Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 2009. / Title from web page (viewed on Dec. 2, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

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The ‘Southern Cone Initiative’ was highly successful in significantly reducing populations of <i>Triatoma infestans</i>, the main vector of Chagas disease in Latin America. New methodologies are required to detect re-emerging <i>T. infestans</i> populations at an early stage after control programmes have finished. This study analysed the IgG antibody response of chickens and guinea pigs to the saliva of <i>T. infestans</i>. Highly immunogenic antigens (14, 21, 26 dDa) were recognised as soon as two days after the first exposure to bug bites by all chicken sera and a 79 kDa protein by all guinea pig sera. An IgM response to saliva of <i>T. infestans</i> was already detectable after one after the first exposure and last up to 18 days. Out of four identified proteins by mass spectrometry, a 14.6 kDa antigen (r<i>Ti</i>SP14.6) was expressed and tested against animal sera from laboratory studies and from free-living hosts of <i>T. infestans</i> from Bolivia. Cross reactivity experiments with salivary proteins of other haematophagus species confirmed the usefulness of r<i>Ti</i>SP14.6  not only as an epidemiological marker for the detection of low-level infestation of <i>T. infestans</i> but also for at least four other triatomine species. Field samples suggest that r<i>Ti</i>SP14.6 is also a potential exposure marker for dogs. Data on national vector control programmes in Bolivia demonstrated that present control measures for <i>T. infestans </i>are inefficient. Using r<i>Ti</i>SP14.6 households omitted form control campaigns or identified as free from traitomine infestation were tested positive for bug exposure. Thus, r<i>Ti</i>SP14.6 represents a useful immuno-epidemiological marker for the detection of low-level infestations of different triatomine species, especially for countries with Chagas disease control programmes.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

