<p>Autumn 2021</p>

Hypothetical bias continues to be a challenge for practitioners of the contingent valuation method (CVM). This study compared the effect of three hypothetical bias mitigation techniques in a CVM survey focused on estimating maximum willingness to pay for a beach conditions monitoring service among U.S. Gulf Coast beachgoers. Beach conditions information is known to affect beach patronage but no valuation study has yet estimated its value. The two techniques tested are: budget and substitutes cheap talk treatments and certainty follow-up. We presented a theoretically consistent model of budget-constrained utility maximization which accounts for the respondents’ subjective probability of a good beach trip with and without the beach conditions information. Interval regression was used to estimate respondents WTP for beach conditions monitoring service. Both mitigation treatments were unable to mitigate HB. The mean WTP was $3.39 and the net benefit for the program was between $188,531,063 and $391,474,452.

Denna uppsats belyser hur förhörsledare väljer förhörsmetod och hur det kan påverka rättssäkerheten. Syftet var att undersöka hur erfarenheten påverkar förhörsledarens val av förhörsmetod samt hur erfarenheten tas tillvara och sprids inom Polisverksamheten. Studien har genomförts i samarbete med Polisen i Malmö. I undersökningen har förhörsledare och individer med gedigen kunskap inom området intervjuats. Resultatet visar att erfarenheten kan påverka rättssäkerheten, dock har det inte undersökts i vilken utsträckning den gör det. Förhörsledare tillämpar inte en specifik förhörsmetod utan använder sig av den fria berättelsen som är ett inslag i både PEACE-modellen och den kognitiva intervjumetoden. Resultatet visa vidare att respondenterna i stor utsträckning vill att erfarenheter av förhörsmetoder ska spridas på ett bättre sätt. Respondenterna uttryckte även att mer vidareutbildning inom området är önskvärt då metoderna bör följa samhällsutvecklingen. / This thesis explores the way the interrogator chooses method of interrogation based upon experience and how this in turn will affect legal certainty. The purpose is to examine how the experiences within the police force will be taken advantage of and how it is disseminated within the organization. The study was conducted in cooperation with the Police in Malmö. By interviewing interrogators and persons with first-rate knowledge about the subject the researcher has tried to get as extensive research material as possible. The results show that experience can affect legal certainty, but the extent of this has not been further investigated. Interrogators do not use a specific interrogation method but uses the free story that is a feature in both the PEACE-model and the cognitive interview method. Furthermore, the experiences within the Police force in Malmö was examined and the results show that the respondents want this to be disseminated to a higher extent. The respondents also expressed that further education was most important and desirable as the methods develop to the same extent as society.

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