor ces dernières années. Cependant, la production de ces produits reste assez coûteuse, et le choix de producteurs est encore restreint. Les partenaires du projet de recherche Européen Den-ticast® ont identifié un fort potentiel pour la création d'une machine innovante, capable de produire ces pièces à un coût réduit et à un niveau de qualité élevé. Le projet est axé sur le domaine de la production de pièces de métal pour l'usage dentaire, avec comme objectif, le développement d'un nouveau système polyvalent de coulée des alliages, qui doit permettre de couler l'ensemble des alliages dentaires actuellement commercialisés (NiCr, CoCr), mais aussi le titane et ses alliages. Le prototype Denticast® associe, pour la première fois, la fusion par induction et l'injection par centrifugation à haute vitesse, sous vide secondaire. Entièrement programmable, cette machine doit pouvoir évoluer en fonction du développement de nouveaux alliages sur le marché dentaire.Ce projet réunit des partenaires européens de 3 pays différents (France, Allemagne, Italie) et 3 secteurs d'activité : industriel, académique et odontologique, de sorte que chacun ap-porte un aspect complémentaire au projet. Il comporte 3 phases principales : une phase d'étude, une phase de conception et une phase d'évaluation du prototype.Nos résultats montrent que Denticast® est capable de produire des pièces à usage dentaire de qualité, à grains fins et homogènes, avec un niveau de contrainte résiduelle relativement bas, et une fraction volumique de porosité faible. Les caractéristiques mécaniques sont globalement supérieures ou équivalentes aux systèmes commerciaux du marché. / Although the manufacture of titanium dental prostheses has experienced a real rise in the last years, the production of those products remains quite expensive, and the choice of pro-ducers is still limited. The partners of the European research project Denticast® have identi-fied a high potential for the creation of an innovative machine that can produce those dental parts at low cost and high quality level. The aim of this research is the development of a new, innovative and versatile system of casting alloys, which can cast all dental alloys (NiCr, CoCr) as well as titanium and its alloys. The prototype Denticast® associates for the first time the melting by induction and the injection by centrifugation with high speed under vacuum. Totally preset, this machine should be able to evolve according to the devel-opment of new dental materials.The project combines European partners from 3 different countries (France, Germany and Italy) and three sectors: industrial, academic and dental, so that each of them contributes to the project. It presents three main phases: a study phase, a phase of design and the evalua-tion phase of the prototype.Our results show that Denticast® is able to produce quality parts for dental use with a ho-mogeneous and fine grain, with a low level of residual stress and a relatively low volume of fraction porosity. In most cases, the mechanical characteristics are equal or even greater than other systems on the market at present.

La structure spécifique des nanotubes rend ce matériau très intéressant dans l’élaboration de nanohybrides. La cavité interne des nanotubes permet l’encapsulation de molécule laissant la paroi externe libre pour une fonctionnalisation. Les nanotubes de carbone sont déjà bien connus pour l’élaboration de nanosondes Raman. Les molécules de colorants encapsulé dans leurs cavité interne sont protégées de l’irradiation du laser. Les propriétés électroniques de cette structure en carbone permettent le transfert d’énergie entre le colorant et le nanotube engendrant ainsi une extinction de la fluorescence du colorant. La surface du nanotube de carbone est libre pour réaliser des fonctionnalisations permettant de modifier certaines propriétés de la nanosonde. L’élaboration de nanohybride à partir de cette structure permet les analyses de « multiplexage » en changeant simplement le colorant encapsulé dans la cavité interne du nanotube et la fonctionnalisation en surface. La structure des nanotubes de nitrure de bore (BNNTs) est très similaire à celle de leurs homologues en carbone. La cavité interne permet également l’encapsulation de colorant cependant les propriétés électroniques résultantes de cette structure ne permet pas le transfert d’énergie. Les molécules de colorant encapsulé dans les BNNTs conservent donc leurs fluorescences. Des études précédentes démontrent qu’après encapsulation, le spectre de fluorescence du colorant α-sexithiophène (6T) est élargi et décalé vers les longueurs d’ondes plus grandes, c.-à-d. vers le rouge. L’hypothèse la plus probable, quant à la raison de ce phénomène, est que la grande distribution de taille de diamètre de l’échantillon de BNNTs permet différentes agglomérations de 6T. Les nanosondes résultantes sont composées d’un mélange d’agglomération de colorant absorbant à différentes longueurs d’onde. Afin de confirmer cette hypothèse, nous allons procéder au triage en taille de diamètre des BNNTs. Pour cela, plusieurs étapes sont nécessaires, comme la fonctionnalisation de la surface des BNNTs pour les rendre dispersible dans l’eau, l’encapsulation du colorant de 6T selon un protocole déjà connus dans la littérature et enfin le test d’une méthode de triage de nanotubes en fonction de leurs diamètres et donc de leurs densités. La méthode de triage sélectionnée parmi les méthodes découvertes dans la littérature, a démontré son efficacité sur les nanotubes de carbone mais n’a cependant jamais été testée sur les BNNTs. Ce mémoire présente les premiers résultats d’une séparation de nanosondes fluorescentes en fonction de leurs tailles de diamètre. / The specific structure of nanotubes is interesting for the synthesis of nanohybrides. Molecules are encapsulated in the internal cavity of the tube while the external wall remain free for further manipulation. Carbon nanotubes are already known for synthesizing Raman nanoprobes. Dyes encapsulated inside the nanotube are protected from irradiation. The electronic properties of the carbon structure lead to energy transfer between the dyes and the nanotubes, this result by the the extinction of the dye’s fluorescence. The carbon nanotube’s surface is free for functionalisation that can add some properties to the nanoprobe. The preparation process of nanohybrides with that structures permit some analyse in « multiplexing » by easily change the dye encapsulated or the functionalisation on the surface of the nanotube. The structure of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) is similar to the carbon one. The internal cavity can encapsulate dyes but the electronic properties don’t permit the energy exchange. Encapsulated dyes inside BNNTs emit some fluorescence. Previous studies show some changes in the fluorescence spectrum of α-sexithiophene (6T) after encapsulation inside BNNTs. The spectrum shows larger bands and a red shift. This caracteristic can come from a large distribution of diameter sizes in the BNNT sample. Différent diameter sizes of nanotubes results in different agglomeration of dyes inside their internal cavities, and these differents nanoprobes are absorbing at different wavelengths. To confirm this hypothesis, we will separate BNNTs into their diameter sizes. Before that some manipulation is necesary, like the functionnalisation of the nanotubes’ surfaces for a better dispersion in water, the encapsulation of 6T realized with the process already known and the experience of a new method to separate nanotubes by size. This separating method is chose from all the method of separating carbon nanotubes but has never been tested on BNNTs. This document shows the first results of separating fluorescents nanoprobes by diameter size.

Thesis (MSCMedSc (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / In this study, we presented data on the role of free radicals in human spermatozoa, particularly in the context of centrifugation and the potential development of defective sperm function. In order to achieve this, methods were developed to directly measure intracellular free radicals in human sperm and the effects of exogenously applied free radicals on sperm function were established. The role of brief and prolonged centrifugation and the associated generation of free radicals was also investigated.