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Orientador: Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo Oliveira / Banca: João Aristeu da Rosa / Banca: Hermione Elly Melara de Campos Bicudo / Banca: Fernanda Cristina Alcântara dos Santos / Banca: Patrícia Pasquali Parise Maltempi / Resumo: Um século após a descoberta da Doença de Chagas, essa doença ainda representa uma das mais importantes enfermidades parasitárias que afetam o ser humano. A subfamília dos Triatomíneos tem uma importância médico sanitária, uma vez que estes insetos são vetores do Trypanosoma cruzi, agente etiológico da Doença de Chagas e, também, uma relevância citológica por apresentar características celulares específicas, tais como a "persistência do material nucleolar" na espermatogênese. As células germinativas do reino animal apresentam em seu citoplasma corpos cromatóides, cujo termo em inglês é chromatoid body (CB), que podem se originar de material nucleolar que se fragmenta nas etapas iniciais da espermatogênese e exercem função importante na comunicação celular entre as espermátides durante o processo de espermiogênese. Atualmente, existem poucos estudos sobre o processo de nucleologênese e da formação de CBs, especialmente com ênfase à ultraestrutura das células envolvidas na espermatogênese de triatomíneos. Considerando a importância da Doença de Chagas e do conhecimento da fauna triatomínea, realizamos um levantamento dos pacientes chagásicos e um estudo sobre a biogeografia e as notificações dos triatomíneos da região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Os dados coletados de 1995 a 2009 indicaram 700 indivíduos chagásicos demonstrando a faixa de 0 a 40 anos o que demonstra que a doença pode estar ativa nesta região. Além disso, dos pacientes atendidos com cardiomiopatia 44% eram portadores da Doença de Chagas. Em relação aos triatomíneos notificados e capturados no período de 2004 a 2009, as espécies observadas foram o Triatoma sordida e Rhodnius neglectus, sendo o T. sordida o mais abundante. Além disso, alguns triatomíneos estavam infectados pelo T. cruzi em vários estágios de desenvolvimento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: A century after the discovery of Chagas Disease, it is still one of the most important parasitic diseases affecting humans. The subfamily Triatominae is important for medical health, because these insects are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas Disease and also an important cytological relevance because they have specific cell characteristics, such as "persistence of nucleolar material" in spermatogenesis. The germ cells of the animal kingdom have chromatoid bodies (CBs) in their cytoplasm that can originate from nucleolar material that is fragmented in the early stages of spermatogenesis and play an important role in cellular communication between the spermatids during spermiogenesis. Currently there are few studies on the process and formation of the nucleologenesis CB, especially with emphasis on the ultrastructure of the cells involved in spermatogenesis of insects. Considering the importance of knowledge about the triatominea fauna, we conducted a study on the biogeography and insect reports and a survey of patients with Chagas Disease in the northwestern region of São Paulo state. Data collected from 1995 to 2009 indicated 700 individuals, with Chagas Disease demonstrating a range of 0 to 40 years that shows that the disease may be active in this region. Moreover, the 1150 patients treated with cardiomyopathy 44% are chagasic. Regarding the triatomine noted and captured in the period from 2004 to 2009, the specie were Triatoma sordida and Rhodnius neglectus, with T. sordida being the most abundant. In addition, some triatomine were infected by T. cruzi in several developmental stages. We also analyzed the nucleolar cycle and fibrillarin nucleolar protein expression in CB of spermatogenic cells of Triatoma infestans and Triatoma sordida, using histological, ultrastructural and immunocytochemistry. The results revealed fibrillarin nucleolar protein... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:03:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_rs_dr_sjrp_parcial.pdf: 194904 bytes, checksum: 4f96c34f9a49d1fe5342323dbe1e3fed (MD5) / Um século após a descoberta da Doença de Chagas, essa doença ainda representa uma das mais importantes enfermidades parasitárias que afetam o ser humano. A subfamília dos Triatomíneos tem uma importância médico sanitária, uma vez que estes insetos são vetores do Trypanosoma cruzi, agente etiológico da Doença de Chagas e, também, uma relevância citológica por apresentar características celulares específicas, tais como a “persistência do material nucleolar” na espermatogênese. As células germinativas do reino animal apresentam em seu citoplasma corpos cromatóides, cujo termo em inglês é chromatoid body (CB), que podem se originar de material nucleolar que se fragmenta nas etapas iniciais da espermatogênese e exercem função importante na comunicação celular entre as espermátides durante o processo de espermiogênese. Atualmente, existem poucos estudos sobre o processo de nucleologênese e da formação de CBs, especialmente com ênfase à ultraestrutura das células envolvidas na espermatogênese de triatomíneos. Considerando a importância da Doença de Chagas e do conhecimento da fauna triatomínea, realizamos um levantamento dos pacientes chagásicos e um estudo sobre a biogeografia e as notificações dos triatomíneos da região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Os dados coletados de 1995 a 2009 indicaram 700 indivíduos chagásicos demonstrando a faixa de 0 a 40 anos o que demonstra que a doença pode estar ativa nesta região. Além disso, dos pacientes atendidos com cardiomiopatia 44% eram portadores da Doença de Chagas. Em relação aos triatomíneos notificados e capturados no período de 2004 a 2009, as espécies observadas foram o Triatoma sordida e Rhodnius neglectus, sendo o T. sordida o mais abundante. Além disso, alguns triatomíneos estavam infectados pelo T. cruzi em vários estágios de desenvolvimento... / A century after the discovery of Chagas Disease, it is still one of the most important parasitic diseases affecting humans. The subfamily Triatominae is important for medical health, because these insects are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas Disease and also an important cytological relevance because they have specific cell characteristics, such as persistence of nucleolar material in spermatogenesis. The germ cells of the animal kingdom have chromatoid bodies (CBs) in their cytoplasm that can originate from nucleolar material that is fragmented in the early stages of spermatogenesis and play an important role in cellular communication between the spermatids during spermiogenesis. Currently there are few studies on the process and formation of the nucleologenesis CB, especially with emphasis on the ultrastructure of the cells involved in spermatogenesis of insects. Considering the importance of knowledge about the triatominea fauna, we conducted a study on the biogeography and insect reports and a survey of patients with Chagas Disease in the northwestern region of São Paulo state. Data collected from 1995 to 2009 indicated 700 individuals, with Chagas Disease demonstrating a range of 0 to 40 years that shows that the disease may be active in this region. Moreover, the 1150 patients treated with cardiomyopathy 44% are chagasic. Regarding the triatomine noted and captured in the period from 2004 to 2009, the specie were Triatoma sordida and Rhodnius neglectus, with T. sordida being the most abundant. In addition, some triatomine were infected by T. cruzi in several developmental stages. We also analyzed the nucleolar cycle and fibrillarin nucleolar protein expression in CB of spermatogenic cells of Triatoma infestans and Triatoma sordida, using histological, ultrastructural and immunocytochemistry. The results revealed fibrillarin nucleolar protein... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Shelter dog populations in the United States are poorly quantified and characterized, but may be effective targets for measuring the occurrence of select diseases affecting animal and human health. Dogs in this population may have increased risk for disease due to intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. Accurate estimates of disease in this population require sound sampling strategies within a comprehensive sampling frame. Knowledge of the prevalence of disease in the Mississippi shelter dog population is important for diagnostic test interpretation, shelter allocation of resources, and public health risk assessment. A serum bank provides a valuable resource to investigate both zoonotic diseases in which dogs are the primary reservoir, such as canine brucellosis, and for diseases where dogs may be effective sentinels for exposure risk, such as American trypanosomiasis. Implications of this research extend beyond Mississippi through the frequent movement of shelter dogs to adoption centers across the United States.

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